圣经与西方文化课件

Basic Facts about the BibleA very brief introductionvTrue or False?vAmong all the religions,Christianity(基督教)has the largest number of adherents.()vChristianity and Catholicism(天主教)are different religious groups.()vThe Bible is only one book.()vThe Bible consists of two parts,that is,Old Testament and New Testament.()vBoth the two parts are considered holy to both Christians and Jews.()vProtestants(新教徒)and Roman Catholics(天主教徒)use the same version of the Old Testament.()vBesides stories,the Bible also includes many other forms of literature.()Major Religions of the WorldRanked by Number of Adherents(figures shown are approximate estimates)1.Christianity 基督教2.1 billion 2.Islam伊斯兰教 1.5 billion3.Non-religious无宗教者 1.1 billion4.Hinduism 印度教 900 million5.Chinese traditional religion中国传统宗教 394 million6.Buddhism 佛教 376 million7.primal-indigenous 土著信仰300million8.Sikhism锡克教 23 million9.Judaism犹太教14 millionBranches of ChristianityvChristianity:the religion of all Christians.vThere are three major branches of Christianity:the Roman Catholic Church(天主教),the Eastern Orthodox Churches(东正教)and Protestant Churches（新教）.vOrthodox adj (esp religion 尤用於宗教)following the older,more traditional,practices strictly 正统的;传统的;循规蹈矩的:orthodox Jews 正统的犹太教徒.vCatholic adj 1.including many or most things;general;universal 包罗万象的;广泛的;普遍的:have catholic tastes,interests,views,etc 广泛的爱好 兴趣 意见等.v2.(technical)connected with all Christians or the whole Christian ChurchvProtestant n,adj(member)of any of the Christian bodies that separated from the Church of Rome in the 16th century,or of their branches formed later 新教徒（指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或後来由其形成的教派成员）;新教（徒）的Basic Facts about the BiblevThe Bible:sacred,holy writings of the Christian religionva book that can be found almost anywhere on the earth.vtranslated into more than 2000 different languages and dialects.vthe worlds most popular book.vEvery year more copies of the Bible are sold than any other publication.the number of sales is increasing.Basic Facts about the BiblevTill December 31,2008,the Bible has been translated into 2479 languages.vIn 2008,28,448,325 copies of the Bible were sold.Where is the Bible Available?vPaper copy:in churchesvElectronic form:on the InternetvMany different English translationsvKJV:King James Version（Authorized Version）詹姆斯王本圣经，英文钦定译本vSimple,beautiful,dignified and powerful language,praised as“the noblest monument of English prose”英语散文的纪念碑vEarly Modern English,早期現代英文 different grammar and words,difficult to understandOrigin of the Word“Bible”vBible:Language:Old French;Origin:Medieval Latin biblia,from Greek,plural of biblion bookvTherefore“bible”means a collection of books.v图书馆 bibliotheque,bibliothekvBibliography 书目When was the Bible written?vThe Bible:one of the worlds oldest books.vThe oldest book was written about 1500 B.C.or earlier.The last was written about A.D.100.vThe Bible was written over a period of at least 1500 years.vBC=before Christ used after a date to show that it was before the birth of Christ 公元前vAD=Anno Domini(in the year of our Lord.)used to show that a date is a particular number of years after the birth of Christ 公元.年 vC.E.AmE Common Era used after a date to show it was after the birth of Christ=AD vB.C.E.AmE before common era used after a date to show that it is before the birth of Christ vSound less religious,criticized Cristo Redentor or Christ the Redeemer.Rio de Janeiro,BrazilAuthors of the BiblevClearly,the Bible was not written by one person.Why?vIt was written over a period of about 1600 years.vIt is estimated there were about forty authors from different walks of life.vShepherdsvKingsvFishermenvPeasantsvDoctorsvTax-collectorsvThey came from Asia,Europe and Africa.vDirectly or indirectly the authors assert that what they were writing really came from God.Components of the BiblevThe Bible is comprised of 66 books with two major divisions:the Old Testament(39 books)and the New Testament(27 books).The Old TestamentvWell before the time of Christ the Jews had already finished assembling the divinely inspired writings of the Hebrews.It is a collection of 39 books.vThe Old Testament:also called the Jewish Bible or Hebrew Bible.It is part of the Bible that is holy to the Jewish religion.vMost of it was originally written in Hebrew,the language of the ancient Jewish people.The Old Testament 39 booksvAll written before Jesus came.v1400-400 B.C.v“Testament”means“covenant or agreement”vThe Old Covenant is an agreement that God made with the nation of IsraelvThe Old Testament was written in Hebrew the language of IsraelModern Map of Same AreaThe New TestamentvFollowing Christs life on earth,additional sacred books were written.vSome of these books record historical events pertaining to Christ and His early followers.vOthers are letters written to explain Christs teaching or to encourage the followers of Christ to practice the moral principles He taught.vThere are 27 books in this later collection.vTogether they form the New Testament.vThe New Testament is holy only to Christians.The Old Testament 39 booksvAll written 400 years before Jesus birthv1400-400 B.C.v“Testament”means“covenant or agreement”vThe Old Covenant is an agreement that God made with the nation of ISRAELvThe Old Testament was written in Hebrew the language of IsraelvAll written AFTER his deathv48-65 A.D.vThe New Covenant is an agreement that God has made for ALL NATIONSvThe New Testament was written in GreekThe New Testament 27 booksComposition of the Old Testament(Literary Styles found in the Old Testament)The Old Testament has four major divisions:(1)the Law-5 books;(2)History-12 books;(3)Poetry-5 books;and,(4)Prophecy-17 books.Torah noun(usually the Torah)(in Judaism)the law of God as given to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Bible 律法，圣经旧约之首五卷,摩西五书 Babylonian Exile:巴比伦之囚 Composition of the New Testament(Literary Styles Found in the New Testament)vSimilarly,the New Testament has four major divisions:v(1)the Gospels-4 books;vGospel:a Greek word for“good news”福音书 vthe life and teaching of Jesus耶稣生平及其教导 v(2)the Acts of the Apostles-1 book;vApostle：any of the twelve men sent out by Christ to spread his teaching 使徒（基督为宣传他的教导而派出的十二位门徒之一）.v(3)the Epistles-21 books;vepistle n letter 书信:v(4)the Revelation of the Lord Jesus Christ-1 book.v启示录Differences in the BiblesvThe version of the Old Testament used by Roman Catholics is the Jewish Bible with some other books and additions to the books.vThe version of the Old Testament used by Protestants is limited to the 39 books of the Jewish Bible.vThe other books and additions to the books are called the Apocrypha(伪经、后典)by Protestants.Genesis1.The Story of the CreationThe Creation of the WorldvAccording to Genesis,the first book of the Bible,God created the world in six days.The First DayvGod first created light.vHe said,“Let there be light”,and there was light.vGod divided the light from the darkness and made day and night.The Second DayvGod divided the sky from the earth,and put one on top of the other.vGod said Let there be an expanse to separate water from water vGod called the expanse sky.expanse n (of sth)wide and open area(of land,sea,etc)（陆地 海洋等的）广阔的区域:the blue expanses of the sky 广阔的蓝天.The Third DayvGod gathered all the water together to make the seas,so that dry land appeared.vHe made grass grow on the land,plants give seeds and trees bear fruit.The Fourth Day vGod spent the fourth day creating the sun,the moon and stars to shine in the sky.The Fifth DayvGod devoted the fifth day to the creation of sea animals and birds flying in the sky.The Sixth DayvGod made land animals and human beings.The Seventh DayvGod stopped working and made the day holy,because he had a rest on the day.vReserving a day for rest and worship,the Sabbath(安息日),became one of the Ten Commandments(Exodus 20:8-11).vThere is more to life than just work.Genesis2.The Story of Adam and EvevGen 2:7 the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life,and the man became a living being.vthe Garden of Eden.trees with delicious fruit vRight in the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.“vThen,vGen 2:15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.vGen 2:16 And the LORD God commanded the man,You are free to eat from any tree in the garden;vGen 2:17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,for when you eat of it you will surely die.“vThen God saw that Adam was lonely.God put Adam into a deep sleep and took one of his ribs and formed it into a woman to be Adams wife.Adam named her“Eve”.vQuestions:v1.Do women have more ribs than men?v2.Were Adam and Eve allowed to eat the fruit of the tree of life?v1.NO.They both have twelve pairs.v2.Yes.They were allowed to do so.Male SkeletonX-Ray of Female Ribs vthe serpent;tricky and deceitful.vThe snake said to the woman,Why not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge?You will not die,and you will become as wise as gods.vSo the woman picked the fruit of the tree and ate some,and gave it to the man and he ate some too.vThen suddenly they became wiser and knew that they were naked.So they sewed fig leaves together to cover themselves.vGod saw this,and knew that they had eaten the forbidden fruit.vGod punished the serpent;to crawl on their bellies,eat dust and be enemies of mankind.vGod punished Adam and Eve,v their lives hard.vMen would have to struggle and sweat for their existence.vTo the woman he said,I will greatly increase your pains in childbearing;with pain you will give birth to children.Your desire will be for your husband,and he will rule over you.vGod made them leave the Garden of Eden,so that they might not eat fruit from the tree of life and live forever.vGen 3:24 After he drove the man out,he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life.vQuestions:v1.Why could the serpent speak to Eve?v2.Was the forbidden fruit an apple?v3.God said they would die when they ate the forbidden fruit,but they didnt.Was God lying to them?v1.The serpent in Genesis chapter 3 was Satan.Satan was either appearing as a serpent,possessing the serpent,or deceiving Adam and Eve into believing that it was the serpent who was talking to them.Serpents/snakes do not possess the ability to speak.v2.The fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil is often pictured as an apple,but the Bible never says what it was.v3.vkjv:But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,thou shalt not eat of it:for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.vesv:but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat,for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.“v cuv:“只是分别善恶树上的果子，你不可吃，因为你吃的日子必定死！”vGen 5:1 This is the written account of Adams line.When God created man,he made him in the likeness of God.vGen 5:2 He created them male and female and blessed them.And when they were created,he called them man.vGen 5:3 When Adam had lived 130 years,he had a son in his own likeness,in his own image;and he named him Seth.vGen 5:4 After Seth was born,Adam lived 800 years and had other sons and daughters.vGen 5:5 Altogether,Adam lived 930 years,and then he died.vGen 5:6 When Seth had lived 105 years,he became the father of Enosh.vGen 5:7 And after he became the father of Enosh,Seth lived 807 years and had other sons and daughters.vGen 5:8 Altogether,Seth lived 912 years,and then he died.vGen 5:9 When Enosh had lived 90 years,he became the father of Kenan.vGen 5:10 And after he became the father of Kenan,Enosh lived 815 years and had other sons and daughters.vGen 5:11 Altogether,Enosh lived 905 years,and then he died.v诗篇诗篇(Psalms)vPsa 90:4 For a thousand years in your sight are like a day that has just gone byvAltogether,Adam lived 930 years,and then he died.AngelsvOrigin of the word:Greek angelos,literally,messenger vMentioned hundreds of times in the Bible.vSend messages for God,or carry out his plan to save his people or destroy the wicked.Travel at tremendous speeds.AngelsvThe best-known example of their function as messengers:vthe annunciation by the Angel Gabriel(加百列)to the Virgin Mary of the birth of Christ.AngelsvMentioned far more times in Revelation than any other book of the Bible.vInnumerable angels were seen around the throne of God;seven blew their seven trumpets while another seven poured out the seven bowls of Gods anger.AngelsvChristianity developed very elaborate doctrines about angels:vThey were created by God and they do not marry or have children.vThey have a greater mental capacity than man.Man is“a little lower than angels”.vThey are superhuman in power.Classification of AngelsvIn the Middle Ages it was believed that there were nine orders of angels:v1.There are 3 main hierarchies.2.Each main hierarchy contains 3 orders.Classification of AngelsvThe highest hierarchy includes the order of(in descending order)va)Seraphim(seraph)炽天使 vb)Cherubim(cherub)智天使 vc)Thrones 座天使 A seraph angelClassification of AngelsvThe middle hierarchy includes the order of a)Dominions主天使 b)Virtues 力天使 c)Powers 能天使 vThe lowest hierarchy includes the order of a)Principalities 权天使 b)Archangels大天使 c)Angels 天使 vSeven archangels are the leaders of angels.Three of them are named in the Bible:Gabriel,Michael and RaphaelArchangel Michael米迦勒 Archangel Raphael 拉斐尔 SatanvIn Judaism and Christianity:Satan,also called Devil,an evil spirit that opposes God or good spirits.Satan tempts people to be wicked.vIn the Book of Job of the Old Testament,Satan is a servant of God.vSpecial function:to test the virtues of men by trials and sufferings.SatanvBy the time of the New Testament:seen as the enemy of God and one who had been driven out of heaven.vSatan was identified with Lucifer(路西法),an angel who tried to rebel against God and so fell from Heaven.Lucifervson of the morning,“morning star”,金星 vBecame jealous of Godv Was perfect until his sinv Became proud of his beauty and glory instead of glorifying God his Creatorv Sinned in his heartLucifervtried to rebel against God and so fell from Heaven.vWas cast out of heaven and took one-third of all the angels with himvHe is supposed to be the ruler of Hell.vHis followers,called devils,were lesser angels who fell with him.Idioms from Genesis Chapter 2&3v1.Garden of Eden (Gen.2:15 17)vEden n also the Garden of Eden singular in the Bible story,the garden where Adam and Eve,the first humans lived,often seen as a place of happiness and innocence.人间天堂，乐园vThe city is a remote and beautiful Eden.vLife is no garden of Eden(ie is unpleasant)at the moment.现时的生活并非世外桃源.2.Bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh (Gen.2:21 23)vBone of bones and flesh of flesh 血肉相连，至亲骨肉vEverybody agrees the competent should be promoted.And his bone of bones and flesh of flesh are not so incompetent,and they are much easier than others to get promoted.v I have never thought that they should become such good bone of bones and flesh of flesh of each other.v我从来没想到他们俩会成为如此恩爱的一对夫妻。3.Adam and Eve(Gen.2:7;21 22)vAdam and Eve 祖先，人类始祖vThere is a tendency of longevity on his mothers side.Both his grandpa and grandma lived to be over ninety lived to be Adam and Eve,as they say.v他母亲那一边的人有长寿倾向。他外公外婆都活到九十多像别人说的，都活成老祖宗了。4.Adam s profession (Gen.2:15)vAdam s profession 园艺，耕种vHe has always been thinking of engaging in Adams profession when he retires.v他一直在想，当他退休了，他就种种花，养养草。vWhat s your father?vHe is in Adams profession back in the home village.v他在老家务农。5.Fig leaves (Gen.3:67)vFig leaves 无花果树的叶子，遮羞布vCome and see the picture of Tom in his babyhood-without even a fig leaf on.v快来看快来看TOM婴儿时候的照片婴儿时候的照片-光着屁股照的。光着屁股照的。6.Curse of Adam (Gen.3:17)vCurse of Adam 亚当遭诅咒，为生活奔波vThough the poor couple were suffering from the curse of Adam,they found it hard to make both ends meet.v虽然这对可怜的夫妇为生活拼命的奔波，还是发现很难做到虽然这对可怜的夫妇为生活拼命的奔波，还是发现很难做到收支相抵。收支相抵。vHis father died young and the curse of Adam kept him from continuing his schooling as he had to help his mother support a big family.v他父亲很年轻就去世了。生活的艰辛使他不能继续上学，他他父亲很年轻就去世了。生活的艰辛使他不能继续上学，他得帮母亲养活一大家子。得帮母亲养活一大家子。7.Forbidden fruit (Gen.3:15)vForbidden fruit 禁果，因被禁而更想得到的东西vI told my son he was not allowed to eat ice-cream as he was having a cold,but he ate more than usual.v-Well,forbidden fruit tastes better;and this is especially true for kids.v我告诉我的儿子他正患感冒，不能吃冰激凌，但他我告诉我的儿子他正患感冒，不能吃冰激凌，但他吃的反而比平时还多。吃的反而比平时还多。v-越是不让就越想要，小孩尤其是这样越是不让就越想要，小孩尤其是这样vBy the sweat of your brow(in the sweat of your face)you shall eat bread till you return to the ground,for out of it you were taken;for dust you are,and to dust you shall return.(Gen.3:19)v 你必须汗流满面才得糊口，直到你归了土，你必须汗流满面才得糊口，直到你归了土，因为你是自土而出的。你本是尘土，仍要因为你是自土而出的。你本是尘土，仍要归于尘土。归于尘土。8.By the sweat of ones brow/In the sweat of ones facev By the sweat of ones brow/In the sweat of ones face 眉毛流汗、汗流满面眉毛流汗、汗流满面 喻意：用血汗挣来的；凭勤劳谋生。v1.what it needs to accomplish anything is the sweat of the brow,but not empty talk.v要成就任何事情，需要的是艰苦的努力，而非空谈。要成就任何事情，需要的是艰苦的努力，而非空谈。v2.In the sweat of their face,the peasant couple sent all their children to university.v这对农民夫妇勤挣苦做，终于把几个孩子送进了大学。这对农民夫妇勤挣苦做，终于把几个孩子送进了大学。9.For dust you are,and to dust you shall return.vFor dust you are,and to dust you shall return.本是尘土，本是尘土，仍要归于尘土仍要归于尘土;死亡，逝世；死亡，逝世；vWhen his father returned to dust,he inherited the house.v他父亲去世后，他就继承了房子。他父亲去世后，他就继承了房子。vI see no point accumulating material possessions in the sweat of ones face.After all,for dust you are,and to dust you shall return.v我看不出来辛辛苦苦地聚财有什么意义，毕竟财富这东西生我看不出来辛辛苦苦地聚财有什么意义，毕竟财富这东西生不带来，死不带去。不带来，死不带去。vSerpentv蛇；魔鬼；罪恶的象征；蛇；魔鬼；罪恶的象征；vAdams applev亚当的苹果；喉结；亚当的苹果；喉结；vthe fall of manv人类的堕落人类的堕落voriginal sinv原罪；原罪；Adams sin亚当的罪；人类始祖之罪；世代相传之亚当的罪；人类始祖之罪；世代相传之罪；罪；vParadise lostv失乐园；失去美好的生活失乐园；失去美好的生活