有两种形式的副词 的意义辨析

有两种形式的副词的意义辨析英语中，有些副词具有两种形式：一是与形容词同形；二是由该形容词后加-ly构成（以 下称形容词形副词和-ly形副词）。这两种形式的副词有些含义相同或在某些情况下含义相 同，有些则完全不同；有的含义相同但用法又有所不同，有的含义不同但用法又相同。如何 正确运用这些副词，是同学们在平时学习中经常遇到的令人困惑的问题，因为这涉及到语体、 语义和语用等方面的问题。一、总体区别1. 与形容词同形的副词倾向于表静态意义，突出“感觉，状态、结果”；-ly形副词倾向于 表动态意义，强调“方式、方法”。由于表达的语体，语义侧重点和感情色彩不同，这两种 副词有时可以互换使用，所以其内含的静动态意义也会随之变化。2. 与形容词同形的副词不能被一个程度状语所修饰，而-ly形副词则可以。3. 与形容词同形的副词多用在非正式语体中，而-ly形副词多用在正式语体中。4. 与形容词同形的副词一般表示较具体的概念，而-ly形副词则表示抽象或引申意义，有时 还带有一定的感情色彩。5. 在表示比较级和最高级时通常用与形容词同形的副词来取代-ly形副词。6. 在过去分词、作主语用的动名词和强调句中被强调的成分前通常只用-ly形副词而不用与 形容词同形的副词。二、具体区别1. cheap和cheaplycheap： adv, at very low price.Cheaply: adv, it is now rarely used in modern English.两者意思相同。但在实际运用中，一般只用cheap而不用cheaply，尤其是在口语中与动词buy 和sell等连用时，只用cheap。例如：He sold the house very cheap.Air fares to Africa dont come cheap.They are selling meat cheap when it gets dark.2. clean和cleanlyclean: adv, used to emphasize the fact that an action or movement is complete or through.表示完全、彻底地”的意思时，常与动词forget，介词6了和through，副词away 和out连用，Cleanly: quickly and smoothly with a single movement.干净，利索，其他的动词、介词和副词常与cleanly搭配使用。I am sorry， I clean forgot it .The knife doesnt cut cleanly .The thieves got clean away with 300,000 dollars.The car hit her with such force that she was lifted clean off the ground.the branch snapped cleanly in two:树枝一下子折断成两截。3. clear和clearly两者表示清楚地”的意思时，除上述六种情况外，一般情况下可以互用。例如：We clear /clearly need to think over the plan again .我们显然需要对这个计划再三 考虑。然而，当clear表示“完全，彻底”的意思时，可与clean互换使用。例如：He found the cat got clear / clean awaywhen he came back .当他回来时，他发现那只猫逃得无影无踪。此外，当clear表示隔开，不接触的意思时，一般不能与clearly或clean互换使用。例如：Stand clear of the gate !别站在大门口！You should keep clear of that fellow .你不要与那家伙来往。4. close和closely两者意思有时相同。close作副词用时表示接近，紧密的意思，但在过去分词前要用closely。一般情况下closely用来表示仔细地、细心地的意思。例如：close by/ close together/ close at hand/ close behindstay/ keep closeDraw sb closeclose up to上列结构均表示位置很近。closely controlled/ guarded/ monitoredclosely involvedWorking closely with sbClosely resembleclosely related/ connected/ associated上列结构均表示程度或关系。5. dead和deadlydead作副词时多用在某些词组里，表示“的确，完全”的意思；deadly一般作形容词用，意 为“致命的”。用副词表达这个意思时要用fatally。只有修饰形容词时deadly才作副词表 示“死一样地”的意思。例如：The man lay on the ground dead drunk .那个人躺在地上，喝得烂醉。On hearing the terrible news，his face went deadly pale .一听到那可怕的消息，他 的脸色变得像死人一样苍白。dead right / wrong:完全正确/错误dead straight/ flat:径直，非常平整。dead quiet/ still/ calm:非常安静，寂静，平静、dead drunk,酩酊大醉。Deadly disease/ virus:致命性的疾病，病毒。deadly serious/ dull/ boring: very serious/ dull/ boring.6. deep和deeply两者的意思基本相同，但deep多用于谚语、习语和静态的描述中；deeply的意思比较抽象， 多用来修饰表示颜色的形容词或分词。例如：Still water runs deep .静水渊深。（大智 若愚。）They felt deeply grateful to the teacher.他们对那位老师感激万分。some bones were hidden deep underneath the ground.The raliway tunnel led deep under the mountains.We were deep in a tropical rainforest.Tom stared deep into her eyes.Run/go deep: if a feeling such as hatred or anger runs deep in someone, they feel it very strongly, especially because of something that has happened in the past:根深蒂固，深藏，刻骨铭心The prejudice runs deep and we should understand the fear behind it.Deep down: if you know or feel something deep down, you secrectly know or feel it even though you do not want to admit it.从内心来讲，；在心底He knew, deep down, that he would have to appologise .deeply held religious belief:深信不疑的宗教信仰。think deeply:认真，深入思考breathe deeplysleep deeply： be in a deep sleep.7. direct和directly两者均可表示“径直地，直接地”，We flew direct/ directly to paris.You d better write direct/directly to her.You could phone her direct/ directly.表示“ 一会儿，立即，马上”只用directly.I will be there directly.Directly可用作连词。Directly I walked in the door, I smelt smoke.8. easy和easilyeasy作副词时多用于一些习语中，表示“从容不迫，慢慢地，容易地”的意思；easily多用来表示人和物的能力、力量等，意为“容易地，不费劲地”。例如：Dont be so nervous，take it easy .别紧张，放松点。I found it easily.我很容易地找到了它。Take it easy/ take things easy: relax, dont be upset.Easier said than doneEasy come, easy go:来得快，去得快。easily enougheasily accessible/availableeasily understood/ indentified9. fair和fairlyfair作副词时多用于一些习语中，本意为”公正地，公平地，光明正大地，其引申意则变化 较大。常见的与fair搭配的习语有play fair （光明正大地比赛），fight fair （按规矩格 斗），deal fair with sb.（公平待人），fall fair （直挺挺地倒下），hit fair （不偏 不倚正击中），speak sb. fair （对某人花言巧语）等。除了一些习语外，表示公正地多用fairly。此外，fairly还可用作程度状语，其意思和 quite 或 rather 相近。如： He was fairly beside himse lf with joy .他欣喜若狂。It may be fairly asserted that he is a liar .完全可以推断出他是一个骗子。10. high和highly一般来说，high作副词时多用来表示具体物体的高矮，highly多用于表示抽象意义上的高低，但high也可表抽象意义。然而，在分词前一般只用high，而不用highly。例如：A bird is flying high in the sky .一只鸟正高飞在天空。He spoke highly of her .他高度赞扬了她。Highly successful/ effective/ efficienthighly unlikely/ likely/ probable/ improbableHighly skilled/ trained/ educatedThinke/ speak highly of11. light和lightlylight作副词的意思是轻轻地、轻装地”和”（睡得）不熟等，而lightly则表示”轻微地，轻率地的意思。有时light和lightly可以互换。例如：I like travelling light .我喜欢轻装旅行。He wears his seventy years lightly .他简直看不出有七十多岁。12. loud和loudly在动词的后面以及在口语中一般用loud，而不用loudly。与loud连用的动词多是一些表示 动作的动词。这些动词有talk， speak，shout，laugh，cry等。例如：Dont talk so loud，you will wake the whole street .别那么大声说话，左邻右居都 会被你吵醒的。Her voice arrived loud and clear in my phone .我的电话里传来了她清脆响亮的声音。 loudly则可与任何发出声响的动词（如：bring, explode, knock， ring, insist, demand, explain等）连用。loud和aloud只能用在动词后面；而loudly则既可用在动词后，也可用在动词前。另外，loud 侧重状态和给人的感觉；而loudly则侧重方式。试比较：Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。He knocked at the door loudly.13. low和lowly此可作副词时经常被用来作状语修饰aim，bow，buy，curtsey，fall，sell，sing，speak 等动词表示“低，便宜的”意思；lowly通常用作形容词，其意思是“卑微的，低贱的”。lowly作副词用时多可以由可代替。例如：The village is located low in the slope of a hill .那个村庄处在山坡低处。Dont sell the clothes too low.不要把那套衣服太廉价出售掉。He was not ashamed of his lowly origins.他并不以自己出身低微为耻。14. near和nearlynear作副词用时多表示具体时间或空间上的近，临近”；nearly多用来表示抽象的概念， 其意思是“几乎，差不多”。nearly可以与not连用，但不能和其它否定词如never no- body，nothing, nowhere, no, none等连用。例如：The Spring Festival is drawing near.It is not nearly as easy as you think .那远不像你想得那么容易。另外，nearly还可以表示亲密地，密切地”的意思。例如：They are nearly relatedbut they hardly meet .他们是近亲，但他们难得有机会相见。15. real和reallyreal和really的意思基本相同，但real多用在形容词和副词前面表示强调，仅限于美语的口 语用法，相当于very，而really的位置则比较灵活，它通常可放在动词前和复合谓语的第一 个动词后面。有时，在否定句中，really的位置不同则可引出不同的意思。例如： You cook real well .你做的饭菜确实很好。Really， I dont think I agree with you .真的，我恐怕不同意你的看法。She is real cute.it is really cold these days.Why dont you tell us what really happened?16. right和rightlyright和rightly的意思基本相同。right多用在动词后或介词短语前，与习语搭配时多用 rightly。rightly可以放在动词前或后。有时在动词之后，right和rightly可以互用。例如： It serves you right .你罪有应得。The post office lies right at the corner of the street .邮局就在那条街的拐角处。Right in front of / byright here/ thereit is on right after the six oclock news.Everything is going right for him at the moment.You guessed right. They refused our offer.Right nowRight along/ through/ around/ behindI will be right with you.I will be right there.I will be right back.以上三个句子都是：我马上回来，请稍等。He was, as you rightly said, the smallest boy in the class.There is a lot of talk, quite rightly, about the dangers of smoking.As you so rightly pointed out, things are getting worse.This phote was taken in paris, if I remember rightly.I cannot rightly say/ dont rightly know: spoken, used to say that you are not sure whether something is correct or not.以上句子中的rightly都是correctly的意思。17. slow和slowlyslow作副词用时，语气比slowly强，且多用于口语体、祈使句和习语中。slowly常用于陈述 句。例如：Drive slow !开慢点！We are slowing or surely gaining the support of the public.稳扎稳打，稳步地；坚定不 移地Go slower and you will see more.18. strong和stronglystrong用作副词的用法以罕用。词典已不收录该用法。Strongly believe/ insist/ suggest/ advise/ recommend/ feel that clause/ be opposed to/ be in favour of somethingShe strongly insisted on seeing her lawyer .她坚持要见她的律师。Before taking the medicine, you are strongly recommended to consult your doctor.19. sure和surelysure作副词时常用在某些短语和简略回答句中，表示“当然，确实”的意思。常与sure搭配 的短语有sure enough （果然），as sure as （和 一样确实be sure and （千万要 ）， for sure （确实，毫无疑问），make sure （查明，弄清楚）等。surely表示必定，一定 的意思例如：May I come in ? Sure !我可以进来吗？当然可以！You will surely pass the test .你一定会考及格。20. bright与brightly的用法区别两者都可表示“明亮地”，但bright通常只与shine连用，且应置于其后，而brightly则可与 其他动词（或分词等）连用，且可置于动词之前或之后：The stars were shining bright brightly. 星光灿烂。The temple is brightly painted.这座庙被漆得亮堂堂的。21, firm与firmly的用法区别firm用作副词的用法十分有限，通常只能与stand, hold, stay等少数动词连用，且位于动 词之后；而firmly的用法则十分广泛，且可位于动词之前或之后：Always hold firm to your beliefs. 一定要坚守信仰。They stood firm against the war.他们坚决反对战争。I firmly believe that it is true.我坚信那是真的。The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground.栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上。【注】hold firmly通常用于本义，指“紧紧握住”；而hold firm则通常用于引申义，指 “坚持（原则、理想、信仰等）”。22, tight与tightly的用法区别两者均可表示“紧紧地”，但tight通常只用于动词之后，而tightly则可用于动词之前或之后: Please hold it tight tightly.请紧紧握住它。We were tightly packed in the bus.我们在公共汽车里紧紧地挤在一起。比较级的修饰语1. 比较级前可用a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly等修饰，表示“稍微”、“一点”。 如：Its a little colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天稍冷一点。Theyre a little bit better now,现在他们稍好一点儿了。2. 比较级前可用much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather 等修饰， 表示“得多”。如：Shes a good deal better today.她今天好多了。There are far more people than we expected.人比我们预计的多得多。注意：quite也可修饰比较级，表示“得多”，但该比较级通常只限于better。如：Hes quite better now.他现在好多了。3. 比较级前可用even, still修饰，表示“更”。如：It was even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还要冷。The next day she got up still earlier.第二天她起床更早些。4. asas 结构前可用 almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, times, twice等 修饰，表示程度。如：Lets walk. Its just as quick as taking the bus.咱们走路去吧，和坐公共汽车去一 样快。、Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长 约为蓝色波长的两倍。5. 最高级可用by far, much, about, almost, nearly及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。如： This is by far the best.这一个显然是最好的。This is much the most difficult.这是最最难。Hainan is Chinas second largest island.海南是中国第二大岛。6. 当形容词比较等级修饰名词作定语时，其前通常加冠词（特指用定冠词，泛指用不定冠词）； 另外，有时要表示两者之中的较为突出者（通常有of the two结构），此时要在比较级前使 用定冠词。如：If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time. 要是没有考试的 话，我们在学校玩得还会更开心。Of the two shirts, Id like to choose the cheaper one.我选定这两件中较便宜的那件 衬衫。另外，数量词也可以修饰比较级，如a head, 2 years, twice,1/3, 20%等，例如：You are 5 minutes later than I/me.=You are later than me by 5 minutes.I am a head taller than my sister.=I am taller than my sister by a head.They produced 3 times/ 50% more cotton than we did.=They produced more cotton than we did by 3 times/ 50%.特殊的比较级、最高级现象1 .以下形容词、副词：pleased, fit, tired, slowly, real, glad, fond,比较级、最高级 加more most。2. 以下形容词、副词：cruel, often, strict, friendly比较级、最高级可以加more、most, 也可以加er, est。3. 某些以or结尾的形容词：inferior, superior, junior, senior的比较级用to代替than, 例如：He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.形容词作状语2008年高考英语全国卷II单选题中：After the long journey, the three went back home, .A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired正确答案是：B。该题考查的是形容词作状语，即考查了形容词（组）作状语。Surprised and happy, Tony Stood up and accepted the prize. 2006 全国卷32题1. 形容词（组）用作状语，常常表示伴随情况。可以放在句首，也可放在句末。Over joyed, they rushed to the front.他们非常高兴，急步跑到前面。The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught.小偷躲在角落里，担心被人抓住。2. 作原因状语，通常位于句首。Thirsty and eager to get a little rest, he went into the tea-house and seated himself at a little table.Easy to be with, he is warmly welcomed.因为平易近人，所以他受到热烈欢迎。3. 作结果状语，一般位于句末。Tom reached home at last, tired and hungry.He returned from war, safe and sound.他安然无恙地从战争中归来。4. 作评注性状语，表示说话人的看法，态度和评价.通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子隔开。Even more important, he is in charge of the project.更重要的是，他负责这项工程。5. 作让步状语，常由一个形容词短语或由or连接的两个以上的并列形容词短语构成。常位于 句首，也可位于句中。Old and young, the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.Every nation, big or small, should be equal.Right or wrong, Ill stand on your side.6. 作时间状语。Glad, I sing an English song.Faced with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.2005 北 京春季Lost in the mountains for a week, the two Ss were finally saved by the local police.2005江苏Dressed in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 2005 湖南比较级表示最高级的意义英语中，表达最高级意义通常用“ the+形容词或副词最高级+ （名词）+ （表示范围的短语 或从句）”来表示。但是，英语中也有一些表面上看不是最高级形式而实质上表达最高级意 义的表示方式。现将其归纳如下：1. 比较级+than any other+ 名词Hydrogen is lighter than any other chemical element of all.氢比其它任何化学元素 都轻。2. 比较级+than+anyone else/anything else/ever beforeHe is brighter than anyone else in his class.他比班上所有其他同学都聪明。To her, it is more important than anything else.对她来说，这比其它任何事情都重要The present economic situation in our country is better ever before. 我国目前的经 济形势比以往任何时候都好。3. 单数名词+of+同一名词复数It is well known to all that grain is the treasure of treasures. 众所周知，粮食是 宝中之宝（最宝贵的东西）。4. more+形容词原级+than the+同一形容词的名词Xiao Li is more Chinese than the Chinese.小李是最地道的中国人。5. as+原级+as any+（名词）He is as foolish as any （man） in the world.他是世界上最愚蠢的人。6. as+原级+as ever+动词过去式It was as disagreeable a task as had ever fallen on his lot.那时他一生中所遇到 的工作中最不愉快的工作。_She was as fine a ship as ever sailed the waters.它是曾在海上航行过的最好的船。7. never+.+ so/such+ 原级+名词 Never before have so many people applied such abstract mathematics to modern large-scale production. 以前从来没有过这么多人把 这样抽象的数学应用到现代的大规模生产中。Never had such high honors been awarded to a nationalized Chinese in the USA. 过 去从没有将这样高的荣誉授予一位美籍华人。8. 否定意义的词.+ so+原级+ as.No person suffered so much as she.没有一个人像她一样遭受这么多的苦难。None is so blind as those that wont see. （Proverb）不愿正视事实的人才是真正的瞎 子。（谚语）Nothing is so easy as this.没有比这更容易的9. 否定意义的词+比较级No other book has had a greater influence on my life.任何其它书籍对我一生的影响 都不如这本书大。I will say this, that the best shot in existence could not have done it more beautifully.我可以这样说，世上最好的射手也不能打得比这枪再漂亮了。10. 否定意义的词+比较级+ than.Never have I read a more interesting book than this one.我从未读过比这更有趣的 书。Nothing is more detestable than the man who courts popularity, 再没有比沽名钓誉 的人更令人厌恶了。He who wishes to be wise, cant do better than inquire into the past experience of mankind.人欲求智莫过于研究人类过去的经验。11. be at one+形容词最高级He is at his happiest in his description of country life.他描写农村生活最拿手。He was at his best yesterday evening and kept us all amused.昨天晚上他情绪最好， 使我们大家一直都很开心。12. the+名词（尤指人的名词），通常用以强调名词所指的是同类中最典型的、最具代表性的 人或事物，the要重读Professor Wang is the specialist in comparative linguistics. 王教授是比较语言学 方面的最权威人士。13. 某些带all的固定词组常含有最高级意义Shes not a bit like me. Shes like her mother all over.她一点也不像我，最像 她母亲。Music is his all in all.音乐是他最心爱的东西。Mary is the one person of all others I wish to see.在所有人当中我最想见玛丽。14. 某些形容词、副词的原级（如only, optimum, ultimate, supreme, sovereign, utmost, original, bottom, wholly, all, chiefly, completely 等）可表达最高级意义The Indians are the original inhabitants of America.印第安人是美国最早的居民。 Spring is the optimum growth season for plants.春天是最适合植物生长的季节。The government is chiefly concerned with controlling inflation.政府目前最关心的是控 制通货膨胀。15. 某些名词（如summit, top, peak,等）、动词（如minimize, climax等）的词义也含有最 高级意义In this masterpiece, the gifted author has reached the summit of his art. 在这部 杰作中，那位才华横溢的作者达到了艺术的顶峰。She aims at perfection in everything he does.她做任何事情都指望尽善尽美。We are determined to achieve the maximum of efficiency with the minimum of man power and material resources.我们决心以最少的人力和物力取得最高的效率。Her career climaxed in the award of an Oscar.在获奥斯卡金像奖时，她的电影艺术生涯 达到了顶峰。英语句子副词这些词修饰整个全句/从句，通常表达说话者/叙述者的观点。A（a）actually （=in fact/really）实际上，apparently显然地，certainly的确，clearly 明显地，evidently明显地，obviously明显地，presumably大概，probably大概，undoubtedly 的确地（b）definitely明确地（c）perhaps或许，possibly， surely的确地上述（a）组的副词可位于be动词之后：He is obviously intelligent .很明显，他是个聪明 的人。也可位于其他动词的一般现在时形式之前：They certainly work hard.他们确实工作很努力。 也可位于第一个助动词之后：They have presumably sold their house .他们大概已经把房 子卖了。也可位于一个句子或从句的句首或句末：Apparently he knew the town well=He knew the town well apparently .显然他很了解这个城镇。definitely也按上述方法使用，但很少用于句首。perhaps和possibly主要用于句首：放在句末有时也是可以的。surely通常位于句首或句末，尽管它也可位于动词之后。它主要用于疑问句：Surely you could pay 1? =You could pay 1，surely ? 一英镑你总是付得出的吧？ 注意：虽然形容词sure和certain在意思上较接近，但副词surely和certainly意思就不同了。 certainly （definitely肯定）：He was certainly there； there is no doubt about it. 他 肯定在那儿；这是毫无疑问的。但是surely表示说话人不能完全确定后面的陈述是真实的。尽管说话人认为那是真实的，但还 需要加以证实：Surely he was there ?他一定在那儿吧？（我差不多能肯定他在那里。）B其他修饰全句的副词admittedly，（un）fortunately，frankly，honestly*，（un） luckily，naturally*，officially* 等通常位于句首，但有时放在句末也是可以的。常常用一个逗号将它与句子的其他部分隔开。带星号的几个副词也可作方式副词：Honestly，Tom didnt get the money.老实说，汤姆没有拿到钱。（这是修饰全句的副词。 在这里honestly意为“老实地”。说话人向我们保证汤姆没有拿到钱。）Tom didnt get the money honestly. =Tom got the money dishonestly .汤姆是以不诚实 的方法取得这笔钱的。（方式副词）Very much到底修饰什么？very much意为greatly （非常）时，在肯定句中使用比较广泛。常和它一起用的词有blame （责备），praise （赞扬），thank （感谢）及一些表达感情的动词：admire （钦佩），amuse （使娱悦），approve （赞成），dislike （不喜欢），distress （使烦恼），enjoy （喜爱）， impress （使有深刻印象），like （喜欢），object （反对），shock （震惊），surprise（使惊奇）等等：Thank you very much .非常感谢你。They admired him very much .他们很钦佩他。She objects very much to the noise they make .她非常反对他们弄出的噪音。much+过去分词，much （=greatly非常）可以和very连用，也可以省去very而与下列分词连用: admired （受钦佩的），amused （娱悦的），disliked （不受喜欢的），distressed （烦恼 的），impressed （留有印象的），liked （受喜欢的），shocked （被震惊的），struck（受巨大影响的），upset （心烦意乱的）。He was （very） much a血ired.他很受人钦佩。She was （ very） much impressed by their good manners .他们彬彬有礼，给她留下了深 深的影响。各类副词在句中的位置关系方式副词及副词短语，常常位于地点副词及副词短语之前：He climbed awkwardly out of the window .他狼狈地从窗户上爬了出去。Hed study happily anywhere.但是，away，back， down， forward，home， in，off， on，out， round和叩常常位于方式副词 之前：He walked away sadly .他伤心地走了。She looked back anxiously .她不安地回头看。They went home quietly他们安安静静地回家了。They rode on confidently .他们信心十足地继续骑马前行。here和there也位于方式副词之前，但遇到副词hard，well，badly时则位于其后：He stood there silently .他一声不响地站在那里。但They work harder here .他们在这儿工作更卖劲。表示时间的副词及副词短语，位于表示方式和地方的副词及副词短语之后：They worked hard in the garden today .他们今天在园子里干得很卖劲。He lived there happily for a year .他在那儿愉快地居住了一年。表示时间的副词及副词短语，也可位于句首：Every day he queued patiently at the bus stop .他每天都耐心地在公共汽车站排队。频度副词的位置：（a）always，continually，frequently，occasionally，often，once，twice，periodically， repeatedly， sometimes， usually（b）ever， hardly ever， never， rarely， scarcely ever， seldomA以上两组副词通常用在下列位置：1动词be的一般现在时后面：He is always in time for meals .他总是赶得上吃饭。2放在其他动词的一般现在时前面：They sometimes stay up all night .他们有时整夜不睡。3动词如果是复合时态并由一个以上动词构成时，这类副词放在第一个助动词后面；如果动词 是疑问式，则放在助动词+主语之后：You have often been told not to do that.多次告诫过你别干那事。Have you ever ridden a camel ?你骑过骆驼吗？特殊情况（a）这类副词放在used to和have to的前面：You hardly ever have to remind him ； he always remembers .你根本不用提醒他；他总是 记得的。（b）如在补充陈述或答话中单独使用助动词，频度副词常放在这类动词之前：an you park your car near the shops ? Yes， I usually can. 一你可以在商店附近停车吗？一是的，通常可以。I know I should take exercise , but I never do.我知道我应该进行体育锻炼，但我从来 没这样做过。如助动词应重读时，频度副词也常放在助动词之前：She hardly ever has met him.她几 乎从来没有遇见过他。当do用于表示强调时，也是如此：I always do arrive in time !我总是及时到达的！ 也可以用重读的频度副词来表示强调，这时频度副词仍放在助动词后面：You should always check your oil before starting.每次开车启动前你必须检查一下油 量。quite， fairly, rather, pretty 的用法区别一、含义上的区别1.这几个副词都可表示程度，fairly语气最轻，尽管经常与褒义词连用， 但由于语气较弱，往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏，通常译为“还算”、“相当”相当fairly good，指的可能是还勉强过得去，只是没有否定。2. quite语气稍重，意为“颇”或“相 当”。要是说某一部电影quite good，那是说这部电影相当不错，虽不是最好，但至少值得 看。3. rather或pretty在语气上又稍重一点，意为十分”或“相当”（pretty不如rather 正式）。要是说某一部电影rather / pretty good，指的是这电影相当不错，语气比较重， 意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料地好。两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与褒义词连用， 表示一种愉快的心情，与贬义（包括不褒不贬）词连用，表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。如： She looked rather quite nervous.她显得相当紧张Itsa rather quite interesting book.它是一本相当有趣的书。She looked rather quite disappointed about it.她对此显得相当失望4. very语气最强，意为“很”或“或非常”。要是说某一部电影very good，这是说这部电 影很不错，算得上是精品之作。以上几个副词按语气的轻重可大致描述为：（not） - fairly f quite f rather / pretty f very二、用法上的差别1.以上各词中，只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too （太）连用。如： Its rather warmer today.今天暖和多了。This one is rather too large.这个稍大 了一点。The exercise was rather too difficult.这练习未免太难了。注：quite 有时 也与比较级连用，但主要限于quite better （身体好）这一表达中。2. rather和quite有时可直接修饰动词，而其他几个副词一般不这样用。如：I quite agree with you.我完全同意你