2013年语法知识第2讲冠词

第2 2讲冠词一、用适当的冠词填空thethea/the1Could you tell me _ answer to this question?2 Pass me _ dictionary next to the radio,and I alsoneed _ pen to write something.3 Fred likes playing _ football.But he doesnt likeplaying _ piano.thethe4 He himself is very rich.However,he often says _rich should help _ poor.atheTheaanThe/5 Jim is now making _ kite.Hes going to fly_ kite after lunch.6_ woman in a purple skirt is Bettys mother.7Miss Liu has _ cold today.8The car can run two kilometers _ hour.9_ Greens are watching _ TV.10_ earth moves around _ sun.Thetheplaying pianoplaying the piano二、单句改错the fourth onea fourth one1She likes playing piano instead of playing basketball._2I have 3 books.I want to buy the fourth one._3Mr.Yang goes to Shenzhen by a train._4Li Ming is a honest boy._5My brother often goes to the bed at 10._去掉 aaan去掉 the不定冠词的基本用法1a 用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或名词短语前，an 用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或名词短语前。如：aboy,a useful book,an apple,an uncle,an umbrella,an ugly man,an honest girl,an hour 等。注意：不能把元音字母当成元音音素。如：()There is an“u”in the word“ruler”()There is a“u”in the word“ruler”2泛指一类人或事物，或表示数量“一”的意思，但数的概念没有 one 强烈。如：A horse is a land animal.马是一种陆栖动物。This is a pencil.这是一支铅笔。3指不具体的某个人或物。如：I met a friend on my way home.我在回家的路上遇到一位朋友。4用在序数词前表示“又一，再一”，相当于 another。如：He had failed twice,but he still wanted to try a third time.他已失败了两次，但他还想试第三次。5表示“每一(个)”，相当于 every。如：three times a day一天三次twice a week 一星期两次ten miles an hour 一小时十英里6用在一些固定搭配中。如：a bit,a lot of,a lot,a little,a few,a number of,a glass of,a quarter,half an hour,have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,have a talk,have a rest,go fora walk,have a cold,in a word,have a good time,such/so/manya/an名词，等等。定冠词的基本用法1表示特指或指谈话双方都知道的某(些)人或事物。如：Where is the book I bought yesterday?我昨天买的那本书在哪儿？Take the medicine after meals.饭后服药。2用于上文提到过，后面再次提到的人或事物。如：He lives with a local family.The family is not big.他跟当地的一户人家住在一起，这个家庭不大。3用在世界上独一无二的事物(太阳、月亮、地球、天空、世界、宇宙天体等)前。如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。注意：当这些名词前面有描绘性定语时，可加不定冠词。如：Look!A red sun is rising.瞧！一轮红日正在升起。4用在序数词或形容词最高级和部分比较级前。如：The first computer is the cheapest of the three.第一台电脑是三台中最便宜的。Tom is the taller of the two boys.汤姆是两个男孩中比较高的那个。5用在乐器名词前。如：play the piano/guitar/violin/drums弹钢琴/弹吉他/拉小提琴/打鼓6用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：The Smiths are fishing in the park.史密斯一家人/史密斯夫妇正在公园钓鱼。7与复数名词连用，指整个群体。如：They are the teachers of this school.他们就是这所学校的全体老师。(指学校中所有老师)They are teachers of this school.他们是这所学校的老师。(指学校中的部分老师)8用在形容词和单数名词前，表示某一类人或物。如：the young/rich/poor/sick/deaf/dead/wounded年轻人/富人/穷人/病人/聋人/死者/伤员the horse/computer 马/电脑(强调这一种东西)9用在由多个普通名词构成的党派、组织、机构等专有名词前或江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河、沙漠、报刊等专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城the United States 美国the United Nationsthe Summer Palace联合国颐和园the Yangtze River 长江10用在表示方向、方位的名词前。如：the east 东方the right 右边the west 西方the left 左边11用在世纪或逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代。如：in the 1970s 在 20 世纪 70 年代in the 18th century 在 18 世纪12用在某些习惯用语中。如：in the morning 在早上/上午in the end 在最后in the day 在白天in the middle of 在的中间all the time 一直by the way 顺便说说on the way 在路上hit sb.on the head 打某人的头注意：(1)当定冠词与 all,half,both,double 等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词应放在这些词之后。如：Look,all the books are here.瞧，所有的书都在这儿。(2)当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，需要放在这些词之后。如：The bed is three times the size of that one.这张床是那张床的三倍大。不用冠词的情况(零冠词)1在年、月、季节、星期、日期及某些节日前不用冠词。如：Its Sunday today.今天是星期天。He was born on June 12th,1999.他出生于 1999 年 6 月 12 日。Today is Mothers Day.今天是母亲节。It isnt so cold in winter in Guangzhou.广州的冬天没有那么冷。注意：(1)特指某年的季节或与 during 连用时用定冠词 the。如：in the winter of 2012 在 2012 年的冬天(2)节日如果用“Festival”则要加冠词，如果用“Day”则不用冠词。如：the Spring Festival 春节National Day 国庆节2在三餐、球类运动、棋类游戏和学科名称前不用冠词。如：I like playing badminton and chess.我喜欢打羽毛球和下国际象棋。What do you have for breakfast?你早餐吃什么？注意：三餐前如有形容词修饰时也要用冠词。如：After a quick breakfast,I went to school.我迅速吃了早餐就去上学了。3当用 by 表示乘坐某种交通工具时，中间不用冠词。如：by bus/train/bike/air乘公交车/乘火车/骑自行车/乘飞机4在一些固定短语中不用冠词。如：at home 在家at noon 在中午at night 在晚上on foot 步行by mistake 错误地on time 按时；准时in time 及时day and night 日日夜夜at work 在上班in class 在课堂上in surprise 吃惊地on show 展览go to school 去上学go to bed 上床睡觉注意：(1)序数词前面用定冠词与用不定冠词的区别：“the 序数词”表示“第几”；“a序数词”表示“又一，再一”。如：The cake is delicious,and I would like a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。(2)有些短语中，有冠词和无冠词的区别：()1.(2012 年广东)_Greens are preparing for thecoming Thanksgiving Day.A/BACAnDTheD “the姓氏的复数”表示一家人或夫妇，故选 D。()2.(2012 年广东广州)Is this _ book you weretalking about yesterday?Yes,thank you very much.A.aB.anC.theD./C “你们正在谈论的那本书”是特指，故选 C。()3.(2012 年广东佛山)Was _ maths exam whichwe took yesterday difficult?AaBtheCAnB 表示特指昨天参加的那个考试，故选 B。()4.(2012 年广东河源)Its _ nice day,isnt it?Yes,what _ fine weather!Aa;aCa;/Bthe;theDthe;/C day 是可数名词，表示“一个好天气”可用 a nice day;eweather 是不可数名词，故选 C。()5.(2012 年广东茂名)It was _ autumn eveningwhen they met each other at last.AaBanC/B evening 是可数名词，泛指“某一个”用不定冠词，且autumn 是以元音音素开头的单词，故选 B。()6.(2011 年广东)I really like _ book you lentme yesterday.AaBanCtheD/C 表示特指“你昨天借给我的”那本书，用定冠词 the。故选 C。()7.(2011 年广东清远)Her daughter began to play_ piano when she was five.Now shes very good at it.AanBaCtheD/C 表示演奏某种乐器时，乐器名称前要用定冠词 the，故选 C。()8.(2011 年广东佛山)In LA Lingling lived with_ Smiths and got on well with the host family.A.aBtheC/B “the姓氏复数”可以表示一家人或夫妇二人，故选 B。()9.(2011 年广东河源)Miss Liu wants to lose weight.Shejust has _ cup of milk for _ breakfast every day.Aa;theCthe;aBa;/Dthe;/B“一杯牛奶”的表达为 a cup of milk；三餐前不加冠词，故选 B。()10.(2011 年广东深圳)Do you know _ girlwho is standing under _ tree?Of course!She is Lucy,my classmate.Athe;theCa;/Ba;aD/;theA 表示特指“那个站在那棵树下的女孩”，用定冠词 the；那棵树也是特指，故用 the。()11.(2011 年广东茂名)I lost _ pen he gave meyesterday,but now Ive bought _ new one.A.a;theBthe;aCa;aB 第一空特指“昨天他给我的那支钢笔”，故用 the；第二空泛指“一支钢笔”，表示数量“一”，故用 a。()12.(2010 年广东)Dont talk to Simon like that.He is just_ eleven-year-old boy.A.aBanCtheD/B 题意：不要那样对西蒙说话，他只是一个 11 岁的小男孩。此处表示泛指，且后面 eleven-year-old 是以元音音素开头的单词，故选 B。()13.(2010 年广东湛江)What _ interestingcat it is!Yes,I like it very much.A.aBanCtheD/B根据题意“多么有趣的一只猫！”可知表示数量“一”，且 interesting 是以元音音素开头，故选 B。()14.(2010 年广东梅州)Its _ pleasure to see_ sun rising in _ east.A./;the;/Ca;the;theBa;/;/D/;the;theC第 一 空 考 查“Its a pleasure to do sth.”句 型，其 中pleasure 是抽象名词具体化，意为“一件愉快的事情”；第二空表示独一无二的事物，要用定冠词 the；第三空表示方位，用定冠词 the。故选 C。()15.(2010 年广东深圳)_ apple a day keepsthe doctor away!What do you mean?I have never heard of _saying before.AAn;aCA;theBAn;theDA;aB题意：“一天一个苹果，医生远离我(即身体好)。”“什么意思？我以前从没听说过这个谚语。”第一空表示数量“一个”，且 apple 是以元音音素开头，故用 an；第二空特指上面提到的那条谚语，要用定冠词 the。故选 B。()16.(2010 年广东茂名)In _ first photo,the manis playing _ guitar.A.the;theBthe;/Ca;aA 在序数词和表示乐器的名词前用定冠词 the。()17.(2010 年广东佛山)Lao She was a very famouswriter and even _ young like his works.A.theB/CaA 在形容词前加 the 表示这一类人。the young 年轻人。