初中被动语态小结

初中被动语态小结初中被动语态小结一、语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。下面是各时态的被动语态的构成：一般现在时：amisare 动词的过去分词一般过去时：waswere 动词的过去分词一般将来时：willshall be 动词的过去分词现在进行时：amisare being 动词的过去分词过去进行时：was/were being 动词的过去分词现在完成时：havehas been 动词的过去分词过去完成时：had been+动词的过去分词过去将来时：would be+动词的过去分词三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、带有双宾语及省“to”不定式作宾补的句子变化：1.带有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语，通常有两种变化，既可以提前间宾，也可以提前直宾。如：They gave me some advice on English study.I was given some advice on English study by them./Some advice on English study was given to me by them.2.省去“to”的不定式作宾补变为被动语态时要加回“to”。如：He made the boy work all day.The boy was made to work all day.I saw them come into the room.They were seen to come into the room by me.六、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词be过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.练习：练习：()1.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done()2.Neither of them _ in China.A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made()3.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known()4.I _ in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born()5.He says that Mr.Zhang _ to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sentBACBD()6.Who _ this book _?A.did;written B.was;written by C.did;written D.was;written()7.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us()8.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump()9.The school bag _ behind the chair.A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put()10.So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visitedBBDBC