毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 中英文对照 机械专业 模具制造网格资源服务平台及其关键技术研究

模具制造网格资源效劳平台及其关键技术研究摘要：网格的本质特征是资源的共享和协作。本文提出了模具制造网格效劳平台的体系结构，提出由资源层、资源表示层和接口层表示的模具制造资源层次模型，对模具企业里的各种与模具全生命周期有关的资源进行了分类，阐述r如何对模具制造资源进行聚类、描述和封装。为模具企业实现信息化和网格化制造提供理论支撑。关键词：制造网格，资源封装，网格效劳，模具制造1 简介网格技术是新型网络根底架构，用于实现互联网上所有资源，包括计算资源、存储资源、通信资源、软件资源、硬件资源、信息资源、知识资源等的全面连通，并消除资源孤岛。每种资源作为网格的一个节点，具有一定的属性，实现一定的功能，在网格平台上，用户只需向网格提交“任务，网格会自动分配相应的资源来完成工作，并将结果反应给用户1。美国Argonne国家实验室Globus工程负责人Ian Foster将网格描述为“在动态变化的多个虚拟机构间共享资源和协同解决问题。网格技术与其它技术相比，例如Internet、分布式计算(DCE)、对等计算P2P技术，其明显区别就是资源被网格化封装，对资源的共享不再是初始层次的文件交换，而是指能够以效劳的方式直接地访问计算机、软件、数据以及其它资源2。网格具有资源共享、协同工作和动态组成虚拟组织这3个特点。目前，国内外许多公司和研究机构都对网格技术进行了深入研究和实验。在工程领域，BOEING，FORD和BMW等大公司都在尝试使用网格计算进行复杂产品的设计与仿真，重点解决飞机、汽车等复杂产品的海量计算问题。福特使用网格技术构造了一个网上集市，通过网络连接到它的3万多个供货商，从而能够节省大约80亿美元的采购本钱。如何将网格技术应用在制造领域，解决制造资源共享问题，引起了国内外研究机构的兴趣3。模具是制造业的根底工艺装备，是技术、劳动、资金密集型的高附加值产品。许多模具企业在资金、设备、人力以及技术方面的力量相对薄弱，资源缺乏，缺乏市场竞争力。制造资源利用效率低，共享性差，导致重复投资。信息化资源分散、异构、复杂，缺乏跨区域及部门协作的标准4。网格技术为如何整合模具企业制造资源提供了有效的解决途径。基于网格和相关的信息技术，借助于网络将分散在不同类型的模具企业和社会群体中的模具相关的设计、制造、管理、信息、技术、智力和软件资源，通过封装和集成，屏蔽资源的异构性和分布性，以透明的方式为用户提供各类制造效劳。模具制造网格使企业能够以请求效劳的方式方便地获得所有与制造相关的效劳，能够像使用本地资源一样方便地使用封装在制造网格中所有的资源，实现各类资源的集成和优化运行，从而实现模具企业间的商务协同、设计协同、制造协同和供给链协同。2 效劳平台结构网格技术在制造业的应用，可以为制造业提供一个公共的制造网格平台，可实现资源共享、协同设计和协同制造，到达降低制造本钱、提高资源利用率和加快产品上市时间的目的5咱。现有的制造资源共享方案，例如互联网，B2B，ASP，Java，CORBA等，在共享配置的灵活性或在共享资源种类上不能完全满足虚拟组织的需要。网格最主要的特点是资源的协同共享，即能提供网格效劳(Grid Enabled Service)，其优势就是能解决动态多机构虚拟组织中的资源共享和协同问题。由于制造涉及到的资源非常多，因此构建面向所有制造业产品的制造网格是不现实的，而由于行业企业之间的紧密协作通常对网络上的资源共享具有很大的需求空间，因此构建面向行业的制造网格是网格技术在制造业快速应用的前提。鉴于此，并且由于前期在模具设计与制造行业积累的设计、分析和制造经验，本文通过与相关企业和协会合作，逐步建立基于模具制造资源网格的模具协同设计与制造效劳平台。利用模具制造网格提供的资源搜索功能和信息效劳，能够针对应用要求，快速构建模具制造虚拟组织，提高虚拟组织的响应速度；其次，网格是开放的，建构于网格技术之上的模具虚拟组织能够支持成员的动态参加和退出，以及模具制造资源动态增加和减少，从而能在产品开发需求发生变化的条件下，及时调整模具虚拟组织的结构，改变模具制造资源的组成，快速适应需求的变化，增强模具虚拟组织敏捷制造的能力；最后，将网格技术应用于模具虚拟组织制造资源调度，有利于加强对模具虚拟组织制造资源信息和状态的监控。基于网格的模具制造资源效劳平台结构如图l所示，共包含4层结构：最底层是模具制造网格效劳节点构造层，实现制造资源的封装；第2层是核心中间件层，采用GT40(Globus Toolkit 4o)作为网格平台；第3层为用户件层，包括模具制造具体应用所需工具包，如全局制造资源管理器、可靠性评测和协同工作环境工具等；最上层是应用层，面向模具制造业的各个应用行业。通过网格门户，可以提交任务，使用平台中的各种效劳。模具协同设计与分析 应 用层故障诊断电子商务远程操作 用 户 件 层可靠性等性能评测网格全局资源管理器协同工作环境工具模具制造网格工具包基于GT4.0的模具网格平台平安管理数据管理信息效劳质量管理 核心中间件层 节点层 模具制造网格效劳节点模具人才资源知识技术资源信息效劳资源加工设备资源设计分析资源图1 基于网格的模具制造资源效劳平台结构3 平台建立关键技术研究3.1 模具制造资源的分类和聚类制造资源是指涉及到企业生产经营的活动和产品全生命周期制造中的所有资源的总称，是企业的设备、材料、人员与产品生命周期所涉及的硬件和软件的总和7。为便于对制造资源进行分类建模，根据模具设计和制造过程的特点，本文将模具制造资源分为模具设计与分析资源、模具加工资源、模具信息与效劳资源、模具知识与技术资源、模具人才资源等。其中，设计与分析资源包括模具设计与制造过程中需要的CADCAECAPPCAM软件；加工资源包括各种加工设备及装备等；信息与效劳资源包括市场、客户、管理、售后及效劳信息等；知识与技术资源包括知识库、实例库、标准、设备和软件的使用能力等级等；人才资源是指专家及雇员的水平、经验以及各方面的能力。由于现实中对制造资源称呼的不一致以及资源信息的多参数表示，带来了网格中制造资源的模糊性，如某两台加工设备的加工精度可能差异不大，但加工尺寸相差很多。因此，采用模糊数学的语言和方法进行网格制造资源的动态聚类分析。通常情况下描述模具制造资源信息和任务信息的各参数的量纲是不同的，所以动态聚类的第1步是把量纲的影响消除，将数据做归一化处理；第2步可用欧氏距离法确定各个制造资源之间的相似系数(即相似程度)；最后一步是根据聚类需要细分还是粗分的要求，进行运算矩阵的取舍，可得到不同的制造网格资源聚类结果。对制造网格中的模具制造资源进行动态聚类的目的，是除将具有相似语义的资源信息归类外，更重要的是对相同类型的资源进行更为细致的分类，为下一步的资源检索提供前提和保障。将资源进行聚类分析之后，只需检索与任务请求信息最为接近的聚类单元中的资源，这样可以节约大量的时间和计算机性能开销1。3.2 模具制造资源网格的描述及封装网格效劳(Grid Services)可以简单地表示为“网格效劳=接口行为+效劳数据，网格效劳通过定义接口来完成不同的功能，效劳数据是关于网格效劳实例的信息。以GT40为开发工具，综合应用J2EE，NET及Web Service等技术，提出了模具制造网格资源效劳平台模型。GT40是一个开放源码的网格根底平台，基于开放网格效劳体系(Open Grid Service Architecture，OGSA)，支持网格和网格应用，能为构建网格应用提供中间件效劳和程序库。GT40通过将资源包装为Web Service，以标准的WSDL接口来屏蔽资源间的异构4。模具制造资源网格节点模型应遵从Web效劳资源框架(Web Service Resource Framework，WSRF)的架构，支持模具制造资源效劳的统一描述、发现机制，支持网格环境下效劳节点之间的互操作。该模型在全面包含资源信息的条件下，向效劳访问者提供标准化的操作访问机制。自下而上分别是模具制造资源层、模具制造资源表示层和模具制造资源接口层。将模具制造资源封装成为独立的网格效劳节点，需明确定义相应的接口，让用户可以得到足够的信息来调用这个网格效劳，并借助L(eX-tensible Markup Language)来实现这些效劳的描述、封装等功能。同时，资源效劳节点也可以作为资源请求者向其它资源效劳提供者请求资源效劳，资源效劳节点之间P2P(Peer to Peer)的对等关系。Study On Key Technologies Of Mold Manufacturing Grid Service PlatformABSTRACT：The essentially feature of grid is the share and coopermion of the resourcesThe structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform consist of the node layer，the core middleware layer，the user case layer and application layer is proposedManufacturing resources associated with the total iifecycle of mold are classified and integratedit presents the key technologies such as dynamic clustering by fuzzy mathematics， describing and encapsulating by Web Services Description Language(WSDL)on mold manufacturing gridThis research provides the theoreticaI basis to realize information engineering and network manufacturing for the die and mold enterprisesthe new model wilI play an important role on increasing efficiency of computation and design and manufacturing facilities，and quickening process of mold developmentKEYWORDS：Manufacturing Grid，Resource Encapsulation，Grid Service，Mold manufacture1 IntroductionGrid technology is a new type ofnetwork structureIt is applied to connect all the resources in intemet，which contain computing，storage commui-cations，software and hardwareEvery kind of resources，as a node of grid，has its special attribute，and can realize a certain functionOn the grid platform，customers only need to submit to assignment to gddTheGrid will distribute corresponding resource automatically to finish the assignment and feedback results to customers 1 .Ian Foster，from Argonne National Cab of the USA，describes grid as “sharing resources and cooperating with each other to solve problems among several virtual dynamic unionThe obvious difference between grid technology and other technology，such as technology of Intemet，Distributed Computing，PeertoPeer computing，is that resources are encapsulated with gridBesides，the sharing of sources is not file exchange oforiginal levels but directly visit to computer，software，data and other resources by sevice2Grid has three features of sharing resource，working in cooperation and forming virtual dynamic unionAt present，many corporations and research institutes in and abroad has made deeply study and made experiments on grid technologyIn engineering field，some big corperations，for example，BOEING、FORD and BMW are trying to use grid computation to design and emulate complicated products，putting emphasis on settle mass calculation problems about airplanes and carsFORD constructed a network market by making use of grid technology，saving purchasing cost of 8 billion dollarsHow to apply grid technology to manufacturing field to settle problems of the resource sharing arouses interests from research institues in and abroad3Mold is the basic technology equipment of manufacturing industry，and it is the high value-added products of technology，labor capital -intensiveMost of mold enterprises are weak at capital，equipments，manpowers，and technology，short of resourcesThey lack capacity of competition in marketManufacturing resources are of low utilization ratio，poor sharing possibility，which lead to repeated investmentInformationize resources are dispersed， heterogeneous。they are deficient in standard of cooperation crossing areas and departments4It is grid technology that provide effective ways to settle problems for how to integrate manufacturing resources of mold enterprisesOn the basis of grid and other related technology，the design，manufacture，management ,information，technology，intelligence and software resources that related to mold which dispersed in different types of mold enterprises and social groups，can be encapsulated and integrated， can be shielded the heterogeneity and distribution of resources， can be offered kinds of manufacturing service for customers in transparent ways2 the Structure of Service PlatformThe application of grid technology in manufacturing industry call offer a public manufacturing grid platform and realize resource sharing，collaboration design and manufacturing to reduce manufacturing cost，raise utilization ratio of resources and quicken listed time of productsl5-6IThe present program of manufacturing resources sharingsuch as internet B2B，ASP，JAVA，CORBA，cannot fully meet the needs of virtual organization about flexibity of sharing disposal or vanity of sharing resourceThe most important feature of grid is coordination，sharing of resource，that is to say，it can offer grid service，its advantage can settle problem of resource sharing and coopermion in virtual dynamic unionAs there are so many resources referred to manufactureit is unrealistic to struct manufacturing grid facing all the manufacturing productsIn consideration of this，and because experience about design，analysis and manufacture from mold design and manufacturing business，these writers are establishing mold manufacturing grid service platform progressive by working together with some mold enterprises and associationsThe structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform based on grid is like fig1，there are 4 layersthe boRom layer is the node layer of mold manufacturing grid service，which Can realize encapsulation of manufacturing resources； the second layer is core middleware layer，GT4(Globus Toolkit40)is used as grid platform；the third layer is User case layer，it includes Mold manufacturing grid toolkit，such as collaborative work environment tool，grid global resource manager，performance evaluation；the top layer is application layer facing every applied trade of mold manufacturing industryAssignments Can be submitted through grid portal，and various kinds of service in the platform can be usedMold collaboration design and analysis Appication layer FaultdiagnosisE-CommerceRemote operation User Case layerMold manufacturing grid toolkitPerformance evaluation (reliability)Grid global resource managerCollaborative work environmentInformationserviceMold grid service platform based on GT4.0 Cormidd- leware layerData managementSecurity managementQuality managementMold manufacturing grid toolkitManufactu-ring equipment resourcesKnowledge and technology resourcesInformation services rsourcesTalents resources Node layerDesign and analysis resourcesFig.1 The structure of mold manufacturing grid service platform based on grid3 Key Technologies of Platform Establishment3.1 the classification and clusteringManufacturing resource is a general name，it means all resources which refer to productions and management activities of enterprise associated with the total lifecyclet71This paper，to classify and establish mold manufacturing resources conviently ，divides mold manufacturing resources into mold design and analysis resources，mold manufacturing equipment resources，mold information service resources，mold knowledge and technology resources and mold talent resources and SO on，according to the features during the mold design and manufacturing processAmong them，the design and analysis resources include CADCAECAPPCAM software；the manufacturing equipment resources include various kinds of machining equipment；the information service resources include markets，customers，management，service after sale；the knowledge and technology resources include utilization of knowledge library，living example library，stardard equipment and software；the talents resources is experts and employees level，experiment and other abilitiesBecause of the manufacturing resources name is differ and the resouces is multiparameter，it brings fuzzyness of grid manufacturing resourcesFor example，the machining precision of two machining equipments may not be obvious；but their machining size is quite differentTherefore，it is necessary to make dynamic clustering by fuzzy mathematics languages and methods on舒d manufacturing resourcesGenerally the dimension of every parameter which used to describe resource information and assignment information of mold manufacturing are differentConsequently，the first step of dynamic clustering is to eliminate the influence of dimension and normalize datas；the second step is to certain the similarity coefficient among manufacturing resources by euclidean distance method，the last step is to operate matrix according to requirements of clustering，then different clustering results of manufacturing grid will be obtainedAfter clustering analysis for resources，we only need to search resource which is nearest to the clustering unit of assignment request informationThus，much time and computer function expense can be saved13.2 Description and encapsulation of mold manufacturing resources gridGrid services can be easily indicated as an equation that “grid services = interfaceconduct+service dataGrid services finish different function through defining interfaceService data is the information about example of grid servicesThis paper put forward mold manufacturing grid service platform applies J2EENET and Web Service technology with GT4(Globus Toolkit40)GT4 is based on open grid service architectureGT4 supports grid and grid application，offers middleware service and program library for structing grid applicationGT4 can shield heterogeneity among resource with standard WSDL interface by paking resource as web service4.Grid node model of mold manufacturing resources should obey the structure of Web Service Resource Framework，support the united description，discovery mechanism and interoperability among service node in grid environmentThis model provides standardized operation visit mechanism for service visitionsIt includes resource information completely The model is composed of a resource layer，ail expression layer and an interface layerIt is necessary to make clear definition for relevant interface for encapsulating mold manufacturing resources asindepeut grid service nodeAfter that，customers carl receive enough information to call this grid service，realize description and encapsulation function of these grid services by XML(extensive makeup language)At the same time resource service node can be ask services from other resource service providersThe relationship among resources node is P2P(peertopeer)relationship