被动语态十年高考题

被动语态补充知识简单句的主动语态变被动语态(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：I saw him go into the teachersoffice. He was seen to go into the teachersoffice. 看见他进入了教师办公室。(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如(from )：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我尽快穿上衣服。I wasnt surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made. 她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。We got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。注：这样结构比较常见的搭配有get arrested, get caught, get confused, get delayed, get divorced, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get elected, get engaged, get hit, get killed, get lost, get married, get stuck等。 要注意两类被动句型的相互转换英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如：People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。Its believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：Its known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。Its reported that he was driving fast. / He is reported to have been driving fast. 据说他当时车开得很快。不定式在下列情况下用主动形式表示被动意义：1. 在“be+形容词+fit to do”句型中。如：English words are difficult to remember. 英语单词很难记。注：常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。2. 在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。如：We found the book easy to understand. 我们觉得这本书的容易懂。3. 在This /That /These /Those be后的名词后的不定式。如：This is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。4. 在“there be/have/ sth. to do(有要) ”结构中。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。5. 在“疑问代词+不定式”结构。如：The question is what to do next. 问题是接下来做什么。6. 在“be to blame/ let”结构中。如：The house is to let. 此房出租。He is to blame for this. 他因此事应受到责备结构一 “be said+不定式一般式”该结构主要有两个用法：1. 表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或即将要发生。如：They are said to leave soon. 据说他们很快就要离开。He is said to move to the South this winter. 据说他今年冬天要搬到南方去。2. 有时不表示将来，而表示一般情况（尤其是当不定式表示状态而非动作时）。如：This friend of hers is said to be very rich. 她的这个朋友据说很有钱。His company is said to be in trouble. 据说他的公司遇到了困难。People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。Women are often said to be more emotional than men. 女人常常被说成是比男人易于动感情。结构二 “be said+不定式进行式”该搭配表示不定式所表示的动作正在进行。如：He is said to be doing fine at school. 据说他在学校表现很好。The children are said to be playing by the river. 据说孩子们在河边玩。结构三 “be said+不定式完成式”该搭配表示不定式所表示的动作已经完成。如：They are said to have left London. 据说他们已经离开伦敦。He is said to have written another TV play. 据说他又写了一部电视剧。Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布朗先生死于肝癌。结构四 “be said+不定式完成进行式”该搭配强调不定式所表示的动作迄今为止已经持续了一段时间。如：The family was said to have lived there for 30 years. 据说这一家人在那儿住了30年。The battle was said to have been going on for two days. 据说战斗已经进行两天了。结构五 “be said+不定式一般式的被动式”该搭配表示不定式所表示的动作尚未发生或即将要发生，同时它还表示被动意义。如：The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow. 据说怀特先生被起诉一案定于明天开庭。有时也可以不表示将来，而表示一般情况。如：The old castle is said to be haunted. 这座古堡据说有鬼魂出没。结构六 “be said+不定式的完成式的被动式”该搭配表示不定式所表示的动作已经发生，同时它还表示被动意义。如：Mr Smith is said to have been told the news. 据说已经有人把这消息告诉了史密斯先生。They were said to have been killed in the battle. 据说他们已在战斗中被杀死了。This book is said to have been translated into English. 据说这本书已译成英语。