现在完成时专题

现在完成时专题现在完成时（一）一实际意义及用法1.实际意义现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的_/_,或者过去的动作或状态对现在造成的_或_。2用法1）现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)Ihavespentallofmymoney.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)2）现在完成时的未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.(含义是:我病了，还可能要病几天.)=Maryhasbeenillsincethreedaysago.练习：用since和for填空1)_twoyears 2)_twoyearsago 3)_lastmonth4)_1999 5)_yesterday 6)_4oclock7)_4hours 8)_anhourago 9)_wewerechildren10)_lunchtime 11)_shelefthere1.HehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast.2.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears. 4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_abouttenyears.5.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.二一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,from.on,-具体的过去时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（对）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的) ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).（是团员的状态可持续)练习：认真琢磨，细心选择(体会现在完成时和一般过去时的区别)。1.Where_you_,John?Imlookingforyoueverywhere.A.have;been B.havebeento C.have;gone D.did;goto2.Howlong_yourfather_Shanghai? A.did;come B.has;goto C.has;beento D.has;beenin3.I_mywatchinmybedroomyesterday. A.left B.forgot C.haveforgotten D.haveleft4.Shehasworkedinthefactory_. A.sincethreeyearsago B.for1999 C.sincein1999 D.sincethreeyears三现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(1)现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作：Ihavereadthebook.我读过这本书。结构是：_(助动词)+_(过去分词)Ihavebeenreadingthebook.我一直在读这本书。结构是：_(助动词)+_(be过去分词)+_(现在分词)(2)现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时：HehaslivedinParis.他(一直)住在巴黎。HehasbeenlivinginParis.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性) (3)现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩：Ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实) Ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)【练习】1.Youknow,I_(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformal(正式的)interview. 2.Mysister_(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear. 3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe_(play)inthemud(泥土)allthemorning.4.I_(wonder想知道)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon. 5.Hereheis!We_(wait)anxiously(焦急的)forhimsincelastnight.四英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1、持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。2、瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop, open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1） 用意思相当的持续性动词来替换Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他参军已有3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用hasleft常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobeaway2、comebehere3、comebackbeback4、leavebeaway（benothere）5、buyhave6、borrowkeep7、diebedead8、beginbeon9、finishbeover10、openbeopen11、closebeclosed12、losebelost13、gettoknowknow14、turnbeon15、getupbeup16、sitdownsit/beseated17、joinbein（）或beamember18、becomebe【练习】：延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago. 2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago. -He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours. 6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour. 9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour. 10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.五综合练习（一）用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since,before填空1.Ihave_seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool_tenyears.4.“Haveyou_seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave_seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_?”“Yes,ithas_left.”6.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.7.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.8、HaveyoumetMrLi_(以前）？（二）时态练习1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_（know)whatshappenedtohim.2、Ourcountry_(change)alotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_(good). 3、ZhaoLan_already_(study)inthisschoolfortwoyears.4、We_(know)XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.5、_you_(do)yourhomeworkyet?Yes.I_(finish)itamomentago. 6、Hisfather_(join/bein)thePartysince1978.7、Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_(be/become)friendssincetenyearsago.8、Howlonghaveyou_(be/arrive)here?Abouttwomonths.9、Hurryup!Theplay_(begin/beon)fortenminutes.10、Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_（leave/beaway)for20minutes.11、She_(live)hereeversinceshewasten. 12、Bothofthem_(be)inHongkongfortendays.13、Bothofthem_(come)toHongkongtendaysago.14、Halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leave). 15、-Areyouthirsty?-NoI_just_(have)someorange.16、Myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.17、I_(buy)abookjustnow. 18、I_(lost)mywatchyesterday.19、Myfather_(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.20、Ihavebeentherefortwodays.(划线提问）_you_? 21、Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.(提问)_yourfather _ 22、Helefthereyesterday.(划线提问）_he_?23、Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.(划线提问）_they_abook4