什么是状语课件

状语状语(adverbial)(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中它附加在谓语中心语的前面心语的前面,从从情况情况,时间时间,处所处所,方式方式,条件条件,对象对象,肯定肯定,否定否定,范围和程度范围和程度等方面对谓语中等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。心进行修饰或限制。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但某些情况下也可放在句首或句中。状语从句When she was 12 years old,she began to livein Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play footballwith you.分词作状语Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.began to live在主句中作谓语，live是谓语中心语。她开始住在大连的时间是她12岁时（时状从句）play在主句中作谓语，我去踢足球的条件是明天不下雨（条状从句）left在主句中作谓语，他离开家的原因是跟妻子吵架了。（分词状语表原因）一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1)过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。过去分词和现在分词作状语【高考链接1】not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.(2009福建卷)A.RemindingC.To remind D.Having reminded分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky,our city is very beautiful.(our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky,we find our city is very beautiful.(we与see之间是主谓关系)B.Reminded另外一种情况是有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。（链接：系表结构=连系动词+表语的结构）这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。e.g.(be)Surprised at what had happened,Tom didnt know what to do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。来源自系表结构【高考链接2】and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(2009浙江卷)A.To be tired B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired 二、过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked(=If it is looked)at a distance,the paintingseems much more beautiful.隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground,broken.=The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.(2009江西卷)A.Giving B.Having givenC.To give D.Given【高考链接4】Michaels new house is like a huge palace,with his old one.(2009重庆卷)A.comparing B.comparesC.to compare D.compared【高考链接6】The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons for the day.(2007重庆卷)A.finishing B.finishedC.had finished D.were finished三、过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于。More time given to us,we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。逻辑主语逻辑主语主句主语主句主语逻辑主语逻辑主语当分词作状语的选项遭遇to do 开头的选项 to do放在开头，多表示do这个动作的目的。比如：Learning English requires passion.把learning 换成to learn：To learn English requires passion.我们要说的是“学习需要热情”，然而learn是个动词，所以我们用了表示目的的to do，也有表示将来要做某事的意思。不过英语为了避免头重脚轻的情况出现，会把较长的主语放到后面，用一个形式主语it来代替。It requires passion to learn English 这个就是我们常看到的所谓to do表目的的句子了。【练习】_ a good mark,first you need to study hard.A.Getting B.GotC.To get D.Having got要得好成绩，首先你需要用功学。_ his hands warm,he banked up the fire.A.Having been made B.MakingC.Made D.To make 为了暖手，他燃起了篝火。当现在分词遇到过去分词The dog entered the room,following his master.这条狗跟着主人进了屋。The master entered the room,followed by his dog.主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。这两个句子都是含有“伴随状语”的句子。表示狗伴随着主人进屋。现在分词作状语时，分词动作与主语之间常构成主谓关系，说明谓语动作发生的原因、方式、时间、条件、结果、伴随等方面的情况。A small plane crashed into a hillside,killing all four people on board.(2009上海)【高考链接1】_ in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(2008福建)A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waited_ many times,he finally understood it.（2009四川）A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told