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我为家乡献一策 我为家乡献一策 -雷州文化报告 作者姓名：郑凯仁学校，广东技术师范学院西校区机电学院 摘要广东省雷州市位于雷州半岛中部，是国家级历史文化名城，有着厚重的历史文化底蕴。这里四季如春，风光旖旎，物华天宝，人杰地灵，是镶嵌在祖国大陆最南端的一颗璀璨明珠雷州市历史文化名城广东省雷州市是国务院批准的第三批国家历史文化名城,位于雷州半岛中部,东临雷州湾,西濒北部湾,南经徐闻达琼州海峡,1994年由海康县改制而来雷州由于历史的渊源地缘关系，成为历史上楚越文化、土著文化、闽南移民文化、海洋文化和中原文化的交汇地，进而逐渐形成独特的雷州文化！?地域狭小，其旅游资源的多样性和独特性不足多种旅游资源满足旅游者不同需求雷州市发展旅游经济，必须扬长避短，科学定位，进一步整合与开发建设旅游资源 雷州文化概况雷州市的旅游资源大体可分为历史文化古迹、非物质文化遗产和自然景观三类。前者包括著名的雷祖祠、三元塔、天宁寺、十贤祠、苏公亭、寇公亭、真武堂等悠久的历史文化遗迹或古建筑，中者包括飘色游行、傩舞、散花舞和有三百年历史的雷剧等，后者包括雷州西湖及沿海的景观。目前已形成了以历史文化遗迹为依托，结合自然景观的西湖公园、三元塔公园和雷祖祠旅游区三处旅游点，初步成为旅游网络雷祖祠 位于广东省雷州市城西南五里之英榜山，依山傍水，风景秀丽，称“雷岗耸异”，为雷阳八景之一。始建于唐贞观十六年（公元642年），是纪念唐代雷州首任刺史陈文玉（雷祖）的相堂。为国家重点文物的保护单位。祠依山而筑 ，北构南趋，山下是一望无垠的万顷洋田，其势极其雄伟壮观。祠分三进，由山门、正殿、侧殿、后殿、东西庑、钟鼓楼、碑廊等建筑组成，全部建筑沿中轴线布局。顺山门青石板台阶拾级而上可直通后殿，占地面积一万多平方米，是岭南地区最大的祠堂之一。山门依屋宇三间面宽洞开而三，为硬山顶，硬山檩式结构。山门门联：“霹雳开天南一祖，声名为海北同尊”，是对雷祖降世的美丽传说及“受职父母邦，德政彰明”的赞誉。二进为祠的建筑主体，分正殿及东、西侧殿。正殿前设有拜亭，整个建筑形制呈“凸”字形排列，依次供奉陈文玉（中）、李太尉（汉朝的李广，居左）及英山石神（右），俗称“雷词三殿”。正殿面宽进深各三间，硬山顶，四柱抬梁式梁架结构，举梁平缓，前檐廊出檐极宽，建筑风格独特，富有地方特色。沿着前檐廊可从东侧殿直通西侧殿，殿前屏风精雕细刻，玲珑剔透，巧夺天工。雷祖祠历史悠久，词内文物十分丰富，有千年石人、乾隆御踢匾额及历代碑刻30余通。历代显宦名流，骚人墨客，游览之余无不留下感人的诗篇。寇准有诗，东坡有赋，丁谓作记，李纲题碑，这些诗赋碑刻历尽人世沧桑至今尚珍藏于祠内，堪称祖国文物之瑰宝。雷祖祠神话传说纷经，其中千年石人就有一段美丽的传说：五代后梁开平四年，寇贼符益喜等不输税粮，倡乱骚扰，还煽动民族纠纷，闹得雷州无宁日。钦差都知司马陈襄，带领12只船的兵力，围剿征讨。当时，符益喜等驻师庙中，因朝廷官兵不熟悉情况，屡战不胜。后来，陈真虔祷雷祖，并于庙前张榜招兵。次日复战，陈襄远远望见雷祖陈文玉与汉太尉李广协同阴兵助战，这场战斗果获大胜，但贼首末擒。至夜，陈襄梦见雷祖对其目：“贼来降我，我收在庙前，化为石人。”黎明起视，果见四石人跪子庙庭，其中一个被杀了头。雷州从此得以太平，陈襄等拜谢雷祖，并具疏奏闻朝廷，于开平改元乾化二年，朝廷命郡它重建雷祖庙宇，并于雷祖庙西建李太尉庙，塑太尉像，与英山石神列而为三，称“雷词三殿”。雷祖祠自唐贞观十六年始建，迄今已1350多年了。方志典籍多有记载，唐代刘恂的岭表录异、宋代太平寰宇记、宋本方舆览胜、明末清初的广东新语，子不语以及当代出版的华夏诸神、超凡世界、中国崇拜物等书都均有记述。古代闻名于世的“天下四绝”（雷州换鼓、钱塘江潮、广德埋藏、登州海市）中的“雷州换鼓”就是发生在雷祖祠的民俗事象。“雷州换鼓”是古代雷州人在雷祖祠内举行的一种隆重的“祭雷”仪式。雷祖志载：“至于-。雷车雷鼓等物，各以板图藏于庙内，令郡民当里役者依样修造，逢上元日，齐候文武各官送太庙致祭，名日开雷。又办酒席-。官民同乐，始得风调雨顺，不然则岁悍年凶，自是有祷则应，雷郡获享国泰民安之福”。广东新语云：“六月二十四日，雷州人必供雷较以酬雷，祷而得雷公之墨，光莹如漆，则以治邪扭惊痌.”“雷公墨”即陨石，古代雷州人称为“雷公石”或“霹雳碪”、并当作一种驱邪避灾之物，可见古代雷州人把雷公作为一种能造福或降祸于人的强大力量象征而铭刻于心，所以“祭雷”仪式的隆重也不言而喻了。现在，“雷州换鼓”早已失传，当代雷州人只能从典籍中窥见一二。雷州西湖公园 是一座风景秀丽，人文荟萃，集自然风光、贤踪圣迹和各种游乐项目于一体的园林式综合性公园，人们游罢，不仅目睹独具南天一格的风貌，而且似耳聆一曲情节起伏的雷州史话。游园先话“湖”：西湖在宋代以前是一处烟水苍茫，任流任伏的“野水”，是宋代城郊水利工程的“水库”，为浩瀚的东洋潮田输送甘露，亦是古代雷州的一处游 览胜地，留下过不少文土贤臣的脚印。其古称“雷湖”，那时，它的储水面积约为现在西湖的五六倍，随着环境的变迁，曾经有过湖变田，田变湖的反复过程。宋代以前，湖滨只有天宁古刹与碧水朝夕相依，宋咸淳年间湖滨始建横舟、狎鸥、涿飞、放生、总宜、流水孤舟、州之眉目、泼泼地等八个亭，横跨南堤建惠济东、西两座桥梁。此后，又出现苏公亭及其名反复更改的与众、信芳、湖心等亭。从这些亭、桥的雅趣的、有特定内涵的命名，可以追溯此湖当年的风貌。一幅波光上下，亭榭辉映，鸟翔鱼跃，扁舟溅浪的画图展示在眼前。 自从大文豪苏轼兄弟在此醉游之后，罗湖更名为西湖。由罗湖 到西湖历经千百年沧桑，时兴时衰。它曾以 “西湖翠拥”列入古雷州八景之一。当年之湖滨与唐代始建的天宁禅寺连成一片，正因为有它壮丽的美景衬托，古寺才有幸取得“万山第一”的赞语。明代进士、海北南守道袁茂美对西湖景物的观察十分尽，他围绕湖、堤、亭、船、田、鱼、月、雨写了八咏，其中咏西湖亭是这 样描述的：“湖水流澹动，亭台巧结作。倒影青天里，分明七星落。四窗纳靓景，高树罩疏幂。于焉暂游想，俯仰尽寥廓。”详由于种种原因，西湖亦曾经出现过“牛眠荒草夕阳多”的荒芜景象。世纪80年代起，地方政府把建设西湖公园作为一项精神文明建设工程来抓，经过多年的修葺点缀，它又开始复苏并显得更加优美。人们从跨湖九曲桥、苏公亭、别湖亭、迎秀亭伫立眺望，澄湖碧柳，绿波粼粼，这个具有亚热带和江南水乡色彩的公园沉浸在绿色之中，明月清风，春色盎然。椰树、槟椰树扶摇直上和与湖水结有不懈之缘的垂柳及各种多姿的花草林木，争奇斗艳，姹紫嫣红，组成一幅瑰丽的青纱帐，其间隐隐约约地微露出红墙绿瓦，龙凤飞 檐。夏秋时节，青蝉从清晨到傍晚尽情鸣唱。为增添游人乐趣，最近又将公园湖滨长200米的临街围墙改成文化走廊，它是由通透式栅栏及十座亭阁式橱窗组成，以陈列书、诗、画、影片、图片介绍地方掌故、轶事和宣传党的方针政策，亭阁栅栏古色古香，与公园建筑融为一体，新颖别致。天宁寺天宁寺位于雷州城西湖路，又称“天宁寿禅寺”，至今已有1200多年的历史。全寺屋舍50多间，占地面积5000多平方米，是雷州半岛第一古刹，也是岭南历史较久，规模较大的名寺之一。天宁寺为三进院落、四舍院布局，建筑风格独特。历代迁客骚人如苏轼、寇准、苏辙、秦观、李纲等都曾寄居天宁寺，并留下许多脍炙人口的诗文。素称南方的兵马俑之称的雷州石狗 上古的雷州，是一块荒蛮之地，瘴气浓重，人气不旺，为生儿育女，增加人口，从古至今，体魄健壮的石狗最受雷州民众的崇拜。于是便雕刻高大威猛、带有硕大生殖器的石狗进行祭拜祈祷，若有灵验，又前来答谢石狗，还祈求其保佑小孩平安长大。有的孩子还取名“狗子”，直到现在，一些抱孙心切的老人，仍在初一、十五日捧三碗番薯(地瓜)汤或三碗饭与一块猪肉，偷偷地向石狗烧香求拜。雷州石狗是雷州人民时代繁衍生息中遗留下的宝贵文化，是一种独特的民间艺术创作。很可惜，在文革期间，石狗被视为“四旧”而遭劫，许多石狗被砸毁，弃之深山荒野，有的湮没泥沙、河渠，难觅其踪。雷州石狗分布不均匀，呈现沿海多、内陆少，西部多、东部少的特点。主要分布在徐闻、雷州、廉江、遂溪等地乡村的村头、巷口、庙宇旁，以及房屋门前、水塘边。其中以徐闻县迈陈镇、角尾镇；雷州市龙门镇、覃斗镇；廉江市营仔、横山镇、良垌镇；遂溪县江洪镇、草潭镇等地的石狗数量为多。不同地域发现的石狗形态差异很大，区域间发展演变的序列特征比较明显，一般发现石狗的村庄建村年代都比较早，最迟也在清末民国时期。据不完全统计，雷州半岛遗留的石狗近万只。目前，仅湛江、雷州等地博物馆收集到的石狗已有近500只，大部分石狗或散落在乡野荒郊、村头巷尾，或掩埋地下，或由村民自行保管。雷州石狗全国罕见雷州半岛石狗艺术源远流长，雷州石狗历史悠久，数量众多，分布广泛，内涵丰富，造型千姿百态，形神各异，栩栩如生，是一份独具地方特色的珍贵文化艺术遗产。本文探讨了雷州半岛石狗雕刻艺术的分布、产生、用途、造型特点以及艺术特色。雷州石狗雕刻艺术是雷州半岛上的一朵艺术奇葩。雷州石狗造型千姿百态，形神各异，栩栩如生，且历史悠久，数量众多，分布广泛，内涵丰富，独具地方民俗文化特色，在全国绝无仅有，是珍贵的文化艺术遗雷州的民俗文化活动丰富多彩，妙趣横生。元宵佳节，城乡各地的飘色游行势恢宏；阳春三月，松竹、南兴、覃斗等地的傩舞(走成伥)及流行各处的散花舞引人入胜，这两个古老的舞蹈被选入中国民族民间舞蹈集成。古朴的雷州歌，有三百年历史的雷剧更为人们所喜闻乐见。 ?雷州景色美不胜收，既有西湖翠拥、雁塔题名、一龙烟绕、万顷连云等旧雷阳八景，也有天成台、高山寺、宝林禅寺等新景点。登临三元古塔，极目东眺，万顷良田，莽莽苍苍，南海波涛，天水一色。眼前景物，令人目不暇接，游人到此，莫不块垒尽消，惊叹天地造化之奇，鬼斧神工之妙。staff and workers representativesThe representatives of the staff and workers from the unit or away from retirement, on behalf of automatically disqualified, on behalf of the delegation to the original vacancy shall be in accordance with the provisions of the election.Replace the fourteenth representatives of the staff and workersThere are the representatives of the employees, who have the right to change the unit:1, due to illegal law and discipline punishment;2, often without reason not to participate in the activities of the staff representatives of the staff and the organization of the work of the organization, a serious dereliction of duty;3, because of unpaid leave, sick leave and long-term, full-time study and so on, not to participate in the activities of the post of the staff and workers congress;4, removed from the unit, from the original delegation.The rights of the representatives of the fifteenth employeesFirst, the incumbent will have the right to vote in the election, the right to vote and the right to vote.Two, have the right to participate in the Congress and its working mechanism in the company. Check all relevant departments to carry out the workers congress resolution and proposal to implement the situation, have the right to the right to participate in the personnel of the company leadership question.Three, to participate in the organization of the staff and workers Congress of the activities of the organization and occupy production or work hours, according to the normal attendance to enjoy the treatment of the case.Four, the exercise of democratic rights of workers representatives. Any organization or individual person shall stop, obstruct and take revenge complex.Five, during the term of office workers, in addition to personal serious negligence, enterprises may not perform their duties on behalf of the reasons for the lifting of the labor contract or employment changes.Obligations of the sixteenth employees representativesOne, to study the principles, policies, laws and regulations of the party and the state, and constantly improve the political consciousness, technical and technical level and the ability to participate in the management.Two, in close contact with the masses, representing the legitimate rights and interests of workers, truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses, workers, seriously implement the Congress resolution. To do good work, Congress gave the patience to do ideological education of the masses education work.Three, adhere to the basic principles of the four basic principles, and abide by the national laws, regulations and rules and regulations, labor discipline, do their own work.Four, do a business owner, actively participate in the democratic management of enterprises, as well as to their own political obligations, really play the role of staff representatives.The fourth chapter organization systemThe twenty-seventh Congress Chairman presided over the meeting. All the members of the presidium shall have the workers, technical staff, management staff and leading cadres. The technical workers, technical personnel, management personnel should be more than Banbanshu.The eighteenth Congress will be held once a year. Each meeting will be there must be more than 2/3 of workers representatives.In case of major events, the proposal by the general manager, a trade union or more than one of the staff representatives of three points, cocoa held a provisional meeting.Behalf of the general assembly of the representatives of the general assembly to elect and make a resolution, must be approved by the majority of all representatives of the staff and workers.The nineteenth Congress should focus on enhancing enterprise vitality, promote technological progress, improve the economic benefit for enterprise management, an important problem of the distribution system and other aspects of the life of workers to determine the issue.Twentieth items will function in its decision within the scope of its powers, not by the workers Congress agrees not to repair.Twenty-first post Congress may according to the needs, set up a number of dry matters related to the special committee, complete the staff assigned by clubs.Article Erershier a Congress session, an important issue to be a temporary solution, by the trade union congress convened the meeting on behalf of the table, the head of a negotiation process, and a downward, the workers congress report confirmed.Joint conference may be based on the contents of the meeting to invite Party and government officials or other relevant personnel to participate.The fifth chapter Congress and trade unionArticle twenty-third the trade union committee of the public company shall, as the working organization of the staff and workers representative assembly, undertake the following work:One, the organization staff elected representatives;Two, the proposal on the issue of the staff and workers Congress is put forward, and the main task is to organize the work of the preparatory work of the staff and workers Congress and to organize the work of the conference.33, presided over the meeting, the representatives of the employees association;Four, the special committee of the organization will carry out investigation and study, to make recommendations to the Congress on behalf of the general assembly, inspection and supervision to promote the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the decision of the general assembly;Five, to promote the democratic management of the staff and workers of the publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the study policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of staff representatives;Six, to accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of workers and staff representatives, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the representatives of the staff and workers;77, the organization of democratic management of other work.The sixth chapter, the democratic management of teams and groupsPrinciple of democratic management of the thirty-fourth departments, basically presided over by the branch to carry out. And should take leadership of the Department for the nuclear core absorption of employee representatives and branch Chairman chairman and members to participate in democratic management organization into the core management, carry out democratic management in enterprises and the work.Twenty-fifth actively carry out the democratic management team management, should be the administrative team as a unit, the absorption and absorption of trade unions and representatives of the small group of staff to participate in, to carry out the work of democratic management team.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsThe twenty-sixth Congress and the special committee of the fund and paid by the administrative and incentive fund.The twenty-seventh article of this Ordinance by Congress through the implementation, by the company responsible for the interpretation of trade unions.The Ershibaba Ordinance such as inconsistent with the provisions of relevant provisions and closed to superiors concerned shall prevail.Twenty-ninth all roads lead to the implementation of the regulations from the date of promulgation.The system of joint meeting of the workers Congress,According to the relevant provisions of the implementation of rules and regulations of the workers Congress is . To enable the company to post the workers congress system of joint conference system, programmed and standardized. Important problems need to be solved with the provisional Congress and timely and effective, making books system.Two, consideration (discussion) is determined by the question of the authority and scope of theThe joint meeting of the workers Congress is an important question consultation workers congress during the meeting will need a temporary solution, which includes two aspects: one is the important problem of fan of employees within the scope of Congress; two is an important problem for workers congress in the daily work.1, the trial scheme of distribution system and the important rules and regulations. The collective contract enterprise modification and involving important reform involves the vital interests of the workers and wage adjustment scheme, bonus allocation, insurance industry, labor protection measures, rules and regulations.2, the use of some of the benefits of the program, and other important matters of life and welfare of workers.3, according to the General Assembly authorized by the staff and workers, to deal with the principle of the General Assembly on behalf of the staff agreed, but also need to step by step to supplement the major issues of the decision and the resolution of the program.4, to discuss the study of corporate governance in the work of the democratic management of the question, to consider the work of the union president on behalf of the General Assembly on behalf of the General Assembly on the work of the democratic management of the report.5, the company and the union that need to submit administrative staff on behalf of the joint meeting agreed will.6, the major decisions of the above-mentioned enterprises, the problem should be submitted to the representative assembly of the workers Congress.Three, issues raised and identified by the programThere are about 1, involving the vital interests of workers is an important problem and important enterprise reform and important rules and regulations, according to the relevant provisions of the Congress will act by the general manager, and brought the company Party branch Department of soliciting opinions, the union office to send completion, submitted to the Congress for deliberation and decision or joint meeting through the discussion.In 2, the union office received the general manager of company submitted bill (draft draft), pay the Congress to discuss special door working group responsible for the organization, the on-the-job generation will held a joint meeting of 100 days prior to the representatives of the employees or post staff representatives and special working group for long discussion, such as the motion involved workers the immediate personal interests, should be sent to the various departments, teams, extensive collection, take to listen to the opinions and suggestions of the employees, and employees will post comments and suggestions feedback to the company general manager or the person in charge of the proposed bill (Department), according to their opinions and advice on the bill, the formation of a further amendment The Congress, submitted to the joint meeting will be decided or through.3, the workers Congress authorized matters, led by the labor union of the company, and the relevant administrative personnel called to convene, discuss on it, within the scope of authorization scheme changes, the formation of the bill, submitted to the joint decision or by the joint meeting.4, the company administrative or trade union congress should be required to submit a joint meeting agreed to decide the motion, proposed separately by the company general manager or trade union committee, submitted a joint meeting of Congress decided to consider or through.Four, the meeting held a time, to participate in personnel, host1, the joint meeting of Congress on principle to convene a quarterly, in case of a particular situation can be held temporarily, each meeting must have more than 2/3 members.2, the joint meeting of Congress involved in personnel: the company trade union committee committee member, the company employee congress represent each leader, company employee congress will the special work group leader.3, in order to make the Congress a joint meeting to discuss the problem to be solved properly, according to the meeting content can invite negative company party responsible person or concerned personnel to participate in.4, Congress joint meeting convened by the company trade union committee, company chairman of the trade union chair.Five, a joint meeting of the procedures and principles1, the consideration of the decision or the issue must be subject to compliance with state laws, regulations and superiors have the relevant provisions of the joint meeting of the democratic consultation system.2, the general manager of the company and the trade union shall not be allowed to move the provisional motion of the subject without prior to the meeting when the joint conference is held.3, when meeting, according to the motion of the case by clinging to the person in charge of the formulation of the bill, the main content and purpose, requirements, and serious discussion, each express express their views, on the basis of consensus on the formation of the resolution.4, a joint meeting to discuss the problem of disagreement from time to time, can be adjourned, the understanding of all aspects of general agreement, to submit joint meeting consultation.5, the company will be meeting with views of general manager and administrative aspects disagree, make a decision to suspend the cocoa, as far as possible by the sign of general manager of the company or the relevant administrative approval with consent, Party branch of company, make coordination, processing according to the coordination situation.Negotiate a joint meeting to deal with the problem of the general manager to the company by the general manager of the company, or the general manager instructed the relevant departments responsible for the implementation, and by the representative leader to convey to the representatives of the employees or position of the masses of workers.6, an important issue of the joint meeting of the consultative process, the companys trade union committee to report on behalf of the General Assembly on behalf of the general assembly, to be confirmed.Inspection and Implementation7, the joint meeting on the formation of a consensus proposal or motion case, the staff and workers on behalf of the group must be a consistent pace, strict implementation and seriously implement.8, in view of the relevant issues related to the formation of the program or the resolution, the relevant functional departments should be responsible for the implementation.9, the implementation of the plan or decision on the formation of consensus, the companys trade union office is responsible for the inspection, supervision and implementation, and by the companys trade union committee responsible for the implementation of the report to the staff representative assembly.Supplementary articles1, the system is responsible for the interpretation of the trade union committee of the company, the need for modification, supplement, must be discussed by the companys staff and workers on behalf of the general assembly.2, such as the system and the higher level of spiritual contrary to the higher level.This system has come into force since the workers Congress passed.Democratic appraisal leading cadres committee work responsibilitiesThis is on the Democratic Working Committee of leading cadres is the job workers congress under the special committee, open to work in coordination with the union. Its duty is to:One, in the companys unified arrangements and leadership under the guidance of, with the democratic appraisal of leading cadres working group and the Ministry of personnel, organization, discipline discipline inspection departments of the company leading cadres, the Department is mainly responsible for the de, can, diligence, performance, low five aspects of democratic appraisal, put forward the corresponding table of praise or criti