西安交大版 硕士英语综合教程1 (课后参考答案)

西安交大版 硕士英语综合教程1 （课后参考答案）Unit 1 LowCarbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon EconomyIII. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid buildup of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a lowcarbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and largescale climate change(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and stateoftheart computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0 to 2.42. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the countrys top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, its essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of stateoftheart technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. Thats because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of socalled climatesensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Text B Living a LowCarbon LifestyleKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) perilously(2) in harmony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you want to do(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun(4) are lined and not covering radiators(5) coming on, warm enough, youre not heating rooms(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life(7) for the strictly necessary amount of time, hot/warm food(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms(9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently(10) easily reused and recycled, with the lowest packagingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(10) FUnit 4 Artificial IntelligenceText A The Future of Artificial IntelligenceIII. Keys to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our lives(2) the computerbased artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances(5) become quite formidable and will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) contingency(10) mainstayb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality; this is because mans cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out.(3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of mans thinking mode.(4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upperclass society.(5) Its a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention.(6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computeran affordable machine for the masses.(7) So theres no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.(8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.2) Translate the following paragraph into English.Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this yearand are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011yet there is little or no control over how these machines are used. Some help busy professionals entertain children; other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cutoff so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the other end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger caregivers has spurred the development of eldercare robots.”b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.计算的能力当然与生存无关,然而随着语言改变了人类的文化,至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令,而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西,将它们写下来并用以完成其它类似的功能,所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙,并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算通过上百个计算机,尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算的计算机,可以在几毫秒就完成。2) Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 但它们并不是用高出一筹的逻辑和力量统治人类,而是有可能导致一个与他人完全隔绝的底层人群的产生。(2) 机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能导致(被服务者)与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津。(3) 许多机器人被设计成玩具,但它们也能扮演照看孩子的角色: 监督孩子的一举一动,通过无线电脑连接或移动电话与另一个房间甚至另一座建筑物内的家长联络。(4) 但是由于机器人保姆能在身体上保护孩子的安全,可能会造成孩子一天数小时或者几天都不与人接触,同时不同程度的与社会隔绝对孩子成长可能造成的心理影响目前还不清楚。(5) 护理老年人的机器人能帮助老年人在自己家中自理,但它们的存在可能会使老年人完全处于机器人照顾之下,从而面临缺乏足够的与人交流机会的危险。Text B Revenge of the NerdsKey to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) in full swing(2) awestruck(3) imminent(4) daunting(5) affable(6) relish(7) omniscience(8) outlandish(9) alien(10) harnessb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) the Silicon Valley dollar(2) the transformative moment(3) “the worlds first cyborg”(4) current singularitarianinchief, inventor Ray Kurzweil(5) genetics, nanotechnology and robotics(6) The sense of imminence and immediacy(7) not just language but complex abstractions(8) anything being dangerous or sentient(9) people were scared of these machines(10) cryonic suspensionc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) T(10) F unit6 UrbanLifeTextAHowtheCityHurtsYourBrain,andWhatYouCanDoaboutItIII.KeytotheExercises1.ReadingComprehensiona.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)B(5)Cb.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyouvelearnedinthetext.(1)thecityhasalwaysbeenanengineofintellectuallife;itisnoteasytoliveinthecitybecauseitspreadsterriblediseasesandisfarawayfromnaturewithconsiderablepressures(2)itforcesourbraintotakeenergyandefforttomonitoreverypotentialthreatonthebusyandnoisystreetsandconstantlyredirectsourattention,whichexploitsoneofthecrucialweakspotsofthebrain(3)naturalsettingsarefullofobjectsthatautomaticallycaptureourattentionwithouttriggeringanegativeemotionalresponseandthusourbrainwhichdirectsattentioncanrelaxdeeplyandreplenishitself(4)thebrainisassaultedwithtemptationsandresistingthesetemptationsrequiresthebraintousethepartofitthatisresponsiblefordirectedattention,whichmeansthatitsalreadybeenexhaustedbywalkingaroundthecityandthenwillfailtoexertselfcontrol(5)theyarethecentersofsocialactivitiesthatlargelyleadtourbancreativityasstrangersinteractwitheachotherinunpredictableways2.Vocabularya.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.(1)overlooking(2)migrations(3)thoroughfare(4)layout(5)hectic(6)wellspring(7)corollary(8)undiluted(9)myriad(10)vibrantb.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.(1)B(2)B(3)A(4)D(5)C(6)D(7)A(8)A(9)B(10)D3.ClozeChooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)control(2)otherwise(3)revenue(4)neighboring(5)announced(6)crossroads(7)taking(8)imposing(9)maximize(10)prosperity(11)rather(12)though(13)accomplish(14)making(15)pave(16)gradually(17)sparing(18)Under(19)instead(20)lower4.Translationa.ChinesetoEnglish1)TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)TherearealotmorewonderfulandexcitingthingswaitingforyouinNewBeijing,adynamicmodernmetropoliswith3,000yearsofculturalandhistoricaltreasureswovenintotheurbanprosperity.(2)Heissuchanenthusiasticfootballfanthathetendstoholdforthonhisfavoriteteamwheneveritismentioned.(3)Theeducationalsystemhastobeabletooutfittheyounggenerationwithnecessaryknowledge,attitudesandvaluesthatwouldensuretheyareintimeforthenewageinwhichtheremightbenojobsbutonlyopportunities.(4)Theanxiousmothersearchedhighandlowforhermissingson,onlytofindhimsleepingsoundinthemessoftoysinhisownbedroom.(5)Inordertofindbetterdetectionandtreatment,thehospitalwillactivelycooperatewithalocalresearchinstitutetolookforgeneticmarkersthatcorrelatewiththischronicdisease.(6)Theaccountingsystemofanenterpriseconsistsofthemethods,procedures,anddevicesusedbyaneconomicentitytokeeptrackofitsfinancialactivitiesandtosummarizetheseactivities.(7)Whenshegraduatedfromcollege,Cindydecidedtogobacktoworkintheorphanagewhereshehadbeenbroughtup,becauseherheartwasoverstuffedwithgratitudeandwarmthforthosewhohadgenerouslyhelpedherinhergrowthandshewantedtobelikethemalsotogivehelptothekidswhohadlosttheirparents.(8)NASAplannedtosplurgeonthefeasibilityoftheprojectofsendingastronautstoMarsandhavingthemsettledownonit.2)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.Expo2010ShanghaiisthefirstExpoheldbyadevelopingcountry,thefirstheldinthedowntownareaofamegacity,anditwasheldundertheshadowoftheinternationalfinancialcrisis.ThisisaseveretesttoChinaandShanghai.Overthepasteightyears,wemobilizedresourcesthroughoutthecountryandpooledthewisdomoftheworldinthepreparationfortheExpo.ThepeopleofShanghai,inparticular,madeselflesscontributionsandtheInternationalExhibitionsBureauandhostcountriesofpastExposprovidedvaluableguidance.ThesuccessoftheExpocouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthetirelesseffortsofmanypeople,includingtheorganizers,constructionworkers,staffmembers,visitorsandvolunteers.Itistheirsincerity,wisdomandhardworkthathaverenderedsplendortotheExpo.OnbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,Iwishtoexpressheartfeltgratitudeandpayhightributetoallthecomradesandfriendswhohaveparticipatedin,supportedandcontributedtotheShanghaiExpo.b.EnglishtoChinese1)TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.然而,这些大草原式的公园实际上对大脑并无多少益处。在最近发表的一篇论文中,昆士兰大学生态学家理查德富勒发现,绿色空间的心理效益与植物种类的多样性密切相关。如果一个城市公园中树木的品种较多,则在这里呆过的受试者在各种心理健康测试中的得分都较高,至少与其在生物多样性较少的公园呆过后相比是这样。“我们非常担忧城市化对于其他物种的影响,”富勒说。“但是我们人类也受到了影响。绿色空间能让我们放松、休息,这就是对其进行投资的重要原因。”2)ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(1)二月份在位于东69号大街附近风景如画的公园人行道上,一棵美国榆树的树干断落,造成一名46岁的布鲁克林男子死亡,其原因是厚重的积雪使之不堪重负。(2)“除非把城市中的每一棵树都砍倒,否则无法保证树干脱落的情况不会发生,”市长在新闻发布会上说道。(3)为了减少意外事故的危险,位于中央公园的25000棵树木受到定期检查、修剪这一任务落在了“中央公园保护组织”身上,这是一个私人的非营利性组织,承担公园大部分的日常维护、经营和预算任务。(4)纽约市五百二十万棵树木的其它部分由城市公园管理部负责维护,该部门2009年处理了8500个有关危险树枝的报告,伐除已死亡或存在潜在危险的树干、树枝。(5)布鲁伯格2007年宣布,作为改善公共卫生及环境方案的一部分,未来十年还要在纽约再种植一百万棵树木,因此这些数字还有可能增长。TextBTheNewAgeCavemenandtheCityKeytotheExercisesa.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.(1)indisputable(2)arereplicated(3)communal(4)solitary(5)aspiring(6)misdemeanor(7)intermittently(8)jaunty(9)indigenous(10)hardcoreb.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.(1)spookafemaleguest(2)thatwereunavailable(3)sprintingandjumping(4)allaroundphysicallyfitmen(5)areferencestandard(6)achallengingenvironment(7)“huntergatherer”(8)varioushardships(9)scowledatatomatoplant(10)aregainofthefortitudec.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.(1)F(2)F(3)F(4)T(5)T(6)F(7)F(8)T(9)T(10)TUnit 7 Mass MediaText A A TV Critic in the PostTV WorldIII. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) downloading TV to avoid ads, Netflixing series to watch them in one big marathon, enjoying the convenience or portability, cutting the cable or satellite bills to save money in hard times, using online video as a backup(2) you experienced a broadcast exactly when and how millions of others did: you did it at home, with friends or family, in front of a stationary machine in a dedicated room, preferably with snack chips; TV broadcasts have become raw material to be organized and edited in a collective online canon for you to view online whenever and wherever(3) five to seven minutes seem to be the sweet spot for a webisode, if a video doesnt grab him immediately, he kills it; if a show does engage him, the connection is deeper because he will focus on it physically and mentally(4) finding a show online is more like rummaging through a newandused bookstore; like reading, viewing online TV is solitary because you dont gather the family around you; when viewing online TV, you hold a screen in your hand, balance a laptop or sit at a desk. Like holding a book while reading, theres a small but constant effort, the tiniest bit of physical feedback(5) the differences between big screen and tiny screen; whether the story shown on the screen can be good enough to touch his emotion and to linger and replay inside his head2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) piracy(2) budget(3) whir(4) animation(5) stationary(6) tactile(7) faucet(8) lush(9) rummage(10) premiereb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(