岳云中学高三英语视导

2015年高考大纲中对于阅读理解的要求年高考大纲中对于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的文学作品、科普文章、公告、说要求考生读懂简易的文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章，并回答相关问题。考生应能：章，并回答相关问题。考生应能：、理解语篇和段落主旨大意；、理解语篇和段落主旨大意；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文提供的语境推断生词的词义；、根据上下文提供的语境推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和推理；、作出简单判断和推理；、理解文章的基本逻辑结构；、理解文章的基本逻辑结构；、理解作者的观点、意图和态度、理解作者的观点、意图和态度。猜测词义猜测词义 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考阅读理解中一种常考的题型。也是高考阅读理解中一种常考的题型。这类题型的考点包括对生词生义的推测、熟这类题型的考点包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、或者一些短语的引申意义，是考词生义的推测、或者一些短语的引申意义，是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词法。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。近几年的分布法。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。近几年的分布题量分布：题量分布：200920102011201220132014666863、67 695857、6167通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人使模糊，混淆，搅浑使模糊，混淆，搅浑v(2011湖南卷C篇)The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.67.The underlined word“divergence”in paragraph 4 means“_”.A.evolution B.exhibition C.separation D.examination 真题回顾真题回顾Cvbig potato vjohn vlady birdGuessvTom is a great man.Tom is treated as a big potato.a big potato大人物大人物johnvTim drank too much water last night,so he went to visit john twice.厕所厕所vDo you like a lady bird?It is not a kind of bird.It is a insect（昆虫).It can fly.its wings are red.It is very small.a lady bird瓢虫瓢虫构词法构词法Word formationTerritory can be defined as an area that an animal,usually the male,claims as its own.It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.In fact，only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today.(NMET 2005浙江浙江)牧羊人牧羊人1、Definition and explanation 根据定义或根据定义或上下文解释猜测词义；上下文解释猜测词义；豹猫豹猫 易碎的易碎的 领地，领域领地，领域定语从句或同位语；定语从句或同位语；小小 结结标点符号；标点符号；关键词关键词 be,be called,means,be defined as，refer to；有时还用有时还用 that is,or,that is to say,in other words等引出。等引出。v真题演练：真题演练：v(2013.课标课标卷，卷，C)The CRFs produce is green，made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.The Exotic Series-with Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆豆)，cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba,Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.v The words“chocolate snobs”in paragraphs 3 probably refer to people who .A.are particular about chocolate B.know little about cocoa beans C.look down upon others D.like to try new flavors2.Synonym and Antonym 根据同义词或反义词的关系根据同义词或反义词的关系猜测词义猜测词义 In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.Doctors believed that smoking cigarette is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.有害的有害的灌溉灌溉丰满的丰满的 由由and，or，like,as as,the same as等连接的两个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；小小 结结 He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.不好看的不好看的 天生的天生的混乱混乱 表转折关系的连词或副词，如表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等等；小小 结结v真题演练：真题演练：v The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result amazed all the scientists.v67.The underlined word“divergence”in paragraph 4 means“_”.A.evolution B.exhibition C.separation D.examination 3、Cause and Result 根据根据原因或结果关系猜测词义原因或结果关系猜测词义 The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.混浊的混浊的全神贯注的全神贯注的独断专行的独断专行的 常用常用because，as，due to,so，thus，as a result，,therefore 等表示等表示小小 结结v真题演练：真题演练：vThe homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads (陕西卷陕西卷)v In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a covering4.Comparison and Contrast 根据根据上下文中的上下文中的比较比较、对、对照照关关系猜测词义系猜测词义Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.脏的脏的节俭的节俭的收缩收缩 常见的关系词常有常见的关系词常有but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，on the other hand,in contrast,on the contrary等。等。小小 结结v真题演练：真题演练：v(2012.大纲大纲卷，卷，D)Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twiceThe Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital,Addis Ababa,is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroomA team from the Museum of National Science in Houston,Texas,spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.Stour,which will start in Houston next September.v What do the words“a replica”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.A painting of the skeleton.B.A photograph of Lucy.C.A copy of the skeleton.D.A written record of Lucy.5、举例归纳法、举例归纳法 Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置 常用常用such as,like，for example,for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义。小小 结结When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.波纹波纹,涟漪涟漪 颤抖颤抖症状症状 6、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。v真题演练：真题演练：v（福建卷）（福建卷）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO7.7.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义Tom cant find Tom cant find his his sneakers.sneakers.C.shoesC.shoesTom cant find his Tom cant find his white white sneakerssneakersTom cant play tennis now because Tom cant play tennis now because he he cant find his white cant find his white sneakerssneakers.A.moneyA.moneyB.bowlsB.bowlsLions are opportunists.They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.By describing lions as“opportunist”in the paragraph,the author means to say that lions_.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animals C.like to take advantage of other animals D.like to take every chance to eat 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是讲的就是对对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。常识常识构词构词法法对对比比转转折折因因果果关关系系重复重复信息信息举例举例归纳归纳定义、定义、同位、同位、标点符号标点符号猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?小试身手4.Although the hazards of the trip were many-for example,the unbearable heat,the lack of water,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes-Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.A)pleasures B)conveniences C)dangers D)equipment 5.Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”Homework1.Go over what we learned in this period.2.Finish the given exercises on guessing meanings.