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阅读 北京市八一中学 ； 阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下： 1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测 故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获 取信息； 6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到 15万词以上 ( 上海的要求更高一些， 30万词以上 )所谓阅读能 力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评 价能力。 分门别类识别文体 随着信息时代的到来，阅读内 容更趋于信息化、时代化，突破了 单一的故事、寓言等题材，内容涉 及新闻、广告、科普、医疗、教育 等，文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产 品说明、逻辑推理及实际应用等文 体。不同的文体阅读的要求与方法 不尽相同 。 记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人 物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的 关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征 等 议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观点，因 此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清 论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论； 应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广 告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各 异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的 阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容 。 1.The main idea of the passage is _ 2. The passage mainly discuss _ 3. What is the best title of the passage? 4. What is the main topic of this passage? 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? (一 )主旨题 事实细节题 1. Which of the following is TURE? 2. Which of the following is NOT TURE? 3. Which of the following is NOT TURE? 4. The main reson for is _. 词义 /句义题 1. 1.The word” in the Line X mainly to show that _. 2.In paragraph X, the word refers to _ 3.The word in paragraph can be replaced by _. 4.It in line X most probably refers to _. 阅读文学材料的快速性 阅读文学材料的无声性 阅读方法的科学性 一）略读 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通 过略读获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速 阅读时，训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要 内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。 二）跳读 带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽 略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节 检索式问题。 （三）组读 以意群为单位，一组一组视读。 边读边理解。减少眼停次数，缩短“眼脑直映” 时间。 Using the title Using the pictures their own experience Before reading activities To introduce the topic and give students enough background knowledge to make sense of the text. Predict the text. discussion, questions. While reading: Help students understand the writers purpose, the text structure, the main idea, the surface and underlying meaning of the passage. Activities: Skimming, scanning, and detailed comprehension, jig- saw reading. After reading activities Speaking Changing role playing Writing Rounding-off stage She poured the water into the tock. Then lifting the tock she drunk. Unfortunately, as she was setting it down again, the tock slipped from her hand and broke Only the handle remained in one piece. 1. definition All other birthdays are called sing il (born day). The six first birthday is called Huan gup ( beginning of new life. be, mean, be considered, to be , refer to, be called, be known as, fine, represent The harbor is protected by a jetty- a wall built out into the water. anthropology is the scientific study of man. Jane is indecisive, that is , she cant make up her mind. The reason that it is valuable vase is that it is gilded covered with a thin layer of gold. That and only that makes it worth a thousand dollars. restatement 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间 多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号， 冒号，分号，引号，和括号等 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e 1. He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill. 4. Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 2. Carbon monoxide is a haxious gas which can cause death. 3. I am a resolute girl. Once I set up my goal, I wont give it up. 4. General knowledge 1. The door is so low that I hit my head on the lintel. 2. Mark got on the motobike. I sat behind him on the pillion and we roared off into the night. Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.。 Water is made from oxygen and hydrogen.； examples: 1. Select any of these periodicals: time, newsweek, readers digest. 2. She is studying glaucoma and other disease of the eye. They were congenial friend- for example they both enjoyed science fiction films, both liked Mexican food, and had long agreeable conversation. Very young children are fed pap- for instance, mashed peas and carrots, cat meal, mashed bananas and so on. compair 1. The snow was falling big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers. 2. The hot-air ballon took off. It was as huoyant in the air as a cork in water. similarly， like， just as， also contrast 1. Jane was talking with others while sue remained reticent all the time. 2. Most of us agreed, however Bill dissented. 3. Dexters approach is old-fashioned but Marias is novel. 表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是 unlike， not， but， however， despite， in spite of， in contrast 和 while 引导的并列句等。 Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. Complex word: prefixes, suffixes Compound word 根据构词法猜测词意 前缀 un-表反义词，如 happy、 unhappy， fair、 unfair， important、 unimportant等。 后缀 - ment表名词，如 develop、 development， state、 statement， argue、 argument等。 后缀 -er、 -or或 -ist表同源名词，如 c alculate、 calculator， visit、 visitor， law、 lawyer， wait、 waiter， sci- ence、 scientist， art、 artist等。
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