《N脑神经》PPT课件.ppt

Department of Anatomy ,Qingdao University Medical College W.S.B 2006.12.3 Part Five The Nervous System Peripheral Nervous Section 2 The Cranial Nerves The Cranial Nerves(脑神经 ) Introduction I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经 ) II. Optic n. (视神经 ) III. Oculomotor n.(动眼神经 ) IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经 ) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经 ) VI. Abducent n. (展神经 ) The Cranial Nerves Introduction VII. Facial n. (面神经 ) VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经 ) (位听神经 ) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神经 ) X. Vagus n. (迷走神经 ) XI. Accessory n. (副神经 ) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经 ) 一嗅二视三动眼， 四滑五叉六外展， 七面八听九舌咽， 迷副舌下十二全。 A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感觉神经 ): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (运动神经 ): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神经 ):V, VII, IX, X. The Cranial Nerves Introduction B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers感觉 (传入 ) 纤维 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般躯体感觉纤维 ): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍 ) muscle spindles (肌梭 ) 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊躯体感觉纤维 ): visual (视 ), hearing (听 ), balance organs (平衡 ) The Cranial Nerves Introduction 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一 般内脏感觉纤维 ): all viscera (全部内脏 ) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏感觉纤维 ): olfactory (嗅器 ) and taste (味器 ) 2. Motor (efferent) fibers 运动 (传出）纤维 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般躯体运动纤维 ): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌 ) 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般内脏运动纤维 ): smooth mm. (平滑肌 ), cardiac mm. (心肌 ), glands (腺体 ) 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动 ): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于鳃弓的骨骼肌 ) I鳃弓 咀嚼肌 ,II鳃弓 面肌 ,III-VII鳃弓 咽喉肌 ,胸锁乳突肌 ,斜方肌 I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经 )-SVA olfactory bulb (嗅球 ) Olfactory cells (嗅细胞 ) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔内嗅区上皮 ) olfactory filaments (嗅丝 ) cribriform foramina anosmia 嗅觉丧失 II. The Optic Nerve (视神经 ) SSA total blindness 全盲 photoreceptor cells (感光细胞 ) rod cells(视杆细胞 ) cone cells(视锥细胞 ) Bipolar cells (双极细胞 ) Ganglionic cells (节细胞 ) Optic Nerve Optic chiasma (视交叉 ) optic canal (视神经管 ) . The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经 ) GSE, GVE midbrain （中脑） 脚间窝 superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌 ,上睑提肌 ) inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌 ,内直肌 ,下斜肌 ) strabismus 斜视 眼睑下垂 , 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下 , 复视 sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括约肌 ,睫状肌 ) III superior branch(上支 ) III inferior branch(下支 ) sup. orbital fissure (眶上裂 ) . The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经 ) GSE, GVE . The Trochlear Nerve (滑车神经 ) GSE midbrain (中脑 ) 背侧 superior oblique （上斜肌） sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂 ) . The Abducent Nerve (展神经 ) GSE pons （脑桥） lateral rectus （外直肌） strabismus 斜视 diplepia (double vision) 复视 sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂 ) maxillary n (上颌神经 ) ophthalmic n (眼神经 ) mandibular nerve (下颌 n) pons (脑桥 ) lacrim n(泪腺 ) frontal (额 ) n nasociliary(鼻睫 ) n 眶上神经 lacrimal gland(泪腺 ) 鼻背 ,腔 ,筛窦 ,眼球 额皮 infraorbital(眶下 ) n sup.alveolar(上牙槽 ) n auriculotemporal n buccal (颊 ) n lingual (舌 ) n inf. alveolar n 眼口间皮肤 上牙 ,牙龈 颞部皮肤 颊部皮肤 ,粘膜 舌前 2/3 一般感觉 Taste.舌前 2/3味觉 mental 颏 n 下唇皮肤 lower teeth下牙 ,牙龈 masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支 ) mastic.mm.咀嚼肌 trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭 鼓索 下颌舌骨肌 N Zygomatic n.(颧神经 ) 颧部皮肤 滑车上神经 VII . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE Ganglion (三叉神经节 ) . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE maxillary n (上颌神经 ) ophthalmic n (眼神经 ) mandibular nerve (下颌 n) pons (脑桥 ) lacrim n(泪腺 ) frontal (额 ) n nasociliary(鼻睫 ) n 眶上神经 lacrimal gland(泪腺 ) 鼻背 ,腔 ,筛窦 ,眼球 额皮 infraorbital(眶下 ) n sup.alveolar(上牙槽 ) n auriculotemporal n buccal (颊 ) n lingual (舌 ) n inf. alveolar n 眼口间皮肤 上牙 ,牙龈 颞部皮肤 颊部皮肤 ,粘膜 舌前 2/3 一般感觉 Taste.舌前 2/3味觉 mental 颏 n 下唇皮肤 lower teeth下牙 ,牙龈 masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支 ) mastic.mm.咀嚼肌 trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭 鼓索 下颌舌骨肌 N Zygomatic n.(颧神经 ) 颧部皮肤 滑车上神经 VII . The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经 ) GSA, SVE Ganglion (三叉神经节 ) CN I. The Olfactory Nerve (SVA) olfactory bulb I olfactory filaments (I) olfactory cells CN II. The Optic Nerve (SSA) optic chiasma II ganglionic cells bipolar cells rod & cone cells CN III. The Oculomotor Nerve (GSE,GVE) superior br. superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris inferior br. inf. rectus, medial rectus, & inferior oblique CN IV. The Trochlear Nerve (GSE) midbrain IV superior oblique CN V. The Trigeminal Nerve (GSA,GVA,SVE) ganglion 1. ophthalmic n. (V1) lacrimal n. lacrimal gland frontal n. supraorbital n. frontal skin supratrochlear n. frontal skin nasociliary n. nose, eyeball, & ethmoidal sinus Summary of CN I - VI 2. maxillary n. (V2) infraorbital n. skin between eye and mouth zygomatic n. zygomatic skin pterygopalatine n. nasal cavity, palatine & tonsil superior alveolar n. superior teeth 3 mandibular n. (V3) auriculotemporal n. temporal skin buccal n. buccal skin and mucosa lingual n. anterior 2/3 part of tongue inferior alveolar n. mental n. mental skin inferior teeth, gingiva submandibular ganglion mylohyoid and digastric mm. masticatory branches masticatory mm. CN VI. The Abducent Nerve (GSE) pons VI lateral rectus m Summary of CN I - VI facial paralysis 面神经瘫 facial spasm 面痉挛 VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE pons (脑桥 ) 延髓沟 geniculate ganglion (膝神经节 ) VII VII stapedius (镫骨肌 ) taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉 ) facial mm. (面肌 ) Lingualn (舌神经 ) tympanic chord (鼓索 ) temporal branches (颞支 ) zygomatic branches (颧支 ) buccal branches (颊支 ) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘 ) cervical branch (颈支 ) V1 lacrimal n lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪 ,鼻腔 ,腭腺 ) submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺 ,舌下腺 ) pterygo- palatine ganglion greater petrosal n (岩大神经 ) 腭 ,蝶腭 N stapedial n(镫骨肌神经 ) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 )SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE facial paralysis 面神经瘫 facial spasm 面痉挛 VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE pons (脑桥 ) 延髓沟 geniculate ganglion (膝神经节 ) VII VII stapedius (镫骨肌 ) taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉 ) facial mm. (面肌 ) Lingualn (舌神经 ) tympanic chord (鼓索 ) temporal branches (颞支 ) zygomatic branches (颧支 ) buccal branches (颊支 ) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘 ) cervical branch (颈支 ) V1 lacrimal n lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪 ,鼻腔 ,腭腺 ) submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺 ,舌下腺 ) pterygo- palatine ganglion greater petrosal n (岩大神经 ) 腭 ,蝶腭 N stapedial n(镫骨肌神经 ) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE facial paralysis 面神经瘫 facial spasm 面痉挛 VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE pons (脑桥 ) 延髓沟 geniculate ganglion (膝神经节 ) VII VII stapedius (镫骨肌 ) taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉 ) facial mm. (面肌 ) Lingualn (舌神经 ) tympanic chord (鼓索 ) temporal branches (颞支 ) zygomatic branches (颧支 ) buccal branches (颊支 ) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘 ) cervical branch (颈支 ) V1 lacrimal n lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪 ,鼻腔 ,腭腺 ) submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺 ,舌下腺 ) pterygo- palatine ganglion greater petrosal n (岩大神经 ) 腭 ,蝶腭 N stapedial n(镫骨肌神经 ) VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经 ) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE macullae of saccule(椭圆囊 ) macullae of utricle(球囊 ) ampullary crest(壶腹嵴 ) . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经 ) SSA nervous deafness 神经性耳聋 brain stem (脑干 ) 延髓脑桥沟 vestibular n. (前庭神经 ) cochlear n. (蜗神经 ) vestibular ganglion (前庭神经节 ) spiral ganglion (螺旋神经节 ) 头位置觉 听觉 spiral organs （螺旋器） Int.acous. meatus & pore (内耳道 ,内耳门 ) . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve(前庭蜗神经 ) SSA . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经 ) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA IX medulla oblongata (延髓 ) sup. ganglion inf. ganglion tympanic n(鼓室 N) otic gang parotid gland(腮腺 ) carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & glomus lingual br (舌支 ) post. 1/3 of tongue (taste pharynx stylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支 ) stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌 ) tonsillar br.(扁桃体支 ) palantine tonsil(腭扁桃体 ) post.auricular br(耳后支 ) pharyngeal mm. pharyngeal branch(咽支 ) post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤 ) & other sensory) . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve(舌咽神经 ) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经 ) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA medulla oblongata X L sup. ganglion inf. ganglion sup.laryng.n(喉上 N) phary.br.(咽支 ) sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支 ) inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支 ) rec.laryng. n.(喉返 N) inf.laryng.n(喉下 N) bronc.br.(支气管支 ) esophag.br.(食管支 ) ant.vagal tr.(前干 ) post.vagal tr.(后干 ) int.br.(内支 ) laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜 ) cricothyroideus(环甲肌 ) phary.mm(咽肌 ) & mucosa(粘膜 ) cardiac plexus (心丛 ) heart mm (心肌 ) laryng.mm喉肌 & mucosa(粘膜 ) esoph.br(食管支 ) trac. br(气管支 ) 食管腺 ,肌 气管腺 ,肌 & mucosa(粘膜 ) & mucosa(粘膜 ) hepat.br.(肝支 ) ant.gast.br(胃前支 ) post.gast.br(胃后支 ) celiac br.(腹腔支 ) hepat. plx gast. plx gast. plx celiac plx 肝腺 ,肌 sens sens sens sens 胃腺 ,肌 胃腺 ,肌 肠腺 ,肌 pulmonary plx esoph. plx 支气管腺 ,肌 食管腺 ,肌 & mucosa(粘膜 ) & mucosa(粘膜 ) sense 耳支 耳廓 ,硬脑膜 ext.br.(外支 ) R . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经 ) XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神经 ) SVE Medulla oblongata (脑干 ) spinal cord (脊髓 ) sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸锁乳突肌 ) trapezius(斜方肌 ) pharyngeal mm. laryngeal mm(咽喉肌 ) spinal root (脊根 )XI cranial root (颅根 XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (舌下神经 )GSE medulla oblongata (延髓 ) XII lingual branches(舌支 ) mm of tongue (舌肌 ) descending br(降支 ) ansa cervicalis (颈袢 ) infrahyoid mm (舌骨下肌群 ) cervical plexus (颈丛 ) hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管 C1 C2 C3 paralysis of tonguemm. 舌肌瘫痪 (伸舌时舌歪向患侧 ) Summary of CN VII - XII CN VII. The Facial Nerve (SVE,GVE,SVA,GSA) pons VII geniculate ganglion deep petrosal n. greater petrosal n. n. of pterygoid canal pterygopalatine ganglion lacrimal gland 1. stapedial nerve stapedius 2. tympanic chord lingual n. taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue ganglion submandibular & sublingual gland 3. temporal branches frontal muscle, orbicularis oculi 4. zygomatic branches zygomaticus, orbicularis oculi 5. buccal branches buccinator, muscles around the mouth 6. marginal mandibular branch muscles of lower lip 7. cervical branch platysma 8. posterior auricular n. auricular muscles and occipitalis CN VIII. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (SSA) 1. vestibular n. vestibular ganglion maculae of saccule & utricle, ampullary crest 2. cochlear n. cochlear ganglion spiral organs Summary of CN VII - XII CN IX. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve ) (SVE,GVE,SVA,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion parotid gland otic ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic n. tympanic plexus lessor petrosal n 1. carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & carotid glomus 2. lingual branches posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste and other sensory) 3. pharyngeal branch pharyngeal mucous 4. stylopharyngeal branch stylopharyngeus 5. tonsillar branch palatine tonsil 6. posterior auricular branch posterior auricular skin CN XI. The Accessory Nerve (SVE) medulla oblongata XI sternocleidomastoideus & trapezius CN XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve (GSE) medulla oblongata XII 1. lingual branches muscles of tongue 2. descending branch ansa cervicalis infrahyoid muscles Summary of CN VII - XII CN X. The Vagus Nerve (GVE,SVE,GVA,GSA) superior ganglion inferior ganglion 1. superior laryngeal n external br. cricothyroideus internal br. laryngeal mucosa 2. pharyngeal br. pharyngeal muscles & mucosa 3. superior cervical cardiac branch cardiac plexus heart 4. inferior cervical cardiac branch cardiac plexus heart 5. recurrent laryngeal n. tracheal & esophageal brs. esophageal plexus inferior laryngeal n. laryngeal muscles & mucosa 6. bronchial branch pulmonary plexus lung esophagus 7. esophageal branch esophageal plexus esophagus 8. L. ant. vagal trunk anterior gastric brs. gastric muscles & mucosa hepatic branch liver 9. R. post. vagal trunk celiac brs. celiac plexus abdominal organs posterior gastric branches gastric muscles & mucosa