9b复习讲义修改

牛津英语9B Unit 1 复习讲义一、重点词汇compare.to. “把比作”connect A with B “将A和B相连接”compare.with “把和比较”connect A to B “将A连接到B上面”start with= begin with “以.开始”make sb. calm down “使某人镇定下来”take the place of “代替”make sb. feel very ill “使某人感到非常难受”二、语法点拨1. can,could,may,might表示许可Can用于问候朋友；could用于问候老师和成年人；may用于问候陌生人和你尊敬的人，显得正式而有礼貌；might用于非常有礼貌的场合，很少用。在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。如：-Could Can, May, Might I use it? 我可以借用它吗?- Yes, you can may. 可以。（不用 could / might）【小试牛刀】-Could I use your dictionary? -Yes，of course you _. A. can B. could C. might D. must2. 宾语从句(1) 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以用连词that，连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where以及if和whether引起。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分，if或whether表示疑问，而that没有意义仅起连接作用。(2) 宾语从句的分类： 作动词的宾语从句：Everyone knows that he is a good student. 作介词宾语：This depends on how hard you work. 作形容词的宾语：They are confident that they can do the job well.(3) 使用宾语从句要注意的问题： 宾语从句引导词that的省略： 形式宾语it：如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 宾语从句的时态呼应：如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念，其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. 宾语从句否定意义的转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play chess with you.I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.牛津英语9B Unit 1 短语汇总1在许多方面in many ways在某些方面in some ways2照顾；照料care for = take care of = look after被照顾；照料be cared for = be taken care of = be looked after3火星上的生活life on Mars4够到我的食物get to my food5能够做某事be able to do sth.6呈现药片的形状in the form of pills7使这人梦想成为现实make this dream become true8变得越来越拥挤become more and more crowded 9许多large numbers of = a number of = many10以.速度at the speed of 以光速的一半运行travel at half the speed of light11漂入太空中float away into space12飘浮在空中float in the air13因住在那里而生病get ill from living there14进行考试take exams15压缩食品；干缩食品/数码相机dried food/ digital camera16去火星的旅行/太空睡袋the journey to Mars/ space sleeping bag17某个安静的地方somewhere quiet18伤害某人do harm to sb. = harm sb.损伤某物do harm to sth.= harm sth.19在太空旅行travel in space20在地球的表面on the surface of Earth21在电脑的控制下under the control of computers22搬到地球之外move out of Earth23第一个住在火星上的人the first to live on Mars24让某人远离.keep sb. away from .25让某人做某事have/make/let sb. do sth.请某人做某事（让某事被做）have sth. done26防止飘浮prevent floating27拍高质量的图片take high-quality images28有许多存储空间have lots of memory space29被储存很多个月be stored for many months30不太阳系里in the solar system31最不重要的the least important32坐在窗户旁边sit by the window33匆匆浏览；快速阅读run over342100年火星生活指南a guide to living on Mars in 210035确信某事；对某事有把握be sure/certain of确信做某事；有把握做某事be sure/certain to do sth./ be sure/certain _+ that 宾从牛津英语9B Unit 2 复习讲义一、语法点拨1. in order toin order to与so as to都是“为的是，为了”的意思，都可以用来引导目的状语。但是so as to 不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to。 例如：He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. In order to catch the first bus,he got up very early.（此时不能用so as to） 【注意】in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换；而so as to 一般用so that加从句来替换。in order that 可以在句首，so that和so as to 一样不能在句首。 2. as a resultas a result是一个习惯短语，意为“因此” “结果”。如： As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week. 结果讨论被推迟到了下周。 He didnt practice, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。 as a result of意为“因为” “由于” “的结果”，用来作状语。如： He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致的。 3. need to(1) need作情态动词的用法：后直接跟动词原型，且need无人称、数的变化（第三人称单数不加s），也没有非谓语形式（不定式、分词）。 【注意】need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：Needhebringhislaptoptomorrow?明天他必须带他的笔记本过来吗？Comeon,youneedntworryaboutitbecuseitsnotyourfault.行啦，你不必担心的因为那不是你的错。【注意】must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用neednt。例如：-MustIleave?我必须离开吗？-No,youneednt.不，你不必离开。(2) need作实意动词的用法： 人+ need+something需要某物Ineedsomefruitstoeat.我需要些水果来吃。 人+ needtodosomething需要做某事Youdontneedtohavethebikerepairedrightaway.你不必马上去修车。 物+ needdoing=needtobedone需要Theroomneedscleaning=Theroomneedstobecleaned.房间需要打扫了。 人+ needsomebodytodosomething需要某人做某事Ineedsomeonetohelpmeoutofthisproblem.我需要找人来帮助我解决这个问题。(3) need作名词的用法：need用作名词时，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。 (Theres)noneedtodosomething没必要做某事Theresnoneedtocoversuchalongdistance.没必要走那么远的距离。Noneedtorunsincewerenotpressedfortime.不必跑啦，我们又不赶时间。也可以单独使用：Theresnoneed.意思是“没有必要”。 in(great)needof（非常）需要Therescueteamisingreatneedofmedicine.救援小组非常需要药品。(4) 关于need的一些短语、俚语用法。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难之交才是真朋友。牛津英语9B Unit 2 短语汇总1第一个做某事的人the first person to do sth.2一封投诉信a complaint letter3向某人抱怨某事complain to sb. about sth.4探索危险的地方explore dangerous places5熨烫衬衫iron shirts6扫地sweep the floor7洗衣服do the laundry8整理床铺make the bed9用清晰的语言in clear language10结果as a result 11为了（不）做某事in order (not) to do sth.12需要做某事need to do sth.13从某地/向某人买某物从从buy sth. from sw./sb.把某物卖给某人sell sth. to sb14焕然一新；像新的一样干净be as clean as new15多加注意pay more attentiong to.16出错；出故障go wrong17染上病毒catch a virus18乱七八糟in a mess弄得乱七八糟make (such) a mess19轻松自如地四处移动move around easily and freely20吸收太阳能absorb energy from the sun21你自己做do it yourself22在工作；在上班at work23免费得到某物get sth. for free24期望做某事expect (sb) to do sth25持续至少两个月last for at least 2 months26下班回到家retunr home from work = come back home from work归还某物给某人return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb.27将某物送回给某人send sth. back to sb.28依靠四个小轮子站立stand on four small wheels29票价the price of tickets30在五分钟内in/within five minutes31把某事弄错get sth. wrong把某事/物准备好get sth. ready牛津英语9B Unit 3 复习讲义一、语法点拨1. 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有：though, although; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。 在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，但不能与but连用。例如： Although/Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 （2）even if, even though 表示“即使”，“纵使”之意，含有一种假设。 Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。 （3）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都” 它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如： Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。 2. 条件状语从句主将从现原则，并且，切记紧跟着if的那句话是从句。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if（如果），unless（除非；如果不），as long as（除非；只要）等。As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，做什么都没关系。Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我们将去远足。 【注意】由于unless具有否定意义，因此它引导的是个否定的条件（如果不）。可以把它看作是ifnot的同义表达手段。如： Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不来 Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail. 如果你不努力工作，你会失败的。 3. 目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由so that, in order that等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. 他们拼命地干，想在晚饭前就把工作干完。 【注意】(1) so that引导的目的状语从句，可转换成in order that引导的目的状语从句。若从句主语与主句主语一致，还可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同义简单句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper. = They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper. (2) so that引导的状语从句也可表示结果，这时so that从句中根据句意可用或不用情态动词。 如： He got up very late this morning, so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，结果他上学迟到了。 牛津英语9B Unit 3 短语汇总1长城the Great Wall2有一段长路要走a long way to go 3休息一会take a rest4坚持到底continue to the end5舞龙dragon dance6很容易迷路get lost easily7在北京市中心at the centre of Beijing8靠近 .be close to = be next to9太多的山too many hills太多的交通/车辆too much traffic10观看升国旗watch the raising of the national flag11一步一步地；逐渐地step by step12亲眼看见.see . with your own eyes13乘小船旅行take a boat trip14在日出时at sunrise在日落时at sunset15在中国北部in northern China = in the north of China = in the northern part of China16被改变成be changed to/into.17一清早聚集在这儿gather here early in the morning18在过去in the past19很久以前a long time ago20世界奇迹之一one of the wonders of the world21体验它的美丽和宏伟experience its beauty and greatness22以不同的形状耸立着stand in different shapes23奇形怪状的美妙的岩石wonderful rocks in strange shapes24中国水墨风景画Chinese paintings of the landscape25主要是由.组成；主要包括.consist mainly of .由.组成；包括.consist of .= be made up of.26对某人开放be open to sb.27读地图；看地图read the map28没有必要做事；不需要做某事There is no need to do sth.29天气预报the weather forecast30“离开A地去B地”leave A for B 二、句型结构1. They can watch the raising of the national flag. 注意raise 和 rise的区别：raise是及物动词，意思是“举起，提起(某物)”，而rise是不及物动词，意思是“(某物)上升，升起”。 他举起手以引起我的注意。_to get my attention. 物价一直在上涨。_all the time.牛津英语9B Unit 4 复习讲义一、语法点拨定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词作用： 连接作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若去掉，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。1. 关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语 (1) that可代表物或人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省略。This is the book(which)you want.(2) 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(3) 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which： a) 先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时； b) 先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略； c) 先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时； d) 先行词中既有人又有物时； e) which，who开头的疑问句； f) )先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时； (4) who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 【真题演练】 1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip. (2010 .河北省)A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose2. Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. (2010.自贡市)A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which3 Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. (2010河南省) A. which B. what C. whom D. who4. This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library.( 2010桂林市) A. whereB. whichC. whoD. when5. -Have you found the information about the famous people _ you can use for the report? -Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. ( 2010兰州市)A. who B. what C. whom D. which6. The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Mianyang in 1998. A. it B. what C. that D. when牛津英语9B Unit 4 短语汇总1因而出名be famous for = be well-known for2第一人在月球上行走的人the first man to walk on the moon第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女人the first woman to win the Nobel Prize3关心穷人care for the poor4第一次坐飞机take ones first flight5上飞行课；接受飞行训练take flying lessons6学生飞行员执照student pilots licence7在某人的空余时间里in ones spare time=in ones free time8第一次for the first time9为了作进一步的研究for further research10不为某人所知be unknown to sb.11失去控制out of control在.的控制下under the control of 12诺贝尔奖the Nobel Prize13为别人放弃一切give up everything for others14小量的（修不可数名词）a small amount of .大量的（修不可数名词）a large/big amount of .15把奉献给.(做.)devote . to (doing). 16缩短飞行cut the flight short17名言famous words18警告某人不要靠近warn sb. to stay away19在20世纪40年代in the 1940s在某人40多岁时in ones forties20第20世纪the twentieth century21为做贡献make a contribution to (doing)22选中某人做某事select sb to do sth.某人被选中去做某事sb. be selected to do sth.23离开（某地）去印度leave for India 24在一个有三个小孩的家庭之中in a family of three children 25A与B结婚A marry BA get married to BA and B get married