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UNIT EIGHTUNIT EIGHTInsurance and Financial Insurance and Financial CooperationCooperationObjectivesBusiness vocabulary insuranceBusiness focus car insuranceBusiness writing choosing insurance company 1.Background Information2.Introduction to the Text3.Business Terms 4.Words and Expressions5.Notes to the TextText A Characteristics of Insurable Risks The primary function of insurance is to act as risk transfer mechanism.Insurance will not,in itself,prevent any of risks from occurring but what it will do is provide some form of financial security.We know that there must be limits on the availability of this risk transfer mechanism.It is necessary to have some ideas of what can and cannot be insured.Rather than list the events themselves,we will note the characteristics or nature of insurable risks.There is one caveat which should be made at this point:it is not possible,or indeed wise,to be dogmatic about these classifications of insurable risk.The world of business is not a static environment.It changes to adjust to circumstances as they are perceived,and what may be an uninsurable risk to day could very well be insurable tomorrow.1.Background Information1.Background Information Theme of the TextTheme of the Text Text A mainly illustrates the characteristics of an insurable risk.Insurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities in order to pay for relatively uncommon but severely devastating losses which can occur to these entities.The insured entities are therefore protected from risk for a fee,with the fee being dependent upon the frequency and severity of the event occurring.In order to be insurable,the risk insured against must meet certain characteristics in order to be an insurable risk.2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the Text本商务语篇为说明文体。本商务语篇为说明文体。作为一种最为普及的、使用最广泛的风险管理手段，保险不能将各作为一种最为普及的、使用最广泛的风险管理手段，保险不能将各种风险通通予以承保，这概念有理论上的限制，也存在着保险经营种风险通通予以承保，这概念有理论上的限制，也存在着保险经营理念、手段和经营方法上的限制。对于客观存在的大量的风险，只理念、手段和经营方法上的限制。对于客观存在的大量的风险，只有符合一定条件，才能成为保险经营的风险。本文准确、简明的描有符合一定条件，才能成为保险经营的风险。本文准确、简明的描述了可保风险的七大主要特征并且运用大量的保险专业术语使文章述了可保风险的七大主要特征并且运用大量的保险专业术语使文章趋于高度的专业化。趋于高度的专业化。情态动词以及限定性动词的运用，使文章更为严谨带有明显的情态动词以及限定性动词的运用，使文章更为严谨带有明显的说明文特征。这样的词语如文中第四段中多次运用的说明文特征。这样的词语如文中第四段中多次运用的“should”“should”，第五段、第六段中的，第五段、第六段中的“must”“must”，以及第六段中出，以及第六段中出现的现的“can”“can”都是带有明显说明文特征的语篇标记。这些情态都是带有明显说明文特征的语篇标记。这些情态动词都使用在肯定句中，表达了命题句中的语气特征，其中动词都使用在肯定句中，表达了命题句中的语气特征，其中“must”“must”比比“can”“can”情态值高，说明了可保风险必须具备的必情态值高，说明了可保风险必须具备的必要条件。但在第八段作者在描述保险公司的行为时用了低值情要条件。但在第八段作者在描述保险公司的行为时用了低值情态动词态动词“may”“may”，说明在不同条件及社会发展的前提下对保险，说明在不同条件及社会发展的前提下对保险公司的可能性判断，使文章语言更为严谨。公司的可能性判断，使文章语言更为严谨。文体文体特征特征分析分析2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the Text In probability theory,the law of large numbers(LLN)is a theorem that describes the result of performing the same experiment a large number of times.According to the law,the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value,and will tend to become closer as more trials are performed.The Law of large numbers 大数定律大数定律 3.Business Terms 3.Business Terms The practice of insurers transferring portions of risk portfolios to other parties by some form of agreement in order to reduce the likelihood of having to pay a large obligation resulting from an insurance claim.The intent of reinsurance is for an insurance company to reduce the risks associated with underwritten policies by spreading risks across alternative institutions.Reinsurance 再保险再保险3.Business Terms3.Business Terms (1)ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressionsan insured entityInsurance involves pooling funds from many insured entities(known as exposures)in order to pay for relatively uncommon but severely devastating losses which can occur to these entities.保险是通过汇集多个风险单位的资金来支付发生在他们身上的罕见但严重的灾难所带来的损失。ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions 4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsThe defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy 这次失败被视为我们外交上的重大挫折。这次失败被视为我们外交上的重大挫折。(4)constitute/knstitju:t/v.4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsThat was the real trigger for the strike.这是引起这次罢工的真正导火索。这是引起这次罢工的真正导火索。4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions这个老板把他的全部财产都投到那个投机事业中。这个老板把他的全部财产都投到那个投机事业中。(6)speculative/spekju,ltiv/adj.4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions(7)constrain/knstrein/v.ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions (8)syndicate/sindikit/v.ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions 解析解析 本句是分词作状语的复合句。5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 Be similar to 意为“resembling sth but not the same与相似，与类似，”例如：Then take a look at the cost of construction in China.The price of steel and cement may be similar to the UK.看看中国的建设成本会发现，钢铁和水泥的价格和英国相差无几。5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 释义释义 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 本句为并列复合句。while引导的转折从句中cost为主语，has more to do with是谓语，the ability of a reasonable person 是宾语，in possession of引导的介词短语作为后置定语修饰person，其中presented under that policy作claim的后置定语；to引导的介词短语作为目的状语，其中recoverable as a result of the claim为loss的后置定语。In possession of 意为“have something 拥有，占有”例如：She was found in possession of stolen goods.她被发现藏有被盗物品。释义释义 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text1.Background Information2.Introduction to the Text3.Business Terms 4.Words and Expressions5.Notes to the TextText B Challenges of Insurance Companies Challenges are mounting for insurers.Increased pressure for profitability translates into a hard look at cost reduction and top-line revenue growth.Profitability is linked to the ability to accurately assess risk and manage customer relationships over time to achieve financial success.Insurers recognize that in order to respond to these pressures,they need to eliminate inefficient back-office processing functions.Another priority is improving the quality of service to the distribution channel.As agents have more choice in choosing carriers,they are looking to align with an organization that makes it easy to conduct business,pays commission on a timely basis and reduces the time to process business.1.Background Information1.Background Information Theme of the TextTheme of the Text Text B discusses the challenges insurance companies face.There are a number of risks that insurance companies face but the largest and most obvious of these is the risk for underwriting losses.It therefore must be understood that careless management of risks could well cost an insurance company its survival.2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the Text本文是一篇商业评论本文是一篇商业评论。作为以营利为目的的商业单位，保险公司也面临着各种各样的风险。作为以营利为目的的商业单位，保险公司也面临着各种各样的风险。其中最为明显也最为严重的就是承保所带来的风险损失。所以在决其中最为明显也最为严重的就是承保所带来的风险损失。所以在决定承保范围及探测风险的时候，保险人要格外的慎重。本文分析了定承保范围及探测风险的时候，保险人要格外的慎重。本文分析了保险公司所面临的风险及其形成的原因，并明确指出如果不认真妥保险公司所面临的风险及其形成的原因，并明确指出如果不认真妥善的管理风险，保险公司很有可能以破产告终。善的管理风险，保险公司很有可能以破产告终。文章语言通俗形象。除多次使用形象动词如第一段的文章语言通俗形象。除多次使用形象动词如第一段的“screen”,第二段的第二段的“surface”,第三段的第三段的“cushion”及第及第四段的四段的“balloon”此外，作者还运用了比喻的修辞手法使文章此外，作者还运用了比喻的修辞手法使文章易于理解易于理解.文体文体特征特征分析分析2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the TextMortality tables are one of the main tools for the life insurance industry.Mortality tables are mathematically complex grids of numbers that show the probability of mortality,or death,for members of a certain population within a defined period of time.Mortality tables are crucial to the life insurance industry and also are used by the U.S.Social Security Administration.Mortality Table 生命表生命表3.Business Terms 3.Business Terms Unlike typical insurance coverage plans,self-funded insurance,also known as self-insured coverage or self-insurance,is contained largely within the company.The company collects premiums from its employees through payroll deduction.The money is then kept in an internal pool,and claims payments come from that pool.The theory behind self-insurance is that if the company can do all of the administration on its own,it can save money that would normally go to an insurance company.Self-Insured Medical Plans 私营医疗保险 3.Business Terms 3.Business Terms approve/pru:v/v.4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsThe committee may approve,revise,kill or ignore any measure referred to it.委员会可以批准、修订、否定或驳回交它处理的任何议案。(2)screen/skri:n/v.ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsThe applications were carefully screened in case any of them contained false information.仔细审查了所有的申请资料以防弄虚作假。(3)incur/ink:/v.ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsAdverse selection could cause insurance companies to incur extraordinary losses or it could boost insurance premium to levels that would be unaffordable for many people.逆向选择可能给保险公司带来巨大的损失，或者会使保险公司把保费提高到许多人不能支付的程度。(4)aversion/v:n/n.ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsHe took an immediate aversion to his new boss.他对新老板一见就反感。ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and ExpressionsRolls-Royce has a skilled team adept at meeting the challenges of crafting the finest cars for the most discerning customers.劳斯莱斯拥有一支高素质的团队，有能力面对“为最有洞察力的客户打造最完美的汽车”的挑战。ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions再保险人会承担其他保险公司的部分风险。ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text1.Background Information2.Introduction to the Text3.Business Terms 4.Words and Expressions5.Notes to the TextText C Accidents Happen:Get the Most from Your Car Insurance Claim A Car insurance policy is a safe guard for consumers that shields private passenger carrying automotive vehicle owners from monetary losses if a vehicle they own is involved in any type of accident.An agreement,contract,or policy formed when a consumer and an insurance company establish specific protections involving vehicle ownership.Consumers agree to allocate funds call premiums and the insurance company agrees to provide benefits that cover setbacks from an accident involving a vehicle.Damages can include property,physical injury,medical treatments,or death as established in the car insurance policy.1.Background Information1.Background Information Theme of the TextTheme of the Text Text C focus on car insurance.Based on the functions of car insurance,some tips are provided for readers to get all the information you need to file a claim from the company who insures your car in case of accidents.2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the Text机动车辆难以避免的意外事故和自然灾害侵袭都可能给企业和个人机动车辆难以避免的意外事故和自然灾害侵袭都可能给企业和个人带来不小的经济损失，而避免这种局面，求得企业和个人经济稳定带来不小的经济损失，而避免这种局面，求得企业和个人经济稳定的最好办法，就是参加机动车辆保险。对于参加保险的机动车辆发的最好办法，就是参加机动车辆保险。对于参加保险的机动车辆发生事故和意外，保险公司将依照保险条款承担保险责任。而一旦保生事故和意外，保险公司将依照保险条款承担保险责任。而一旦保险事故发生，很多人在慌乱、不知所措的情况下会遗漏很多能够进险事故发生，很多人在慌乱、不知所措的情况下会遗漏很多能够进行索赔的信息。本文从行索赔的信息。本文从“应该应该”与与“不应该不应该”两个方面总结了风险两个方面总结了风险事故发生后的注意事项及采取的措施，引导读者能够更快更有效的事故发生后的注意事项及采取的措施，引导读者能够更快更有效的处理事故并获得向保险公司提出索赔的所有信息。从而从索赔中获处理事故并获得向保险公司提出索赔的所有信息。从而从索赔中获得最多补偿，保障了投保人的权益避免进一步的损失。得最多补偿，保障了投保人的权益避免进一步的损失。文体文体特征特征分析分析2.Introduction to the Text2.Introduction to the Text文章结构清晰，语言简练、准确，行文简洁，带有明显文章结构清晰，语言简练、准确，行文简洁，带有明显的说明文特征。文章多使用祈使句来劝告、叮嘱、建议的说明文特征。文章多使用祈使句来劝告、叮嘱、建议读者做或不做一件事。为保证提供全面的信息，作者多读者做或不做一件事。为保证提供全面的信息，作者多次使用括号来补充信息说明，如文章的第三段，使说明次使用括号来补充信息说明，如文章的第三段，使说明更为严谨。更为严谨。In law and economics,insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent,uncertain loss.Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss,from one entity to another,in exchange for payment.An insurer is a company selling the insurance;an insured or policyholder is the person or entity buying the insurance policy.The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage,called the premium.Insurance rate 保险费率保险费率 3.Business Terms 3.Business Terms 保险费率，是每一保险金额单位与应缴纳保险费的比率。保险费率是保险人用以计算保险费的标准。保险人承保一笔保险业务，用保险金额乘以保险费率就得出该笔业务应收取的保险费。计算保险费的影响因素有保险金额、保险费率及保险期限，以上三个因素均与保险费成正比关系，即保险金额越大，保险费率越高，或保险期限越长，则应缴纳的保险费就越多。其中任何一个因素的变化，都会引起保险费的增减变动。保险金额单位一般为1000元或100元，所以保险费率通常用千分率或百分率来表示。Insurance rate 保险费率保险费率 3.Business Terms 3.Business Terms erefeeling confused,embarrassed,or nervous,especially because you have too much to do or too little time to do something4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere你对这次意外事件的描述与另一位证人不同。4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions 4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions （5）ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions ere4.Words and Expressions4.Words and Expressions(9)turn out to be 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the Text 解析解析 5.Notes to the Text5.Notes to the T
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