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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。之间不能用逗号隔开。The man who came here yesterday has come again.关系副词关系副词when和和why用于引导限制用于引导限制性定语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中性定语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中可以省去，但是可以省去，但是where通常不可以省去。通常不可以省去。如：如：a.Be sure to call on us next time(when)you come to town.b.This is one of the reasons(why)you may like to eat it.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：a.Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through these years,was murdered on April 14,1865.b.He sent a special governor,a man named Gessler,who would rule with a firm hand.c.He lives in another town,which is only about an hours ride from here.d.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.e.They set up a separate state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.注意注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用可用that，指人时用，指人时用who(主语主语),whom(宾语宾语)，指物时须用指物时须用which.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译法上 译成先行词的定语：“的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom Practice A请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从请区分出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句句，那些是非限制性定语从句：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.China is a country which has a long history.1.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.Practice B区分下列几组句子的不同含义：区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）她还有其他哥哥。）她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）她只有一个哥哥。）.All the books that have pictures in them are well written.All the books,which have pictures in them,are well written.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：（意含：没有不带插图的书。）没有不带插图的书。）Exercises A 1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereDB3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、in whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichBExercises B1、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA2、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB3、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D4、I，_ you good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC6、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB7、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD8、They have decided to finish their work,_,I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC11、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC12、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC13、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB
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