近三年英语高考安徽卷单项选择试题分析及解题指导

近三年英语高考单项选择试题分析及解题指导摘要：作为高考的一个重要题型，单项选择主要用来考查考生英语基础知识和基本语法掌握的情况，考查学生应用英语的能力。近几年来，随着课改的深入，该题型在考查内容上正在发生微妙的变化。本文对近三年英语高考卷单项选择题进行对比分析，总结出该题型的命题特点，探讨有效的解题方法，希望给复习备考一点启示。单项选择以其“覆盖面广、重点突出”的特点，备受各级各类考试的青睐，并被广泛的采用。就目前我国英语教学的实际情况来看，大量的时间被用来讲授词汇和语法知识，学生平时操练最多的也是单项选择题。因此，分析该题型考查内容和命题特点，研究近年来该题型的命题趋势，探讨解题方法和技巧，对于教师的教学和考生的备考，具有一定的意义。本文试图对近三年英语高考单项选择题进行对比分析，总结出该题型的命题特点，探讨有效的解题方法，进而期望给复习备考一点启示。一、考查内容纵观高考英语单项选择近三年的试题，考查内容涉及语用知识、语法、词汇和句子四个层面的内容。语用知识主要考查情景交际；语法包括时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等知识点；词汇包括情态动词、动词短语辨析、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、连词、名词、系动词等词类；句子包括各类从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）和特殊句式（倒装句、强调句）等。剖析2010-2012年单项选择考查内容及题量和2010-2012年单项选择考查内容的分布情况（见后表）。从表中可以看出，近三年高考英语单项选择题每年的考点相对稳定，在所列的全部18项中，每年都考查了其中的11项，语用知识（交际用语）、动词的时态与语态、动词短语辨析、非谓语动词、情态动词、形容词和副词、介词、冠词、代词、定语从句、名词性从句每年必考。在考查基本语法，词汇知识和交际用语时，通过设置语境，将知识与语义的考查有机结合，重点语言知识运用试题的题干设计语言更加灵活简洁，语境意义更加丰富；突出了重基础、重运用、灵活性强的考查方式；考点分布更广。另外，为了更好地引导中学英语教学，使师生们更加注重基础，注重教材，试题大胆从教材中挖掘命题材料，比如语法与词汇知识部分的29) A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this 其素材完全是来自教材突出，难易程度适中。考查的重点集中在动词，由此可以看出，对动词的时态与语态、动词短语辨析、情态动词、非谓语动词的考查，占了近一半，因此在日常教学中，应对动词给予充分的重视。二、试题设计（一）语料选择近三年的选择题的语料与人们的生活密切相关，呈现时事性强的趋势。（二）题干和选项分析1、2010年单项选择总词数为379个，2011年单项选择总词数为404个，2012年单项选择总词数为397个。题干的长度大都介于10-20个单词，短一点的为9-10个单词。2、题干和选项中的单词没有超纲词汇。3、题干中的空格数为1-2个。大多数题目只考查一个知识点，因此题干设置一个空格。有些题目考查一个知识点，但题干有两个空格，比如考查冠词的题目通常同时考查不定冠词、定冠词、和零冠词或者其中的两个，那么题干有两个空格。另一些题目的题干设置两个空格是因为该题目同时考查两个知识点，比如同时考强调句型和定语从句。4、每题选项的长度受考查内容的影响。如考查形容词或介词等题目的选项均为一个单词，但考查动词一般以一个动词搭配几个不同的介词（如：break down、 break out、 break up、 break in）或者一个介词搭配几个不同的动词（put up 、pick up、 keep up、 break up）三、命题趋势 通过对2010年至2012年高考中单项选择题的对比分析，可以得出高考卷命题的两大趋势：一、从题目构成的情况看，进一步淡化单纯考查语法知识，强化在一定的语境中考查知识点，从而达到考查考生灵活应用语言的能力；二、从知识点的考查来看，首先动词永远是该大题考查的重点，且考查面广，包括时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词及动词短语，其次，交际用语也是必考点，且交际用语逐渐成为考查热点(近三年每都考2010考了两道题2011考了三题，2012考了两题)四、应试策略一般情况下，可以用以下方法解答单项选择题：1.直接选择法有些单选题简单易懂，答案也是一目了然，考查的仅仅是语言点。直接选择法就是考生凭已掌握的知识和语感直接选出正确答案。2.语境定义法 语言基础知识的考查不能脱离一定的语境。将单纯的语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境中进行考查是高考英语测试的趋势。语境定义法就是要求考生根据上下文语境，明确句中的暗示，找到句中的关键词，然后推断出正确答案。3.化繁为简法 命题者有时为了增加题目的难度会在本来简单的题干上加上很多附加成分，从而增强题目的干扰力度。化繁为简法就是要求考生仔细阅读题干，认真分析句子结构，去除多余部分，找出句子的主干，确定正确答案。解答此类题目要求考生具有增强的分析句子成分的能力。4.还原复位法在考试中，经常会遇到比较难的句子，它们或是以问句的形式出现，或是以省略句等形式出现，这给理解句子意义造成了困难。还原复位法就是把上述较难的句式还原成容易理解的“主谓宾”结构，这样就能很容易地选出正确答案。5.克服母语干扰法由于文化的差异，中英文都有各自独特的约定俗成的表达方式。命题者正是利用这种差异来设置陷阱，造成考生的误选。要克服母语的干扰，考生在平时的学习中要注意了解两个不同民族的交际习惯，归纳中英两种文化的差异，熟悉所学的习惯用法，掌握各种情景中交际应酬的用语，提高顺应语境的能力。例如： - Do you mind if I record your lecture? - _. Go ahead. A. Never mindB. No wayC. Not at allD. No, youd better not本题考查交际用语的应用。受汉语影响，考生一不小心就会选A “Never mind”(没关系)，然而在英语中，对“Do /Would you mind?”的肯定回答通常是“Not at all”、“Of course not”、“Certainly not”等。因此，正确答案为C。6.排除法有时考生在答题的过程中会碰到四个选项都无法确定的情况。排除法就是考生按对答案把握程度的大小，逐个排除，把没有排除的答案定为所选答案。排除法通常是在迫不得已的情况下使用的，所选的答案当然是不能保证为正确答案。例如： -Are you going to have a holiday this year ?-Id love to . I cant wait to leave this place_. Aoff Bout Cbehind Dover 本题考查动词leave的几个常用搭配，leave off 意为“(非正式)停止”；leave sb/ sth out 意为“遗漏、排除”；leave sb/sth behind意为“遗忘、把(某人或某物)抛在后面”；leave over意为“剩下、留下”。由于考生可能并不清楚这些短语的意义，只能采用排除法。该题的正确答案为C。 五、对教学及备考的启示近三年英语高考单项选择题的对比分析所得到的启示是：教师在平时的教学中要加强对教学大纲、考试说明和历年试题的学习与研究，分析研究单项选择的题型特点，有针对性地对学生进行解题方法指导。特别要加强对动词包括情态动词、非谓语动词、动词的时态和语态的基本用法的教学，注重跨文化教学，培养学生的文化意识，注意归纳、区别中英文化差异，重视学生的语言交际能力的培养，设计有利于学生用英语做事情的各种语言实践活动，让语言真正成为思维和交流的工具。在复习中，教师要摒弃低层次的重复操练，注重知识的横向联系，注意归纳总结所学知识，将知识系统化，建构立体交叉的知识网络。而学生平时一定要积极参与教师的课堂教学，多读多听多讲英语，学习用英语思考的能力，做学习的有心人，不断积累英语知识，在全面掌握基础知识的同时，努力培养自己分析问题解决问题的能力，掌握一定的解题技巧，培养灵活应用知识的能力，相信通过自己的努力一定能学好英语、用好英语。2010-2012年安徽高考英语单项选择试题考点统计情况分析 2012.8年份考题考点2010 2011 2012名词、冠词和代词名词 1(25) I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _. A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure代词 2(21) You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the others(22)Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself冠词 1(21) Carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the介词、连词和数词介词 2(25) Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after(25) You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life. A. of B. on C. to D. for连词 2(29) The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _ they have the interest.A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if(33) Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one_ it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until数词 0形容词和副 词形容词 2(31) _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic(23) Interest is as _ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.A. vital B. availableC. specific D. similar副词 3(24) To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _, honest.A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after all(31) _, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently(34) Queen Elizabeth is often to be richest woman in the world._ , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether 动词和动词短语 5(22) No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D. looking down upon(23) How did you like Nikes performance last night?- To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur(21) As the story _, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops(34) If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon (28) The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up 动词时态和语态 7(28) - Were you surprised by the ending of the film?- No, I _ the book, so I already knew the story.A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read(34) - Weve spent too much money recently.- Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives_ around all the time. A. are coming B. had coming C. were coming D. have been coming (26) What do you think of store shopping in the future?- Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced(32) -I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my desk?- I put it there just now in case you needed it .A. dose it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed(26) In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing(33) Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept(35) After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it_.A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated非谓语动词和独立主格结构 3(30) He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling(30) Tom asked the Candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier_ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break (24) I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked情态动词和虚拟语气 3 (26) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busyD. will be busy (32) Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. A. would beB. would have been C. must be D. must have been(31) Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live名词性从句 2(33) His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out_ it is he is trying to express.A. that B. how C. who D. what (27) The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 定语从句 2(28) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while(29) A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. itC. which D. this状语从句 1(30) When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked主谓一致 1(27) The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were特殊句式强调句1(27) It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which倒装句0情景交际 7(24) - Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?- _ , does it?A. It takes no time. B. It counts for nothing. C. It doesnt hurt to ask. D. It doesnt make sense.(35) - _ ?- That would be great! Please me off at the library.A. Could you bring me the bill B. Would you like me to give you a liftC. Could you tell me the postcode for Pairs D. Would you like to have my e-mail address (23) Oh, you sounded just like a native.- _. I still have trouble expressing myself.A. Well, not quite B. I dont care C. Yes, youre right D. Im glad you like it(29) You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few days? _?- We wont, we promise.A. Then what B. All right C. How come D. So what(35) We got here Tuesday afternoon.-_ Why didnt you call us earlier?A. Good luck!B. You did? C. Its no surprise. D. You are welcome.(22) - May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.- _, thanks. I think I can manage. A. All right. B. No problem.C.Its all right. D.Theres no way. （32） I love the Internet. Ive come to know many friends on the Net. _. Few of them would become your real friends.A. Thats for sureB. Its not the caseC. I couldnt agree more D. Im pleased to know that