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虚拟语气虚拟语气分清真实和虚拟（特别是if)If引导的现在、过去、将来的虚拟语气Wish引导的虚拟语气表示建议、命令的问题1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间虚拟语气虚拟语气 表示说话人的所说的话表示说话人的所说的话不是事实不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在在条件从句条件从句中中或或让步状语从句让步状语从句中中)；一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等建议等(在在宾语从句宾语从句 等名词性从句中等名词性从句中)。I wish you were more careful.但愿你更细心一些。但愿你更细心一些。条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。句两种。真实条件句真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与是与事实相符的。事实相符的。非真实条件句非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，发生或实现的，与事实相反的情况。与事实相反的情况。If it is fine tomorrow,I will go to visit my grandma.If I were a bird,I would fly to America.非真实条件句非真实条件句 If I had time,I would certainly join you in the tennis match.（事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you,I would put her suggestion into account.（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。非真实条件句非真实条件句 If I should have a chance to try it,I would do it in another way.（假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。Even if they were to fail,they wouldnt lose courage.（说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中与与过去过去事事实相反的实相反的假设假设与与现在现在相相反的假设反的假设与与将来将来相相反的假设反的假设虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句If+主语主语+Ved（be用用were)If+主语主语+had+V过分过分If+主语主语+Ved（be用用were)If+主语主语+were to+V原原If+主语主语+should+V原原主语主语wouldV原原(should/could/might)主语主语would V原原(should/could/might)主语主语wouldhave+V过分过分(should/could/might)I would buy an expensive car.I would buy a villa.I would travel around the world.If I won the lottery,现在事实相反现在事实相反If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have gone过去事实相反过去事实相反If he_ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had Mark:100 I _ a party for you.should get If you_gotWere to get a full mark next time,将来时相反将来时相反would hold If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.If I had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.If it rained tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反1.Wish 的宾语从句现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/might+V.1.I wish I were a bird2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.1.在wish的宾语从句中用于宾语从句用于宾语从句I wish从句结构从句结构Example与现在事实相反与现在事实相反一般过去式一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反过去完成式过去完成式He wishes(wished)he had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反WouldCould +V.原形原形MightI wish you would come soon.I wish I were as tall as you.I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming.I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.He wish he hadnteaten so much watermelon.I wish the lunch time would come soon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.2.在表示建议，要求，命令的词在表示建议，要求，命令的词 command（命令）（命令）,demand（要求）（要求）,desire（希望，要（希望，要求）求）,insist（坚持）（坚持）,order（命令）（命令）,propose（提议）（提议）,recommend（推荐）（推荐）,request（要求）（要求）,require（要求）（要求）,suggest（建议），（建议），后的宾语从句中：后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形动词原形”e.g.I suggest that we(should)set off at once.I demanded that he(should)answer me immediately.一个坚持一个坚持insist，两个命令两个命令order,command，三个建议三个建议advise,suggest,propose 四个要求四个要求demand,require,request,desire 注：以上动词的注：以上动词的名词名词形式用于从句中，形式用于从句中，从句中的动词也是用从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原动词原形形”名词形式 suggestion（建议）,motion（动议）,proposal（提议）,order（命令）,recommendation（推荐），advice(建议),instruction(指示、指令)idea（想法）,Eg He proposed that we(should)set a dead line for the complement of the plan.他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。They requested that we(should)send a delegation to their country.他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。I suggested that he(should)set off for our headquarters straightaway.我建议他马上动身去我们的总部。The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders.指示要求，任何人不得在接到进一步的命令之前去睡觉。My suggestion is that he leave for London at once.我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。What do you think of his proposal that we(should)put on a play at the English evening?他的建议是我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样？My suggestion that we(should)have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off（延期）.PRACTICE 1PRACTICE 1:Fill in the blanks.a.If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.b.If the world-war _(break)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?c.If the policeman _(be not)in that room now,it _(be)very dangerous.d.If I _(be)in your position,I _(ask)for teachers help.werewould takebrokewould happenwere notcould bewerewould askPRACTICE 2:Fill in the blanks e.If Tom _ (be)more careful in theexam,he _ _(pass)it already.f.If you (get)up earlier,you _ _ (catch)the first train.g.If I _ (meet)you yesterday,we _ _ (go)to the concert together.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughthad metwould have gonePRACTICE 3:Fill in the blanksa.If there (be)no natural resource any more,we _ (make)use of nuclear power.b.What _ (happen)if you_(get up)too late tomorrow?should bewould makewould happen should get up
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