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Unit 5-2 常用翻译技巧二 :词性与结构的转换 “词性和结构的转换”是指译文中的词语和原文中的词语在类 别、性质上发生了转换 ,或者是相关成分在句子结构中发生了改变。 此译法是翻译中最为常用的变通手段,是突破原文词法、句法格局, 化阻滞为通达的重要方法。离开必要的词性转换,势必会导致生硬 拗口甚至是晦涩难懂的译文。 转换词性要本着忠实于原文含义、有助于译文通顺流畅原则。 从理论上说 :词性的转换没有限制。比如:名词可以 转换成动词、形容词、副词等,动词可又转换成名词、动 词等,不一而足。 从实践上说 :英汉语的词性转换也有一定规律。最明 显的一点是 ,英语较喜欢多用 名词 和 介词 ,而汉语则多用 动词 。 (Part-of-speech and Structural Transformations) 1、 The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion, and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy. 她们首先 倾吐 了要做姑嫂的喜悦,两位小姐高兴地一 次次拥抱,洒下了欣喜的泪花。 (名词 动词 ) 2、 Tesss pride would not allow her to turn her head again, to learn what her father s meaning was, if he had any 苔丝 出于自尊 , 不愿再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂, 如果他真的在搞什么名堂的话 (名词 动词 ) English-Chinese Written Translation. Copyright (C) 2006 by Wei Jianhua. All Rights Reserved 3. I saw that his face was pale. I followed his eyes across the room to a Woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers. 我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光,看到餐厅那边有个女人 端着托盘(在)给几位客人 上 饮料。(介词 动词) 4. Father passed his hand over his face. 父亲用手摸了摸脸。(介词 动词) 5. He is admired by everybody. 大家都很敬佩他。(被动 主动;主语 宾语) English-Chinese Written Translation. Copyright (C) 2006 by Wei Jianhua. All Rights Reserved 4. Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi. 在这些照片中 我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、 甘地这些人的交往。(主语 状语 ; 名词 介词短语) 5. He drew a deep breath. 他 深深地 吸了一口气。(定语 状语;形容词 副词) English-Chinese Written Translation. Copyright (C) 2006 by Wei Jianhua. All Rights Reserved 4) For a long time, China has dreamed of opening its doors and inviting the worlds athletes to Beijing for the Olympic Games. (Jacques Rogge, Olympic Committee president) 很久以来,中国一直梦想着打开国门,邀请世界各地 的运动员 来 北京 参加 奥运会。 (国际奥委会主席 雅克 罗格 ) (介词 动语 ) English-Chinese Written Translation. Copyright (C) 2006 by Wei Jianhua All Rights Reserved P.S. 倒译与顺译 倒译:即与原文的语序相反 ,是语法上的需要。 顺译:即与原文的语序相同(此处略) 。 1.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have independent finances. 香港特别行政区将保持 财政独立 。(形、名倒译) 2. Advance was slow, however, because of the powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas. 然而,由于科学方法和科学理论的抵触非常顽强 ,这 一进展非常缓慢。(状语及状语从句与主句位置提前) English-Chinese Written Translation. Copyright (C) 2006 by Wei Jianhua All Rights Reserved 科学家必须接受事实,即使 这些事实 并非 他们 所希望 看到的。 (主宾颠倒;后一句也可译成 “ 即使他们不情 愿见到这些事实 ” ,但语气稍重些。) 3. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. 好几个星期以来 ,愤怒和痛苦一直在折磨着我, 激烈 的挣扎过后 则是深深的疲惫。 (由于动词的原因,根据汉 语习惯,该词前后的内容进行了倒译,同时介词短语 for weeks 也进行了倒译) 4. Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different.
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