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Unit four Earthquakes1. burst爆裂,突发 The square is bursting with tourists. 广场上到处都是游客。 I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我觉得自己快乐得心花怒放。 The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。 There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里忽然爆发出一阵笑声。 联想扩展：(1) burst in on忽然打断 He burst in on our conversation. 他忽然打断了我们的谈话。(2) burst into +n. 忽然 The speaker burst into angry speech. 演讲者忽然讲粗话。(3) burst out + doing忽然The woman burst out crying like a child. 那个妇女忽然像小孩同样哭了。(4) burst to do sth. 迫切想做某事 I am bursting to tell you the news. 我迫不及待的想告诉你这个消息。2. suffer 用法归纳： A, 受苦 He suffered terribly when his mother died. B, 受到损失 If I lost, my self-esteem will suffer. C, 遭受 He suffered no pain 联想扩展：suffer from 1、受之苦 I suffered most from lack of rest. 2、患病 I am suffering from a cold. 特别提醒： suffer表达“患病”时，后面一般跟疾病名称。 _ such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river . A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered3. reach 用法归纳：（1）到达 The started early, hoping to reach there before dark. 它们很早就出发，希望天黑前到达那里。 易混辨析： reach; get; arrive 到达 reach后直接加地点； get加to再加地点；arrive后加at/ in再加地点，at 后加小地点；in后加大地点。假如表达地点的词是副词，get和arrive后都不能用介词。此外，只表达“到了”，不强调到什么地方用arrive。 （2）达成 The number of the students in our school will reach 2023 next year. （）用手或脚够到Can you reach the book on the top of the shelf? 你可以到书架顶上的那本书吗？特别提醒：reach还可以作名词，表达“用手或脚可以到的范围；管辖范围或臂展”。Please pass me the salt, its out of my reach. 请把盐递给我，我够不到。 （4）传到某人手中/耳中Your letter reached me yesterday. 我昨天收到你的来信。The news reached me just now. 我刚刚听到那个消息。 （5）通向；延伸Where does this road reach? 这条路通向哪里？即时活用： 1、Most children stay at home until they _ school age.A. get B.come C. reach D. arrive 2、Dear Jenny, thank you for your letter which _ on April 1st.A. arrived B. arrived at C. arriving D. arrived me 3、It is _that the letter will _you this afternoon.A. most like; arriveB. likely; reach C. mostly like; getD. best like; reach4.cover （1）覆盖 The playground is covered by fallen leaves, we should clean it. 特别提醒： 表达“覆盖”时，常用coverwith / by句型，并且译法比较灵活。 I am covered by dust. 我满身都是土。She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手捂着脸。 （2）涉及；包含；涉及 The study of physics covers many subjects. (3) 保护；掩护The mother covered the baby from the falling ceiling.母亲保护婴儿不受下落的天花板的伤害。 （4）走完多少路；看完多少页书。 I can cover 100 Li on foot a day. 我一天不行能走100里。 How many pages have you covered? 你看完了多少页书？ （5）占多大面积 Our school covers an area of 60.000 square meters. 我们学校占地60000平方米。 特别提醒： 表达“占多大面积”用covers an area of +数词。 （6）采访 The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event. 主编派了一记者去采访整个事件。 1、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and _ an area of 15 square kilometers.A. covered B. being covered C. covering D. covers 2、This is a long hard winter, with everything _ white.A. covered B. covered by C. covering D. covering with 3、This book is said to be a special one which _ many events not found in other history books. A. writes B. covers C. prints D. reads 4、This is a long hard winter, with everything _ white.A. covered B. covered by C. covering D. covered with 5、The farm is huge, lying between the valleys, and _ an area of 15 square kilometers.A. covered B. being covered C. covering D. covers5. dig out挖出；发现；捐钱It is not easy to dig out the past. 发掘过去的历史是不容易的。He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了，得把他挖出来。联想扩展：dig down 挖下 dig in 开始细致的工作 dig at 挖苦；嘲笑某人 dig deep 挖深；挖出来dig for 发掘；搜集 dig into 钻研 dig up 掘起；挖出6. 表达方位的介词 in / on / to / off用法归纳： （1）in 表达在范围里的某个方向Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。(2) on表达接壤Canada is on the north of the USA. 加拿大在美国北边。(3) to表达不在范围里，也不接壤Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国东边。特别提醒：上边的句子可以改写为：Japan lies east of China.或者 East of China lies Japan.改正过的句子省略了介词to，因素在于表达方向的名词还可以作副词，表达“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。(4) off 表达A. 在范围里但不接壤（多指各国的岛屿）Taiwan is off the east of China. 台湾在中国的东部。B. 在离不远处My house is off the main road. 我家离大路不远。1、Taiwan lies_ the southeast of Fujian, which is _ southeast of China. A. in; on B. to; in C. on; in D. to; on 2、They traveled _, all the way up to Wisconsin .A. the north B. in the north C. north D. the south7. keep / stop /preventfrom doing 防止 /阻止发生What prevented you from coming on time? 什么事情使你没有准时到？积极句中，stop和prevent 后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略。被动句中，三个词后面的from都不能省略。即时活用：It seems very difficult _.A. to stop the child to cry B. preventing the child cryingC. to keep the child from crying D. holding the childs crying8. make sure = be sure (1) + to do 一定；务必Be sure to come on time this afternoon. 下午一定要准时到。 (2) + of + n. 把弄确切I know there is a train to Beijing tonight, but you should make sure of the time. (3) + that从句We are sure that China will become a strong and powerful country.be sure / make sure to do = be certain to do be sure / make sure of + n. = be certain of + n.be sure / make sure + that = be certain + that当be sure / make sure + that时，句子的主语必须是人；而be certain + that时，句子的主语用it。1、It is _ that they both have the greatest respect for each other. A. certain B. sure C. certainly D. surely2、-Henry, _ the light is _ when you leave the lab. -All right. A. be sure; turned down B. make sure; turned off C. sure; turn off D. make sure; turning off9. protect vt. 保护 （1）protect sth. To protect the environment, we should drive less. 为了保护环境，我们应当少开车。（2）protect sth. / sb. from + n.You should wear a pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the snow. （3）protect sb. / sth. from doing Ge You speaks carefully in public to protect himself from being hurt.（4）protect A against B The tree belts can protect this area against shifting sand. 1、He raised both his arms to protect his face _ the ball. A. from B. for C. with D. to 2、At the meeting, we reached a conclusion that we should do what we could _ the Yellow River from being further polluted. A. to protect B. protecting C. protect D. protected 3、Youd better wear your sunglasses to protect your eyes _ the sun.A. from B. with C. in D. under10.There is no + doing 是不也许的There is no knowing how old he is. 不知道他多大。There is no persuading him to give up his idea. 不也许说服他放弃他的观点。11、大量的修饰不可数名次 a great / good deal / a large amount of / much修饰可数名次 many / a number of / a great(good) many即可修饰可数名次也可修饰不可数名次 plenty of / a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / a mass of / masses of1、I spent _ of my time in this work.A. a plenty B. a good many C. a good deal D. great deal 2、How many books does he have - He possesses _them.A. plenty of B. very much C. a great deal D. an amount ofThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs （粘膜炎） and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic （滑稽的） press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.16. All boys and girls in large families know that.A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together B）people tend to be together more than they used to be C）a lot of people being together makes fights likely D）Railway leads the world to peace17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except.A）the railway enables people travel fast B）the railway brings comfort to people C）the railway makes the world peaceful D）the railway leads the world to war as well.18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but.A）tunnels are dangerous to public health B）the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect peoples nerves C）the rapid speed through the air does damage to peoples lungs D）to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die19. We may safely conclude that.A）the author belongs to the anti-railway group B）the author belongs to the for-railway group C）the author speaks highly of the railway D）the author may never take train because of its potential dangers20. What is the tone of this passage?A）Practical B）Satirical C）Humorous D）ExaggeratedDear Li Hua, Your problem is a common one among middle school students. Maybe the following advices can help you. First in all, believe in yourself. Your greatest problem is that you lackself-confidence. The first thing you must do is to smile at your classmates. One smile speaks loudabout your wish to make friends than any word. Your smiles will show that you are friendly to him. Next, trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you.You can discuss your studies with a classmate, and you can talk your hobbies as well. Unless anyone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her. Once if you have confidence, you can make as many friends as possibly.
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