M9U4Grammar长难句分析课堂PPT

Grammar and usageAnalysis of complicated sentences2Description：The grammar item in this unit focuses on how to analyze complicated sentences.This lesson will help students revise what simple sentences,compound sentences,complex sentences and complex-compound sentences are and their structures.3What makes a sentence?is what the sentence is about.tells us something about the subject and always include a verb.SubjectPredicate4Identify the subjects and the predicates of the following sentences.1)We will have an exam next week.2)The hunter got lost in the jungle 3)Islam was started about 1400 year ago by a man called Muhammad.SSSPPP5Members of sentencesTo be specific,the members of sentences include:S(subject 主语主语)P (predicate or predicate verb 谓语或谓语动词谓语或谓语动词O(object 宾语）宾语）C(complement 补语补语)A(attribute 定语定语)A(adverbial 状语状语)A(appositive 同位语同位语).6Study the sentences and find out how many subjects and predicates each sentence has.1)The guest has just arrived.2)Mr.Black is English.3)Mr.Black is a doctor.4)She picked a flower.5)The teacher taught us a new song.6)Parents should encourage their children to get close to nature.7五种基本句型五种基本句型主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词SV Everybody smiled.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 SVO He knows everything.3.主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语【SVOO I showed him my passport.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 SVP The boy looks healthy.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语 SVOC What made you angry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉祈使句的主语一般都省略掉（一）（一）simple sentence structure:subject+predicate8Identify the sentence patterns 1)The guest has just arrived.2)Mr.Black is English.3)Mr.Black is a doctor.4)She picked a flower.5)The teacher taught us a new song.6)Parents should encourage their children to get close to nature.SVSVPSVPSVOSVOOSVOC97)Its meaning can be different from the meanings of its components.8)In April 2005,India and China made a plan towork together to build a new India-style Pagoda west of the White Horse Temple.SVPSVO10Put the following words into sentences 1)turned trees green.(SVP)2)the car in the end stopped (SV)3)the left the open visitor gate (SVOC)4)is,looking for,he,his glasses(SVO)5)my birthday me friend a present gave (SVOO)Trees turned green.The car stopped in the end.The visitor left the gate open.He is looking for his glasses.My friend gave me a birthday present.11Study the sentences and find out how they are different from simple sentences.1）There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bible.2)By and by now means before long,but in the Bible,it was used to mean immediately.3）Take a map with you,and you will find your way easily.124）Take a map with you,or youll get lost.5）Nobody answered the door,so I left.6）Some people have everything while others have none.7）Not only did he believe the story but also he persuaded others to believe it.13（二）（二）compound sentence Structure:subject+predicate+and/but/or/for +subject+predicate 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来，连接起来，则成为一个并列句。则成为一个并列句。14常用并列连词常用并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)and,bothand,not only but(also),neither.noror.,eitherorbut,while,however,yet,whereasso,therefore,for(for对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因，只能置于句末)15Combine the two simple sentences1)Pure salt will not lose its flavour.Impure salt will lose its flavour.(but)2)Idioms are an important part of language.They are used in everything from literature to films and newspapers.(and)3)Would you like to hand in another paper?Shall I give you an F?(or)1.Pure salt will not lose its flavour but impure salt will(lose its flavour).2.Idioms are an important part of language and they are used in everything from literature to films and newspapers.3.Would you like to hand in another paper or shall I give you an F?164)The day breaks.The birds are singing.(for)5)He studied hard.He got high marks.(thus)6)Think it over.You will find a way out.(and)7)This problem is very important.It is difficult to solve.(Not only but also)The day breaks,for the birds are singing.He studied hard,thus he got high marks.Think it over and you will find a way out.Not only is this problem very important but also it is difficult to solve.17Compare the following two sentences and tell the structures of them.An idiom is a group of words or an expression.1)and the meaning of the expression 2)whose meaningoften cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it.18more examples:1)Unless you recognize when an idiom is being used,you can easily misunderstand the meaning of a sentence.2）The text goes on to say that if salt loses its flavour,then it should be thrown away,meaning that if you are not honest,then you are worth nothing.(Underlined part serves as the adverbial.)(Both of the underlined parts serve as objects.)19（三）（三）complex sentenceStructure:main clause+subordinate clauseBy the time he arrived,1we had already left.2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句从句主句主句20在复合句中，主要包含以下类型在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句从句：1.名词性从句名词性从句 2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：1.宾语从句宾语从句 2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句21指出下列各从句的类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句状语从句定语从句22He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。I still remember the day.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.23请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句状语从句复合句。vIll give the letter to him.I see him.(时间状语从句)vHe didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因状语从句)vIt is such a big box.Nobody can move it.(结果状语从句)vWell go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件状语从句)vWe should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步状语从句)24vIll give the letter to him when I see him.vHe didnt come yesterday because he was ill.vIt is such a big box that nobody can move it.vWell go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.vAlthough the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.有下划线的词叫从属连词从属连词 (subordinating conjunction)25请用所学知识改正下列病句请用所学知识改正下列病句v My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping.We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping,so we didnt want to wake her up.v I went to bed.Because I was tired.I went to bed because I was tired.26典型例句：典型例句：An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning often cannot be understand by looking at the meanings of the separate words in it.2.The story behind the temple is that one night in the year AD 64,the Emperor Mingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty dreamt of a golden man flying over the Palace.3.Its said that if you stand about 20 metres away from the pagoda and clap your hands,you will hear the sounds repeated and multiplied from the roof so that it sounds like frogs croaking.27（四）（四）complex-compound sentenceStructure:the simple sentence+and/but/or +the complex sentence 典型例句典型例句 At the time of their arrival,there was no Buddhism temple in Luoyang or any other place in China,so the emperor invited the monks to stay at the Honglu Si,or the Honglu Temple,which the emperor used as a guesthouse for foreign visitors.28Conclusion The general structure of sentences:the simple sentence:subject+predicate the compound sentence:subject+predicate+and/but/or/for+subject+predicate the complex sentence:main clause+subordinate clause the complex-compound sentence:the simple sentence+and/but/or +the complex sentence29句型构成例示分析长的简单句一个主语和谓语Islam was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad.主语：Islam谓语：was started about 1,400 years ago by a man called Muhammad并列句由两个或两个以上分句，由并列连词and,or,but,for连接。Honey is sweet,but the bee stings.分句一：Honey is sweet 分句二：the bee stings 连接词：but复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成Soon came the news that Germany has declared war on Russia.主句：Soon came the news从句：that Germany has declared war on Russia(同位语从句)复合并列句并列部分和从属部分同时用在一个句子中He shouted to attract our attention and asked us if we had won the previous days match.并列部分：He shouted to attract our attention and asked从句：if we had won the previous days match 30That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species was first discovered by Paster,who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use.（一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以应用到医疗上去。）That a microorganism is capable of destroying one of another species（主语从句）was discovered first and by Pasteur who pointed out that this might be put to therapeutic use（非限制性定语从句修饰Paster.，内含that 引导的宾语从句）主语：主语：谓语：谓语：状语状语：从句：从句：Practice(1):31Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures,she yet remained so cheerful and confident,eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.（她受过重刑，而且有病，可她却这样愉快，这样充满了信心，这样用尽她所剩的力量来帮助其他同志。）she remained so cheerful and confident eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.(表示伴随状态)；ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman tortures.(让步状语从句,两处状语均用来修饰谓语。)主语：主语：谓语：谓语：状语状语：32The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.（目前的问题是，很多人把努一把力能做到的事看成是做不到的。）the present question is+that 引导的表语从句在表语从句中：在表语从句中：a.主语：b.谓语：c.复合宾语：d.状语从句：主语：主语：谓语：谓语：many peopleconsiderimpossible what is really possibleif effort is made 331Mr.Smith will move into his new house next Sunday,_ it will be completely finished.A.on that timeB.by which time C.on which D.by the time2 In the book,Newton is shown as a gifted Scientist who stood at the point in history _ magic ended and science began.A.whereB.when C.that D.whichPractice(2):343The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A.whenB.where C.which D.whose4In an hour,we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A.what B.when C.which D.what 355Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened?A.where;thatB.which;that C.that;whereD.where;which6The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationship with real-life people.A.thatB.when C.in whichD.on which367Look at the watch.Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day?A.as the same;as B.the same;as C.the same;whichD.as the same;that8You should put the dictionary _ you can find it easily.A.where B.the place C.the place on which D.what9She said to me,“Ill tell you the result of test_ I know it.”A.because B.the moment C.after D.though3710Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water_ they are not managed carefully.A.though B.until C.before D.if11Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than 10,000 years ago.A.this is AlaskaB.Alaska is now C.is now Alaska D.what is now Alaska3812Doing your homework is a way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true _ it _ classroom tests.A.before;gets B.as;makes C.since;takesD.when;comes to13When he reads books,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A.thereB.wherever C.the place D.in which3914If the way _ you do the job is wrong,you will surely fail _ good your idea may be.A.how;howeverB./;however C.that;whatever D.in which;how15She must have gone out early,_ she had not shown up at breakfast.A.becauseB.since C.for D.therefore16_,she knows the city very well.A.As she is blind B.As blind she is C.Blind as she is D.She is as blind4017I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed some medical treatment.A.so thatB.in case C.for fear ofD.though18These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A.except thatB.in which C.in that D.so that