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状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或句子。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句种类从属连词例 句说 明时间状语从句whenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。比较并列连词whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而：并列连词)while指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as（一边.一边）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；随着。beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。before译为 “在之前, 才, 就”afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。till untilWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。主句动词应为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon ashardlywhenno soonerthanthe moment,the instant,the second,immediately,directly,instantlyAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。every time,each time last timenext timeby the time, Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。Next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。地点状语从句wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you want to.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。原因状语从句becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首as比较：并列连词forAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.昨天一定下过雨，地还湿呢。从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。for连接的是并列句。now that, seeing that，considering that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。considering that, seeing (that), now that 和since 意义相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。目的状语从句so thatin order thatlest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。注意so that和in order that与so as to和in order to的转换。结果状语从句,so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，结果大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词，但是何时接名词？suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat，语气较强条件状语 从 句ifunlessas/so long asin caseso/as far asDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，否则我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要努力，你就会成功。只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 方 式 状 语 从 句asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you yesterday.按照我昨天教你的画只猫。Do as you are told to.按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好像是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好像什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处as译为，按照或正如as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。 让 步 状 语 从 句thoughalthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。even ifeven thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。asChild as he is , he knows a lot .虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Try as you might, you cant catch me.尽管努力，你也抓不到我。as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter (who, what when, where which, how)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。no matter与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。whever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。whever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断whever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将no matter与whever连用 比 较 状 语 从 句asasnot so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用asas否定句可用not asas 或not soasthanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。He runs less fast than me.他没有我跑得快。表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。 the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。特殊形式的状语从句thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。Im sorry (that) I didnt have time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。I am afraid that I cant go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看作是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的原因状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。状语从句（2011全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _a little expensive.A. though B. whether C. as D. since（2011北京卷）29. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While(2011上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until(2011上海卷) 37. The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if（2011江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever（2011浙江卷）4. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when（2011福建卷）33.It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before（2011四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so（2011四川卷）6. As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since（2011辽宁卷）25. No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be（2011辽宁卷）29. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. A. since B. as C. when D. than（2011陕西卷）17.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big asC. as big as three times D. as big three times as（2011天津卷）5. _ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless（2011陕西卷）19._all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As（2011山东卷）28. He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture. A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that（2011重庆卷）30.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.A.whichever B.whenever .whoever D.wherever(2011湖南卷)33 Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _he had done something very clever. A .as if B. in case C. while D. though1. （2010 湖南）Tim is in good shape physically_ he doesnt get much exercise.A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as2. （2010山东） The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult.A. once B. when C. if D. unless3. （2010上海）_ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem4. （2010四川）Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break_ she got to her officeAsince Bthat Cwhen Duntil 5. （2010陕西）John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since6.（2010重庆）Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. whenB. whereC. howD. what7. (2009福建) She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since8. (2009陕西) My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as thougheven though即使；尽管；as soon as一就；as though仿佛，好像9. (2009上海) You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as10. (2009全国) All the dishes in this menu, _ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.A. as B. if C. though D. unless. 基础巩固练习1. In the July 8, 2010, a new building was put up _there had once been a lake.A. that B. where C. which D. when2. Mother was worried because her son was ill, especially _ father was away in America.A. as B. that C. during D. if3.- Did you remember to give Tom the key to his bedroom?-Yes. I gave it to him_ I saw him.A.while B. once C. suddenly D. the moment 4. What was the party like?Wonderful. Its years _I enjoyed myself so much.5. You will be late _you leave immediately.A. unless B. until C. if D. or6. _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is7. We had hardly got to the station _it began no rain.A. until B. since C. while D. when8. We wont give up _we should fail ten times.A. even if B. since C. whether D. until9. She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent.A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as10. Hell be happy _he may be.A. when B. if C. because D. wherever11. _he woke _slept, this subject is always in his mind.A. If; and B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Whether; or12. You will catch cold _put on more clothes.A. if you B. if you will not C. unless you D. until you13. Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you _to me.A. write B. will write C. are writing D. would write14. If people _from polluting the environment, people _pay the price in the near future. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not deep; will have to D. do not deep; have to15. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed16. As she _TV, Mr. Smith _asleep.A. watched, was falling B. was watching, fellC. was watching, was falling D. watched, fell17.-Why didnt you try your best to get on the bus? -I tried to, but _ I could, it started moving.A. until B. when C. before D. after 18. We made a decision _there would be rain, we should stay at home.A. that B. if C. that if D. whether19. Father was _busy in working _he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as20. He always thinks Im wrong, _I may say.A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that. 高考模拟强化练习1. The game is not very difficult _ you understand the rules.AbeforeBthoughCunlessDonce2_ advertisements are of great help, I dont think we should entirely rely on them.ASinceBWhileCBecauseDAs3Once again he failed to hand in his homework _ he had been given enough time to do itAin case Bas though Cso that Deven though4Peter told me he wanted to come with us. Is it OK for you?I dont mind_ he pays for his meals.Aas far asBas well asCas long asDas soon as5 My parents dont care _my pocket money goes, but one thing is for sure: the money spent must be worthwhile. A. why B. when C. where D. how6Americas car industry will continue to break down _ some progress is made to close the gap Asince Bbecause Cunless Dthough 7Although he was in poor health, Robert succeeded _ other more famous engineersfailedAwhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhere8. The novel was completed in 1978, _the economic system has seen great changesAwhen Bduring which C since then D since when9_ you want to remember its usage, youd better make a sentence with the new word. A. UnlessB. While C. Now that D. Even if10Many instant communication tools, such as QQ, MSN, UC, POPO，_ you can chat with your friends, makes communication easy.AasBwhichCthatDwhere11The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to its lowest level _ records began in 1971.Awhen Bbefore Csince Dafter12A small car is big enough for a family of three_ you need more space for baggage Aonce Bbecause Cif Dunless13. -Are my clothes too casual?-No. You can go _you are. A. as B. what C. that D. where 14Johnson, would you like to marry Ann and love her all your life, _ she is young or old, or poor or rich?Yes, I do. A. even ifB. whetherC. no matterD. however15The fire was finally brought under control, but not _heavy damage had been caused.AbeforeBafterCfrequentDas16. -Grandpa, what did the doctor say? -He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.A. in whereB. in whichC. the place whereD. where17. The girl still remembers that she was too nervous _she gave a speech in the face of such a big crowd. A. at the first timeB. the first timeC. for the first timeD. at first18. The violent disturbances in Bangkok had progressed to a point _the police had to drive away the protestants with tear gasA. from which B. that C. where D. what19_is often the case，he didnt study hard and failed to pass the testAWhat BWhich CIt DAs20MacDonald who had spent much of his time _graduating from college back packing round Europe, decided last year to settle down Awhen Bwhile Csince Dbefore
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