陕西省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题四 完形填空

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版题型技法指导专题四完形填空真题试做A（2012陕西高考）One sunny afternoon，a sevenyearold girl went for a walk.She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods _1_she realised that she was lost.Sitting on a rock and _2_ what to do，she began crying.After a while，she _3_ to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes._4_ it was getting dark，she saw a small，dark wooden house.She opened the door and _5_ stepped in.Suddenly，she heard a strange noise，and she ran out the door and back to the _6_.Cold and tired，she fell asleep near a _7_.The girls parents were out and her dog，Laddy，was at home.Laddy _8_ that his mistress（女主人）was in danger.He jumped _9_ a window，breaking the glass.He looked in the fields，but he couldnt find his mistress anywhere.However，from the ground came a _10_ scent（气味）as he lowered his head.He _11_ the scent and walked across the grassland.Barking _12_ into the air，the dog _13_ through the woods until he found the _14_.But the girl was not there，so he headed back to the woods.Much to his _15_，he saw his mistress blue shirt in the distance.He _16_ over some bushes and saw the little stream，where the girl was _17_.When she opened her eyes and _18_ her dog standing beside her，the girl said，“you _19_ me，Laddy，”and she kissed him several times.Seeing their daughter and dog coming back，the parents burst into tears of _20_.That night Laddy had a heros supper：a huge meal of steak.1Abefore Bsince Cwhile Das2A.wondering Bforgetting Cremembering Dregretting3Apreferred Bexpected Cfailed Ddecided4AWhen BUntil CIf DBecause5A.carelessly Bcautiously Chopelessly Dunwillingly6Atrees Bbushes Cwoods Dgrasses7Astream Brock Ctree Dhouse8Afound Bsensed Cheard Dsmelt9Aat Bthrough Cin Donto10Aterrible Bstrange Cpleasant Dfamiliar11Amissed Bdiscovered Cfollowed Dignored12Acalmly Bloudly Cmerrily Dgently13Asearched Bwandered Clooked Dtravelled14Awindow Bgirl Chouse Dhero15Asatisfaction Bdisappointment Cembarrassment Ddelight16Ajumped Bclimbed Cwalked Dflew17Aawake Babandoned Cavailable Dasleep18Aspotted Bwatched Cobserved Dsaw19Adisturbed Bcomforted Crescued Dscared20Apain Bshock Csorrow DreliefB（2012课标全国高考）Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks _1_ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more _2_ than we realize.In fact，nonverbal（非言语）communication takes up about 50% of what we really _3_.And body language is particularly _4_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so _5_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it._6_，different societies treat the _7_ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having _8_ contact（接触）even with friends，and certainly not with _9_.People from Latin American countries，_10_，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in _11_，it may look like a Latino is _12_ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _13_.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep _14_which the Latino will in return regard as _15_.Clearly，a great deal is going on when people _16_.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from _17_ cultures，theres a strong possibility of _18_.But whatever the situation，the best _19_ is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be _20_.1Astraighter Blouder Charder Dfurther2Asounds Binvitations Cfeelings Dmessages3Ahope Breceive Cdiscover Dmean4Aimmediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult5Awell Bfar Cmuch Dlong6AFor example BThus CHowever DIn short7Atrade Bdistance Cconnections Dgreetings8Aeye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone9Astrangers Brelatives Cneighbours Denemies10Ain other words Bon the other handCin a similar way Dby all means11Atrouble Bconversation Csilence Dexperiment12Adisturbing Bhelping Cguiding Dfollowing13Acloser Bfaster Cin Daway14Astepping forward Bgoing onCbacking away Dcoming out15Aweakness Bcarelessness Cfriendliness Dcoldness16Atalk Btravel Claugh Dthink17Adifferent BEuropean CLatino Drich18Acuriosity BexcitementCmisunderstanding Dnervousness19Achance Btime Cresult Dadvice20Anoticed Btreated Crespected Dpleased考向分析纵观近几年陕西高考及全国卷英语完形填空题，该题均侧重考查考生对“语义、语境、语篇”的深层次理解及语言运用能力（词语运用、词义辨析和短语搭配等）。具体特点如下：1选材以记叙文为主，内容兼有教育性和启迪性 从体裁上看，完形填空题以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，议论文和说明文为辅。陕西卷这几年基本上是以记叙文为主，总词数大体在300词左右。2012年各省高考完形填空题中，记叙文或夹叙夹议文有15篇之多。 从题材上看，完形填空题力图选取一篇有教育意义和现实意义的文章。短文内容新颖、时尚，选材涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、社会热点、政治、经济、人物传记等。2首句一般不设空，全文保持一定的挖空密度完形填空的第一句一般都是完整的句子。记叙文的第一句通常把短文中故事发生的时间、地点、人物和事件等交代清楚，这是考生在解题时理解并掌握全文大意的基础。议论文和说明文的第一句很多时候是文章的主题句，抓住主题句便抓住了文章的主旨。 空格在短文中均衡分布。绝大多数空格之间的距离大致相当，空格与空格之间的平均词距约为11个，最小45个。3以语篇考查为主，单纯语法考查很少完形填空题以语篇为载体，立足于考生对全文的理解，既考查考生的语法知识、阅读理解能力，又考查考生综合运用知识的能力。做题时需要感受语境，通过寻找上下文中的隐含信息才能作出合理的选择。另外，单纯考查语法结构的题目数量很少，重在文意干扰，每题的四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。如果是副词，则都是副词，如果是动词，则都是动词。如果孤立地看挖空的句子，每个选项可能都满足句子的需要，将哪个选项填进去，从语法上讲都是正确的，但是要确定正确答案，只能根据全文的内容和情节发展来作出判断。4以考查实词为主，虚词为辅 选项词汇主要是实词，虚词较少出现。2012陕西卷有17个题考查实词，尤其是动词、动词短语和名词的用法，仅有3题考查虚词。20102012陕西高考卷统计：根据上面表格所反映出来的信息可知，和往年一样，完形填空题重点考查的词类为：名词、动词、形容词、副词。这就要求考生具有很好的词汇知识，能熟练运用所学过的常见词汇；还要求他们具有较强的语感，具有对语篇进行整体处理的能力。做到“上下求索寻信息，左顾右盼找答案，瞻前顾后想全文”，同时结合考生个人积累的各方面的知识正确解读全文。 答题步骤做完形填空试题，切忌孤立地从单句、个别空处着手选答案，这样易脱离上下文，从而产生错误。一般来说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤。1略读全文，把握大意。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。通读全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脉、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，获得整体印象，把握短文大意，使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串联起来。2细读全文，初选试填。在理解全文大意的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，联系上下文内容，运用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要进行综合考虑，通过分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。在作出选择的过程中，要瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先进行确定。对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后分析推敲。3复读全文，校核答案。完成选择后，要把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。完成后的文章应该文意完整、语法正确、语言通顺、用词恰当、逻辑合理、符合习惯表达法。如发现错误或有疑问的答案，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 技法指导1依据文章首句，判断主旨大意。依据文章首句所给的线索可以看出文章的体裁，判断主旨大意，掌握作者的写作思路及其对某人或某事物的感情色彩。只有掌握了主旨大意，理清了文章结构，了解了各部分之间的关系，才能加深对文章的整体理解。换句话说，考生应对全文有一个清晰的概念，明白文章的各部分都是为了表达同一个主题，这样在略读时就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含义，答题时就会显得轻而易举了。如：（2012课标全国高考）Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all!剖析：根据首句可知，这是一篇说明文，介绍身势语的特点、功能及作用。2根据文章大意，把握上下文的关系。做完形填空题绝不能离开上下文。很多题仅从语法角度来说，可能有两三个正确答案，但是结合上下文，情况就不一样了。上下文是形成语境的基础，任何语言结构、语法关系、词语搭配都不能无视上下文的联系。做题时，要学会瞻前顾后，要做到词不离句、句不离段、段不离文。有时我们会发现，上文的答案在下文有提示，而下文的答案在上文中也有信息。如：（2012课标全国高考）According to specialists，our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize.In fact，nonverbal（非言语）communication takes up about 50% of what we really _38_.And body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.37AsoundsBinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages剖析：Dsend out意为“发出，放出”，身势语发出的不是“声音”、“邀请”或“感情”，而是“信息”，所以选messages。38Ahope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean剖析：Dhope“希望”；receive“收到”；discover“发现”；mean“意味着，打算”。根据句意可知应选D项，表示“非言语交际实际上占了我们表达的意思的50%”。39Aimmediate BmisleadingCimportant Ddifficult剖析：C根据连词and可知，该句继续说明身势语的作用，所以应选C项，表示“当我们试图进行跨文化交际的时候，身势语尤为重要”。3根据文章语境，进行词义辨析。完形填空的命题特点之一就是利用词汇辨析知识命题，而且占了整篇文章题目的绝大部分。首先要准确把握词汇的意思和用法以及不同语境中的变化，仔细辨析相似、相近词语的词义，特别注意词语的固定搭配以及词汇的引申意义。如：（2012课标全国高考）It speaks_36_ than words.36Astraighter BlouderCharder Dfurther剖析：Bspeak指说话的方式，根据第一句判断此处说明身势语的作用之大，所以应选B项，表示“身势语比语言更响亮；身势语胜于言辞”。4体会文章的色彩，注意语言的和谐。作者对完形填空文章赋予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩，这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的，而且贯穿全文的。做题时要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性，理解文章的深层含义。如：（2012课标全国高考）People from Latin American countries，_45_，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in _46_，it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _48_.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep _49_which the Latino will in return regard as _50_.45Ain other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means剖析：B拉美人则是另一种情况，所以选B项，表示“另一方面”。46Atrouble BconversationCsilence Dexperiment剖析：B下面描述的是北欧人和拉美人交谈的情况，所以选B项。47Adisturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing剖析：D由于拉美人习惯身体接触，而北欧人却不习惯，所以交谈中不断躲闪着，看起来就像拉美人在追逐北欧人一样，因此选following。48Acloser BfasterCin Daway剖析：A拉美人想要通过身体接触表示友谊，必然会不断地向对方靠近，所以选closer。49Astepping forward Bgoing onCbacking away Dcoming out剖析：C拉美人想要靠近，北欧人则想要躲开，所以选C项表示“向后倒退”。50Aweakness BcarelessnessCfriendliness Dcoldness剖析：D北欧人的躲闪必然使拉美人误以为“冷漠”或“不礼貌”，所以选D项。5把握文章脉络，进行推理判断。在完形填空题中常常要对文章的情节、作者的态度等进行推理判断。因此首先要抓住文章的脉络，弄清楚文章的结构及上下文的逻辑关系。只有这样，才能加深对文章深层意义的理解，从而更好地完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。如：（2012课标全国高考）But whatever the situation，the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be _55_.54Achance BtimeCresult Dadvice剖析：D下文的黄金法则显然是一种“建议”，所以选advice。55Anoticed BtreatedCrespected Dpleased剖析：B根据前面的treat可以推知，此处应用其被动语态形式，所以选B项，表示“按照你想要被对待的方式对待别人”。误区警示1文章大意易错点（2011山东高考）I cant recall any of the songs that the band played.I just remembered that I really enjoyed the show and didnt want it to _49_.49Acontinue BdelayCfinish Dchange【错混透析】C文章讲述的是作者第一次听现场音乐会的故事，当时的演出给他留下了非常深刻的印象，多年之后，作者虽然记不起当时的歌曲，但是记得非常喜欢，所以不想演出“结束”。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生易忽略文章大意。应该在把握文章大意的基础上，对文章进行总体了解，避免做了后面的题目后才发现和前面的内容冲突或矛盾。2情感态度易错点（2011山东高考）However，at the last minute，one of the friends couldnt go，so my brother offered me the ticket.I was really _40_！40Arelaxed BembarrassedCexcited Dencouraged【错混透析】Crelaxed“放松的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；excited“兴奋的”；encouraged“受到鼓舞的”。从当时作者的心情判断，得到票后应该很“兴奋”。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生往往忽略作者的情感态度，错误地理解文章意思。八岁的孩子能够有机会与大哥哥们一起去看现场演出，当然是很“兴奋”，而不会是“放松”、“尴尬”或“受到鼓舞”。3上下文关系易错点（2011山东高考）I remember the buzz（嘈杂声）of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our seats.After a few minutes，the lights went down and everybody became quiet.I could barely make out the stage in the _43_.We waited.43Asilence BnoiseCdarkness Dsmoke【错混透析】C从很难辨认出舞台推断，这是在“黑暗”中，所以看不清。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生往往只拘泥于个别词句的意思，忽略整篇文章的语境和上下文的联系，从而造成失误。在选择答案时不要只注意选项所在的短语、句子或段落，要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。4逻辑关系易错点（2011山东高考）Then there was a roar from the crowd，like an explosion，as the first members of the band _44_ the stage.My brother leaned over and shouted something in my ear，but I couldnt _45_ what he was saying.44Afell upon Bgot throughCbroke into Dstepped onto【错混透析】Dstep onto“踏上，走上”；fall upon“（责任）落在身上，袭击”；get through“通过，做完”；break into“闯入”。 此处演员出场，当然应选D项表示“走上舞台”。45Aforget BhearCrepeat Dbear【错混透析】B由于观众在喊叫，所以尽管哥哥在我耳边大声喊叫，我还是无法“听到”哥哥的话。【解题指导】做这类题时，要合理理解文章的内容，正确地把握逻辑关系。逻辑关系主要涉及原因、时间、条件、转折等方面。只要我们弄明白文中的关键词以及逻辑关系，就能确定比较明确的、直接的答案。5基本常识易错点（2011山东高考）When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre，they all bought _38_ for the performance.38Aflowers BdrinksCclothes Dtickets【错混透析】D根据常识以及下文可知应选D项，去看演出当然是买“票”，而不是买“花”、“饮料”或“衣服”。（2011山东高考）I remember the buzz（嘈杂声）of excitement inside the theatre as we all found our _41_.41Aseats BentranceCspots Dspace【错混透析】Aseats“座位”；entrance“入口”；spots“地点；现场”；space“空白；空”。根据常识可知，在剧场里面应是找到“座位”，而不是找到“入口”、“地点”或“空间”。【解题指导】做这类题时，我们应该在了解短文主要意思的基础上结合基本常识进行解题。平时学习中，应当注意知识的积累，加强不同学科间的知识融合。多阅读，多体会，注意中西文化的差异，掌握一名合格的中学生应具备的基本常识。A（2012安徽皖南八校联考）My husband and I were cleaning windows together yesterday.We have the doublehung（双吊钩的）_1_ that you can pull forward and flip（翻转）, allowing us to _2_ the inside and the outside surfaces.My husband was _3_ one windowand it popped out（跳出）of its frame！Well，our _4_ is for sale and the last thing we needed was for something to _5_.He was so _6_ and tried with all his strength to get it _7_ together，using a few less than pleasant words（I am sorry to say）After twenty minutes he still could not get it _8_.Thats when my 23yearold _9_ told his dad to _10_ for a minute and he would try to fix it with me.Its amazing how you can see things more clearly and do things more _11_ when you are _12_.He and I fixed the window in three minutes！I called my husband in to see！He couldnt _13_ it!I know this isnt really a gift _14_，in a way，it was.My son _15_ my husband to leave，to cool down，and _16_ him from the worry for a moment.And my son fixing it with me was a _17_ to me，because I saw him as a man instead of the kid he always seems to be in my _18_.Calm is good.Breathe through _19_ times and maybe even take a break from stressful times.Return with a clear mind and things will usually _20_ much better!1Adoors Bchairs Ctables Dwindows2Adestroy Bsmooth Cclean Ddry3Awashing Bpainting Crepairing Dchanging4Afurniture Bhouse Chome Dcar5Abreak Bdirty Close Dfly6Ainterested Bdelighted Cworried Dexcited7Aup Baway Cout Dback8Aseparated Bdelivered Cfixed Dadded9Ason Bnephew Cstudent Ddaughter10Aput away Bwalk away Cgive away Dtake away11Afortunately Bdifficultly Cslowly Deasily12Acalm Bequal Cnervous Dfrightened13Ahate Bdoubt Cbelieve Dsatisfy14Aor Bso Cand Dbut 15Aasked Bforced Cordered Dpromised16Akept Bfreed Csaved Dprotected17Asurprise Bwonder Cgift Dhurt18A.power Bhand Cturn Deyes19Aeasy Bhappy Cexciting Ddifficult20Abreak out Bturn out Cpull out Dmake outB（2012陕西咸阳二模）“Life is speeding up.Everyone is getting unwell.”This may sound like something average _1_ would say today.But in fact，people who lived in Rome AD 52 already_2_ it.We all love new_3_.They are exciting，amazing and can even _4_ our lives.But have all these developments really improved the _5_ of our lives?To find the answer，lets take one scene in our real life for an example.Youre _6_to finish your homework on the computer.Your mobile phone rings，a（an）_7_ message from your friend appears on the screen，and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder.Suddenly the computer goes blank and you _8_ all your work.Now you have to _9_ all night to get it done all over again.How can you still feel _10_ and happy?Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they _11_leave us feeling _12_ and tired._13_do people far away from noisy cities，without telephones，cars，even any electricity often seem to be _14_happier？Perhaps because they lead simple lives.One family in the UK went “back in time” to _15_ what life was like without all the inventions _16_we have today.The grandparents，with their daughter，and grandsons，_17_for nine weeks in a 1940s house.They had no washing machines，microwaves，computers or mobile phones.The grandmother，Lyn，said，“It was hard _18_，but not mentally.” She believed life was_19_materialistic（唯物的）“The more things you have，the more difficult life becomes，” she said.The boys said they could go easily without any modern equipment，such as their computers.Benjamin，one of their grandsons，also_20_that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy（时髦的），beerdrinking granny，to one who cooked things”1Ascientist Bcitizens Cwriters Dparents2Abelieved Bimagined Cexpected Drefused3Aattitudes Bideas Cinventions Dsuggestions4Acontinue Breplace Cruin Dchange 5Aconditions Bpaces Cstyles Dquality6Aunwilling Bhesitating Crushing Dfailing7Aunexpected Bfalse Cunforgetable Dwarning8Afinish Blose Cignore Dchoose 9Astay up Bgive up Ccheer up Dbreak up10Aregretful Bcalm Ccurious Dthankful 11Ahardly Bnever Cmerely Doften12Astressed Brelaxed Cexcited Dencouraged 13AWhere BWhen CWhy DHow14A.surely Bsimilarly Ccompletely Dsurprisingly15A.prove Bexperience Cpredict Dhonour 16Ainconvenient Buseless Cavailable Dsuitable17Astayed Bplayed Chid Dworked18Apractically Beconomically Cphysically Dtheoretically19Afor Bafter Cwithin Dbeyond 20Ahoped Bwitnessed Crecommended DdoubtedCI am my mothers third child.When I was born，her doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was _1_，below the elbow（肘部）Then he gave her some _2_：“Dont treat her any _3_ from the other girls.Demand more.” And she _4_！My mother had to work to _5_ our family.There were five girls in our family and we all had to _6_.Once when I was about seven，I came out of the _7_，“Mom，I cant peel（削皮）potatoes.I only have one hand.”“You get back to peel those potatoes，and dont ever use that as a（n）_8_ for anything again！”Of course I could peel potatoeswith my good hand，while holding them down with my _9_ arm.There was always a _10_，and Mom knew it，“If you try hard _11_，” shed say，“you can do anything.”Once in the second grade，our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bars（高低杠）When it was my turn，I _12_ my head.Some kids _13_.I went home crying.The next afternoon，after work，Mom _14_ me back to the school ground.“Now，_15_ up with your right arm，” she advised.She stood by _16_ I practiced，and she _17_ me when I made progress.Ill never forget the _18_ time when I was crossing the bars.The kids were standing there with their mouths open.It was the way with everything.When I _19_ I cant handle（处理）things，I see Moms smile again.She had the heart to _20_ anything.And she taught me I could，too.1Amissing Bbroken Cdiseased Dshort 2Awarning Bmedicine Chelp Dadvice 3Abadly B