考研英语改错题常考要点d

改错题常考要点一、代词代词中主要讲解六个问题(一) 掌握代词的几种格 主格、宾格、所有格 名词前面用代词来修饰，只能用所有格（my books）(二) 反身代词当主语和宾语表示同一事物时，宾语使用反身代词。He killed himself. （他自杀了）He killed him. （他杀了他）例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigatingAB a series of indicators that could help Cthemselves to predict earthquakes.D分析：D错，应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看，help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错，情态动词could 比can语气弱，表示较小的可能性。Indicator为征兆，这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一个事物(三) 代词的单复数，代词的性别在考试中如果代词打横线，代词错误的概率是非常高的，因此代词打横线，应该先看代词有没有错。例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies（落基山脉） that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the ABCDPacific.分析：D错，应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数，显然是错误的，根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用复数形式。Water作为水是不可数名词，waters表示水域，通常使用复数形式，作主语谓语动词用复数。Work作为工作是不可数名词，work作为作品，可数不可数都可以，例如： Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined Athe word“normalcy”（常态）to express social andB economic conditions they promised the nation.CD分析：D错，应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的，故用第三人称单数he来指代。例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell s most important Awork is not poetry, but his biography, JohnBC Keats, published the year of her death.D分析：C错，应改为her。his指男性，显然是错误的，应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.(四) Who和which的区别which指代事物或者动物，who指代人who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who A B account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.CD分析：B错，应改为which或that。先行词不是指人，而是指物，关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例，解释说明(五) that和which的区别介词后面使用which, 而不用that,in that除外例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that it AB would affect society could not have been foreseen.CD分析：B错，应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句)，影响社会的程度没有被预见(六) 定语从句的特殊省略Reason后面有定语从句，中间往往省略why, Time后面有定语从句，中间往往省略when I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.way后面有定语从句，中间省略了in which例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly AB reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.C D分析：B错，应改为main。mainly为副词，不能个饰后面的名词，故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason，定语从句引导词被省略例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb hasaffected the way people in the United States-. (A) living and working (B) they live and work (C) live and work (D) to live and to work分析：选择C, the way people.影响了人们生活和工作的方式。二、介词介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分，而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题，我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题，在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配，这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过，只不过有的时候是正确的选项，有的时候重复考。(一) 介词搭配例：The teeth in the upper jaw function together those A BCin the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.D分析：和一起，应该为together with，C错例：The Allegheny （阿勒格尼河）Mountain range is rich of coal. A B CD分析：B错改为be rich in例：The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the ABCalternation of periods of light and darkness.D分析：C错，应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。(二) 最重要的两个介词1、介词of 多余或者遗漏例：Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.ABCD分析：D错，应改为top of stagnant。on top of 是因定表达法，意为“在上面”。例：Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has AB starred in stage, television, and film productions onCboth sides the Atlantic Ocean.D分析：D错，应改为sides of the。 sides为名词，the Atlantic Ocean也是名词，中间明显少了一个介词。2、介词by一种情况表示被动，be+过去分词+by另一种表示通过的方式， by doing例：The ceremony of marriage in the United StatesAB can be performed from a justice of the peace.C D分析：D错，应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式，performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。例：Along the east coast ,American Indian womens councils A could veto a declaration of war at refusing to B CD supply moccasins and field rations.分析：D错，应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食，表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。例：Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with Aoperations on sets of numbers or other elementsBC that are often represented at symbols.D分析：D错，应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。三、谓语动词(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致、主谓分割原则例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, A Americas national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.BCD分析：C错，应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。、与后者一致原则notbut, 强调but后面的名词，not onlybut also、与前者一致原则名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is, 中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 例：The athlete, together with his coach and ABCseveral relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.D分析：D错，与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致，改为is、就近原则or, eitheror, neithernor,单数名词+or+复数名词+are如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is所以注意一点： 如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数 如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans（原生动物） are AB amazingly complex for single-celled animals. C D分析：A错，应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。定语从句主语就近原则There are five apples that are red.apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rocketsAcarry a supply that last just a few seconds.B C D分析：D错，应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。the +形容词主谓一致The rich are not always happier than the poor.The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数、倒装句的主谓一致改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况：a. there be 句型there be+名词+名词，那么最近的名词决定其形式b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词保持一致例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.ABCD 分析：there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，A错，there are 改为there is例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific AB Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 C miles in width.D分析：倒装句，are改为is例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and AB C Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the filmD presented on the five-story-tall screen.分析：D错，应改为films , 主语实际上是名词，应该与谓语动词保持一致。、百分比结构的主谓一致fifty percent of + 名词one percent of + 名词谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系，主要取决于后面的名词，比如： one percent of my students + are fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 这里要强调两个结构half of =fifty percentmost of + 可数名词+ aremost of + 不可数名词+ is例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been ABC found in central and eastern Canada. D分析：C错，应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语，作主语的中心词half当然表复数，相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized AB in the United States are for foods and beverages. C D分析：A错，应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品，beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料，故（C）、（D）均没有错。(二) 谓语动词的时态、主要考察时间状语例 The metal aluminum ljuminim has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.A BCD分析：Metal, aluminum同位语，in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态，把has been改为was、For和since的区别区别一：For 后面使用时间段，since 后面使用时间点区别二：Since 只能用在现在完成时态，For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 I has been a teacher for three years. I has been a teacher since 1996. I was a teacher for three years.这种表达可以，for three years表示一段时间，was 表示过去做了三年，现在不是老师了例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States becameABthe primary responsibility of the president.C D分析：A错，应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过去式，其时间状语应与之呼应，故改Since为In。例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of A B C the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.D分析：D错，应改为for。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语动词为一般完成时；主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for；而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. ABC D自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态，live(三) 谓语的语态语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。有四组动词是改错题中常考的：、prove My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的尽管是被证明，但习惯上用主动；例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming A to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to beBC mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.D分析：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，如果把D理解为并列句，不仅时态不对，语义也有问题，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。、Locate，Situate这两个词可以用作主动，表示把放置在地方；确定的位置Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置这两个词也可以用作被动My school was located near the river.区分locate的主动和被动比较难，但是有一个技巧存在：locate如果用作主动，后面必须跟宾语例：The center of gravity of the human body - behind the hip joint.(A)locates (B)locating(C)to locate (D)is located 分析：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语，所以用作被动,表示“位于”，所以D为正确选项。、表示需要概念的动词need, want, require等My watch needed repairingMy watch needed to be repaired.、表示人的情感的动词move, annoy, surprise, please等He is so moving.他令人感到感动。He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。主动和被动技巧总结：如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话，前面必然有be动词例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the A United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,Bpower structures, and flood-control works along C the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.D分析：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。四、非谓语动词(一) 分词现在分词和过去分词的区别、用于句首作状语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动例：Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then A struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.BCD分析：分词作状语，主要看是主动还是被动，美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错，改won为winning、用于名词后面作后置定语，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动例：In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in AB the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.CD分析：B错，生活在什么地方的人，人生活是主动，因此改为living一些动词后面必须用doing对于加doing的词来说，考试中一般出现一个，下面这些词都是要加doing的，请考生牢记。mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, advocate, suggestdelay, quitforgive(原谅)，tolerate，avoid, escape(逃避)spend+名词+doing; have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing例：Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their ABCDcrops.分析：D错，应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语，故将to harvest改为harvesting。例：Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, A B to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.CD分析：A错，advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing(二) 不定式A. 动词不定式的省略、help后面可以省略tohelp to dohelp sb. to do例：A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid ABthe habits that might shorten the lives.C D分析：D错，应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确，如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意（A）并没有错，help后面可以接不带to的不定式。、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个make, let,have sb. do sth注意get不是使役动词，get sb. to do sth.例：A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians ABto know when to play various parts of a composition. CD分析：let是使役动词，后面不需要to, C改为know、感官动词 hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe see sb do sth.强调过程 see sb doing sth 正在做某事B. 动词不定式的固定用法(1)表示第一人the first woman to do sth. (2)表示迫使的动词一般考三个， allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do例：Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis AB allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.CD分析：allow.to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。(3)表示倾向的形容词 be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 be inclined to do倾向于做某事 be lieable to do 易于的 be apt to do (4)表示目的的名词，一共有7个这样的词，这一条也是最重要的。固定的句式： the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.the objective 目标aimgoalreason理由function功能intension意图例：The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was providing A large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.B CD分析：the function to provide, A错例：The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure A and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds Bthat make up various components of a living cell.CD分析：the chief goal is to understand, A错(5) 其他同根名词ability to do受到be able to 的影响attempt to do 企图decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响ambition, be ambitious to do effort例：For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation AB catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.CD分析：B错，应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的，故将名词explanation改为to explain。例：In the early 1960s the Civil Rights movement made great AB efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.CD分析：efforts to register, C错C. 动词不定式的其他用法(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作，属于将来时态的范畴She and Anne are to meet at two oclock. (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”，表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生，这个完成式通常表示一般过去时I am glad to see you. I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.yesterday是一般过去时，修饰have seen.(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式，主动表示被动It is difficult to decide.五、句子的结构句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。(一) 主语的重复名词+代词+谓语，这个代词永远是重复的主语，永远是错的例：Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any AB compromises concerning the establishment of the C DLeague of Nations.分析：代词he不是同位语，主语重复；如果是下面这样的主语，那么便是主语同位语A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson例：Two unique features of the Arctic they are AB lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.C D分析：选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复(二)谓语的重复完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语，往往改为定语从句例：A paragraph is a portion of a text consists ofAB one or more sentences related to the same idea. CD分析：B错，应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词，而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线，故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。(三)谓语的缺少例：Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body AB temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. CD分析：A错，应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词，故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。(四)主句的重复主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来，因为它们都是副词或者介词，连接两个句子应该用连接词连接例：Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite ABCthey return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die.D分析：C错，应改为though。despite是介词，后面一般接名词作宾语，而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子，所以改为连词though。例：Solar eclipses occur during the Moons shadow AB sweeps across the face of the Earth.CD分析：B错，应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句，根据题意改为从属连词when或as。例：Even many early leaders of the United States have provided ABnames for towns, only George WashingtonCis remembered in the name of a state.D分析：A错，应改为Even though。even为副词，不能引导从句，根据题意，改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。六、比较级和最高级比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则，一共有5个出题方向，并且每次考试必然考两个(一)比较级或最高级形式上的重复例：The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which A involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. BCD分析：A错，应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级，不必再用most，这是最高级形式上的重复(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用例：The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses.A BCD分析：B错，应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词，须在前面加most构成最高级。例：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western HemisphereA B CDis the grizzly bear.分析：A错，应该用最高级most，含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级改错题中，通常会看见than前面有一个原级例：Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with A B concepts of time and space than stage directors can.CD分析：B错，应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式，注意far, much 修饰比较级。(四)在asas以及否定not soas, not asas的中间使用形容词原级as sweeter as, 这是不对的，应改为as sweet as(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词the taller boy、副词的最高级加不加the均可以例：Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed A B prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate. C D分析：副词的最高级加不加the均可， 所以A正确，从从句的主语可以看出，B应该改为they、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话，加不加the均可以例：Of all the Native Americans in the United States, AB C the Navajos form largest group. D分析：D错，应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。陷阱1， earliest, 有两种可能，一种可能是early的最高级，最早的语言，the earliest language另一种可能作名词，表示早期，必须和时间的名词连用，earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代，很早的时代，也就是说，如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the例：The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many ABCcountries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans.D分析：A错，应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。陷阱2，如果最高级前面有所有格的话，不用加the例如：my best friends例：Salt Lake City, Utahs capital and largest city, is industrial ABCand banking center.D分析：C错，应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词，它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。Utahs largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utahs。例：Faults in the Earths crust are most evidently in sedimentary(沉积) Aformations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers.BCD分析：A错，are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语，而不是定语七、平行结构改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构(一) 对等连接词一共有三类连接平行结构的词单一式： and, or ,but相关式： bothand, not but, either or, neithernor the sameas；asas,not soas,not asas such as, so that. tooto, fromto, fromuntil, betweenand, not onlybut also(also可以省略)，Not only +主谓，also not onlybut also(also可以省略)+as well, 短语式： as well as rather than (而不是) other than (除之外) instead of (代替)考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的，另一个单词却不对例：John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, AB but he is now living in Detroit.CD分析：B错，应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“fromto”这个表达法，不能用since to。例：Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics ABas education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumfordremained active in city and regional planning.CD分析：B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半(二)平行的内容第一、引导词性的平行，词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行例：Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of ABan organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally,CDor yearly periods of light and darkness.分析：D错，应改为seasonal。在daily, seasonally和yearly三个并列的词中，daily和yearly是形容词，seasonally是副词，故改为形容词seasonal,共同修饰名词periods，三个形容词的平行，词性平行第二、名词单复数的平行但是如果既有可数名词，又有不可数名词，可以不平行例：The main advertising media include direct mail, ABC radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. D 分析：D错，应改为newspaper