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2014年职称英语卫生类A级考前押题 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近折选项。1.She was a puzzle.A girl C problemB womanD mystery2.Her speciality is heart surgeryA regionC fieldB site D platform3.France has kept intimate links with its former African territoriesA friendly C strongB privateD secret4.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly,A spread C beatenB mixedD covered5.he industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.A destroyedC smashedB brokeD changed6.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.A posted C givenB sent D handed7.The change in that village was miraculous.A conservative C insignificantB amazing D unforgettable8.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.A make C postponeB demandD obtain9.Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.A ban C eliminateB remove D expel10. She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A declares B assertsC describes D announces.11.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculousA fieldC knowledgeB point of viewD information12.The latest census is encouragingA statement B assessmentC evaluation D count13.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.A different C uncomfortableB proud D unconscious14.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A able C qualifiedB fortunate D competent15.He was elevated to the post of prime minister.A pulledC liftedB promoted D treated第2部分：阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Osteoporosis and MenMention the word osteoporosis in the manly world of testosterone, professional basketball and the XFL, and you re likely to get a wave of the hand and a dismissive That s a woman s disease. Not so. More than 2 million American men have been found to have the thinning bones and skeletal weakness of osteoporosis, and an additional 3 million are at an increased risk of developing them.Its true that osteoporosis strikes women with much greater frequency than men - in some studies as much as four to six times as often. But thats no reason to brush it off as their disease. Its a mere stroke of gender luck that mens bones tend to grow larger, stronger and denser. Also paying dividends are those spots that boys (and, increasingly, girls) play as children - running up and down basketball courts, soccer and baseball fields. As it happens, physical activity is one of the more important ways to increase bone density and protect bone health.But even the most active men cannot ignore certain facts of life. All of us build up our bones during the first three decades of life, typically reaching peak bone mass in the early 30s. Around the age of 35, we begin gradually to lose some of this bone mass. Women ultimately give up between 30%. Though mass loss in men is lower, it still makes us vulnerable to back pains and bone fractures. In fact, this year alone American men will suffer as many as half a million osteoporosis-related breaks, mostly in the spine, hip and wrist. These are not only painful; thousands die each year from fracture-related complications.For many of us, however, theres still time. Of all the side effects of aging, osteoporosis is one of the more preventable, through diet, exercise and changes in lifestyle. The two key nutritional substances for bone health are calcium, which makes bones stronger, and vitamin D, which helps the body absorb the calcium.Exercising is also important, with emphasis on weight-bearing activities in which bones and muscles work against gravity. Lifting weights and working out on resistance machines can help preserve bone density.Be careful about whats in your medicine cabinet. Prolonged use of some medications, such as steroids, can weaken your bones. Smoking and drinking are both bad for bones, as is prolonged weightlessness, for anybody who plans to work on the space station.1 Men are justified in thinking that osteoporosis is a womans disease.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 Most women also think that osteoporosis is a womans disease.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 The kind of sport that boys often play as children is good for the build-up of their bones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 You are prone to bone breaks if you suffer from osteoporosis.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 In general, men and women reach peak bone mass at the age of 35.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Exercising is an important way to protect bone health.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 Weight loss is also bad for your bones.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子。阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。English and English Community1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.4 Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.23 Paragraph 1_ .24 Paragraph 2_ .25 Paragraph 3_ .26 Paragraph 4_ .A Threat Posed by EnglishB Definition of a Speech CommunityC Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageD Advantages of Learning ChineseE Two Groups of the English Speech CommunityF A Widely Used Language27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of _28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from _ .29 People who live in different places may belong to _ .30 Many people learn English as _ .A a second languageB the same languageC the same speech communityD any other languageE national boundariesF a part of ones heritage第4部分：阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。A New Cause of SufferingA conference on obesity(肥胖症)was recently held in Vienna. Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are too fat. Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering.Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: we are living in the new age but with the metabolism(新陈代谢)of a stone-age man .I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza(比萨饼) shop is appearing on every corner. We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: eighty per cent of all diabetics(糖尿病人)are too fat, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with fatty tissue complaints. Ten per cent more weight means thirteen pet cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. the health insurance pays for surgery(such as reducing the size of the stomach)when the body-mass index(身体质量指数)is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. One should start earlier.Toplak said tat prevention should begin in school. Child obesity has a close relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.1How many people are suffering from obesity in the world?A250,000,000B25,000,000C1,200,000,000D120,000,0002the united states is cited as a country whereAobesity is not a problem at all.Byou can find many new things.Cterrible things happen all the time.Dit is easy to buy fast food.3according to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPTAhigh blood pressure.Bfatty tissue complaints.CstomachacheDheart disease4Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent onAsurgeryBfat peopleCpreventive programsDstate health services.5in Toplaks opinion, the more time a child spends watching TVAthe better he will do in his studiesBthe more likely he will get too fatCthe less likely he will get too fatDthe more friends he will have at schoolYoung SmokersIt has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays.There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.36.In this passage the author puts an emphasis onA.the consequence of smoking among children.B.the difficulty in prohibiting children from smoking.C.the causes of smoking among children.D.the solution to ban smoking among children37.Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokersA.Disobedience.B.Laziness.C.Abstinence.D.Vanity.38.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passageA.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity and vanity.B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.C.In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should set examples.D.It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking.39.The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smokingA.hould be introduced, for it really works at the school.B.should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.C.should be introduced though it may not work effectively.D.needn t be introduced as long as teachers don t smoke.40.The authors attitude towards his writing isA.Objective.B.Emotional.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.Demand on Treatment EmphasizedAIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment.the World Health Organization(WHO) said Tuesday，asking for more small communitybased clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people.An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS，twothirds of them in Africa，but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003，the UN health agency said in its annual report.“Without treatment，all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,”the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report.WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease，”Lee said.“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow.This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss，”he added.Anti retroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer.The annual cost of treatment，which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed，has dropped to about $150.Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts，the report said，citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected，and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection，the report said.Since its discovery in the 1980s，more than 20 million have died of AIDS，mostly in poor countries41.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countriesA.They put too little emphasis on treatment.B.They refuse to be treated.C.They are not receiving any treatment.D.They live longer than those in developed countries42.The WHO publishes its World Health ReportA.once a year.B.once a decade.C.once every two years.D.twice a year43.According to Lee，our response to the AIDS disease isA.overemphasized.B.a matter of little significance.C.a matter of great significance.D.timely44.AIDS treatment programs may also result inA.more effective prevention.B.lower yearly cost.C.better drugs.D.greater emphasis on treatment45.How many people have died of AIDS so farA.36 million.B.46 million.C.Around 440，000.D.More than 20 million第5部分：补全短文。阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _(2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they cant pass germs on to each other. _(3) What if youre in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldnt stand the garlic smell on a fellow actors breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _(4) We now know why. Its been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. Its not strong at all.ABut no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchBAs a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.CThey say it may help in one way, though.DMany people eat garlic.EBut keeping your distance can be hard at times.FThey hoped it would keep away the evil eye.第6部分：完形填空。阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Healthy FoodStreet sellers, particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food _(1) people on low incomes. This sector (部门) also employs some 6-25% of the work force, mainly women, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other produce. In many countries, _(2), the authorities are not willing to recognize it as a formal sector of the food _(3) system; they may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to _(4).There are two possible contaminants (污染物): pathogenic (病原) micro-organisms (微生物) _(5) harmful chemicals. As _(6) as micro-organisms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transmission of infection than foods obtained in, e.g. hotels. Studies in Egypt and elsewhere have found street foods to compare not unfavorably with hotel _(7) in respect of contamination with micro-organisms - some street foods were found to be contaminated with pathogens (病原菌), but so were foods from four, and five-star _(8) in the same area.Harmful chemicals have been found in street foods, and food exposed for sale on roadsides, may become _(9) by lead from vehicle exhausts.Health dangers may arise from: purchase of raw materials of _(10) quality; improper storage, processing, and cooking, leading _(11) reuse of water; limited piped drinking-water; lack of refrigeration (冷藏); unsatisfactory waste-disposal facilities; and personal cleanliness.The authorities should _(12) into account the potentials of different categories of food for transmitting disease, and should set appropriate standards of control for the different categories - sellers of bottled drinks require less control than those of food. Dry foods, dried grains, and sugared foods are _(13) likely to transmit disease than cooked rice, low-acid milk, egg, and meat products. _(14), foods which are thoroughly cooked and eaten at _(15) are safer than precooked food kept at high temperatures for several hours.1 Afor Bon Cby Dat2 Abut Bhowever Cbesides Dmoreover3 Achoice Bprocessing Csupply Dproduction4 Athem Bthose Chim Dit5 Aand Bor Cbut Dyet6 Asoon Bfar Cmuch Dmany7 Aservices Bkitchens Chygiene Dfoods8 Ahotels Bhouses Cbuildings Dgenerals9 Asupported Benriched Ccontaminated Dwashed10 Aheavy Bclear Chigh Dpoor11 Ato Babout Cfrom Daround12 Ause Bthink Ctake Dwork13 Ahighly Bnever Cnot Dless14 ACertainly BInterestingly CSurprisingly DSimilarly15 Aonce Btwice Ccall Dwork词汇选项1 D2 C3 A4 B5 D6 C7 B8 C9 A10 C11 B12 D13 C14 C15 B阅读判断参考答案：1. B2. C3. A4
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