山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破七 情态动词和虚拟语气

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版七、情态动词和虚拟语气真题试做1(2012山东高考，30)If we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.Ahavent madeBwouldnt makeCdidnt make Dhadnt made2(2010山东高考，25)I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt3(2008山东高考，24)Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.Acan manageBcould have managedCcould manageDcan have managed考向分析1考查情态动词的基本意义和用法，特别是can，may，must，need，shall，should，had better，would rather等。要求把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，区别意义相近、用法类似的情态动词。2考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断的用法，尤其是can，could，may，might，must表示推测的用法。要求准确把握说话者的语气，深刻体会说话者的情感态度，结合情景做出合理选择。3考查“情态动词have done”结构的用法。要求掌握该结构中不同的情态动词所表达的特殊意义。4考查虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。要求掌握与现在、过去、将来三个不同时间的事实相反的虚拟语气，以及省略if的虚拟倒装句。 5考查虚拟语气在隐含的虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中的用法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供的虚拟条件，明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生的不同时间。6考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法，注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用的形式。热点例析考点一：can/could与be able to1can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell you the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2表示允许可用can或could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。Could I have the television on?Yes，you can./ No，you cant.【典例分析】 (2012全国高考，17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.AcanBmightCwould Dneed答案为A项。can意为“能够”；might意为“可能”；would意为“愿意”；need意为“需要”。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。(2012陕西高考，23)I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.Awont BcantCcan Dwill答案为B项。句意：我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can not 或can never 与too much 连用表示“再也不过分”。故选B项。考点二：may与might1表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：May I use your bicycle?2表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。 如：According to the weather forecast，it may rain tomorrow.3may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：May good luck be yours!【典例分析】 (2012四川高考，19)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao，”just as I_do in China.Amust BmightCcan Dshould答案为B项。must意为“必须，偏要”；might意为“可能”；can意为“能够，可以”；should意为“应该”。句意：我走得近些，听见了他们说汉语。因此我就像在中国可能打招呼的方式一样，说了声“你好”。考点三：must与have to1must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。 如：He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事) My brother was ill，so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)2表示“不必”，须用dont have to或neednt。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。 如：You dont have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事。You mustnt tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事。 Must we do it now？我们必须现在做吗？ No，you neednt.不，你们不必。【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，30)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.Acouldnt BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt答案为D项。A项意为“不能够，不可以”；B项意为“禁止，绝对不可”；C项意为“不应该”；D项意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意判断应选D项，句意：我不必要使用闹钟把我叫醒，因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我房子旁经过。考点四：shall1用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢？2用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上。 You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你。 He says he wont go，but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。 【典例分析】 (2012辽宁高考，24)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.Amight BcouldCshall Dwill答案为C项。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall可用于第三人称的陈述句中，表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情，含有强制的意味。考点五：will与would1will 用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：If you will keep your watch half an hour slow，it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。2will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。3would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考，28)Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but _ say where he was.Amustnt BshouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt答案为C项。mustnt意为“禁止；绝对不可”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt意为“不愿意；不想”；mightnt意为“可能不；也许不”。句意：几天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但是就是不说他在哪里。考点六：should与ought to1should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：You should learn from each other.2ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会”。如： When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon. They should be ready by 12：00.【典例分析】 What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There _ be twelve.Ashould BwouldCwill Dshall答案为A项。由前句“你说什么，只有10张票？”可见说话者感到吃惊，由此判断下句话的意思是“应该”有12张票。should表示“应该”，符合句意。考点七：情态动词表示推测1肯定句中用must(一定，很可能)，may(可能)，might/could(也许，或许)表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态的推测，用must/may/might/coulddo/be句型；表示对此时此刻正在进行的动作的推测，用must/may/might/couldbe doing句型；表示对过去发生的事情的推测，用must/may/might/couldhave done/been句型。如：I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.2否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如：Though he is busy，he cant/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.The room cant have been cleaned by Li Ping，because she left here half a year ago.3疑问句中常用can/could表示推测。如： Can he be English? No.He cant be English.He must be American.The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?【典例分析】 (2011江苏高考，34)I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone _ it.Awill have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen答案为B项。句意：我把我的手提包掉在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人捡到后交给了一位铁路人员。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。will have done sth.为将来完成时；might have done sth.意为“有可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，语气较弱；should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事(而实际没做)”；must have done sth.意为“一定做过某事”，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，语气肯定。根据语境和语气判断应选B项，might have stolen表示“有可能偷了去”，语气比较婉转或不肯定。考点八：“情态动词have done”结构1must have done sth.用来表示对过去的肯定推测。如：Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.2should/ought to have done sth.表示“(过去)本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”，一般含有责备的意味。如：You should have come here a little earlier.3could have done sth.表示“(过去)本能够、本可以做某事(而实际上未做)”，一般也含有责备意味。如：Given more time，he could have done it better.4need not have done sth.表示“(过去)本不必、无需做某事(而已做)”。如：You neednt have come last night.【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考，35)Happy birthday!Thank you！Its the best present I _for.Ashould have wishedBmust have wishedCmay have wishedDcould have wished答案为D项。should have done意为“本应该做”；must have done意为“一定做过”；may have done意为“可能做过”；could have done意为“本能够做，本可以做”。根据句意判断应选D项，表示“这是我所能期望得到的最好的礼物了”。(2012江西高考，22)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt答案为B项。句意：既然Suzie不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。neednt have done表示原本不必要做某事，但事实上已经做了。考点九：虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法虚拟情况从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)would/should/could/might doIf he were here，he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in his place？与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/might have doneIf I had started a little earlier，I would have caught the train.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.与将来事实相反过去式/were to do/should dowould/should/could/might doIf I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.I would certainly go if I had time.1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：Had it not been for your help，we wouldnt have achieved so much.2介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：I wouldnt have made such rapid progress without your help.3有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：If the weather had been more favourable，the crops would be growing still better.【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考，29)Sorry，I am too busy now.If I _ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.Ahave had Bhad hadChave Dhad答案为D项。句意：很抱歉，我现在很忙。要是我有时间，一定会与你去远足的。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句中谓语动词要用过去时。(2012浙江高考，19)Had they known what was coming next，they _ second thoughts.Amay have Bcould haveCmust have had Dmight have had 答案为D项。句意：如果他们知道接下来会发生什么，他们可能就会再三考虑了。该题前半句为省略了if而构成倒装的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，所以主句应用would / should / could / might have done的形式。(2012安徽高考，31)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Alives Bwould liveChas lived Dwere to live答案为D项。句意：格雷斯不想搬到纽约去，因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话，就不能经常见到父母了。由句意可知，这是对将来事情的虚拟，所以条件句中可以用过去式 / were to do或should do的形式。考点十：虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法1在wish后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句谓语向前推一个时态。如：I failed in the exam.I really wish I had known the answers.在it is wished that引导的主语从句以及名词wish后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同wish后面宾语从句的形式。如：It is wished that man could fly freely in the sky.注意：wish的时态和后面从句的时态无关。2在insist(坚决要求)/suggest(建议)/recommend/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用(should) do的形式。如：He suggested that we (should) start at once.在it is suggested/proposed that引导的主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/ proposal/order/demand等后面的表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，谓语的形式同这些名词相应的动词后面宾语从句的形式。如：Their proposal is that their output (should) be increased by 20%.3在it is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用(should) do 的形式。如：It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.4在it is time that后面的从句中用虚拟语气，谓语用过去式或should do的形式，should不可省略。It is time that we went / should go to bed.5在as if / as though后面的从句中也常用虚拟语气。She always talks to me as if she were my sister.【典例分析】 (2012辽宁高考，33)Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid答案为D项。句意：杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。it is high time后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用一般过去时，或should do的形式，should 不能省略，故只有D项正确。(2012北京高考，35)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been答案为B项。在as if 引导的条件句中应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反时用一般过去时，而且不论第几人称，be动词都用were。句意：不要对待那些花瓶好像他们是由钢制成似的。误区警示1情态动词基本用法的易错点(2012重庆高考，25) _ you interrupt now？Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir，but its urgent.ACan BShouldCMust DWould【错混透析】Cmust可表示与说话者主观愿望相反或表示一种不耐烦情绪，意为“偏要，偏偏”，根据语境可知说话者正忙着打电话，不满意对方的打搅，所以选C项。句意：你现在偏要打搅我吗？难道你没看见我正在打电话吗？对不起，先生。但是有急事。can表示“能够，可能”；should表示“应该”；would表示“将要，愿意”。均不合题意。【解题指导】 对于考查情态动词基本用法的题目，首先要掌握各选项的基本意义和用法，其次要注意结合情景特征，体会说话者的语气和态度，不要放过任何细节，利用有效信息，作出最佳选择。2情态动词表示推测的易错点(2011江西高考，23)It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.Amustnt BcantCwont Dneednt【错混透析】 Bmustnt“不许，不可以”，表示禁止；cant“不可能”；wont“将不会”；neednt“不需要”。后一句表明现在时间仅仅是六点，only一词肯定语气强烈，所以选B项表示否定的推测，这么早绝不可能是邮递员。【解题指导】 遇到考查情态动词表示推测的题目，可通过三步作出判断。首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般用must/may/might；否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。然后看是对什么时间的推测：表示对现在的推测用“情态动词do”，表示对过去的推测用“情态动词have done”。最后看句子语气的肯定程度，must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)could/might(可能性较小)。3“情态动词have done”结构的易错点(2012北京高考，33)We _ the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?Ashould faceBmight face Ccould have facedDmust have faced【错混透析】C句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我？could have done意为“(过去)本可以做某事(但实际上没做)”；should do意为“(现在)应该做”；might do意为“可能做某事”，must have done意为“(过去)一定做过某事”。根据句意判断应选C项。由于忽视后面句子的时间，该题易误选A项。【解题指导】 “情态动词have done”结构是高考中经常考查的内容。要分清不同的情态动词所构成的结构表达的不同含义。(1)must have done表示“过去一定做过某事”。(2)may/might have done表示“过去也许做过某事”。(3)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”。(4)could have done表示“(过去)本能够做某事(而实际上未做)”。(5)need not have done表示“(过去)本不必、无需做某事(而已做)”。4隐含虚拟条件中虚拟语气的易错点(2011陕西高考，22)I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.Acouldnt have goneBdidnt goCwouldnt goDhadnt gone【错混透析】 A句意：如果没有你们的慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月。without.表示该句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用would/could/should/mighthave done，故选A项。【解题指导】虚拟语气的题目有时并不出现if条件句，而是通过without/but for/or/otherwise等暗示虚拟的语境。5固定句型中虚拟语气的易错点(2011北京高考，28)Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they _ always late.AwerentBhadnt beenCwouldnt beDwouldnt have been【错混透析】 Awish后面的宾语从句中，与现在事实相反时，谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时。题干中出现always，从句应使用一般过去时。【解题指导】 要想做好固定句型中虚拟语气的题目，既要熟记这些句型，又要记住不同的句型中虚拟语气的表达方式，即谓语用什么形式。1Reading without thinking is like eating without digesting.Never accept whatever is written in a book easily，for even experts _ make mistakes.AmustBshouldCwill Dcan2I _ thank you enough for what you have done for me.Youre welcome.Acan not Bwill notCmust not Dmay not3(2012山东枣庄期末，27) You _ either go with her or stay at home.It all depends on yourself!Awill BmustCshould Dmay4Doctors say that exercise is important for health，but it _ be regular exercise.Acan BwillCmust Dmay5(2012山东日照月考，28) What does the sign over there say?No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.Awill BshallCmay Dmust6Im very sorry.I havent brought you the pen you lent me yesterday.Forget it.You _ not return it to me as I have got an extra one.Amust BneedCcan Dshould7(2012山东潍坊寿光现代中学月考，23) Its said that there are plenty of hotels here.There _ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.Amustnt BneedntCwouldnt Dshouldnt8(2012山东桓台二中月考，31) John，how did your monthly exam go?I thought I _，but in fact I was among the top 5% of the students.Ashould have failedBcouldnt have failedCmight have failedDneednt have failed9(2012山东济宁月考，24)Mary had a traffic accident and has been sent to the hospital.Did you tell her boss about it?Yes，but I _ her husband first.Ashould have toldBshouldnt have toldCmust have toldDneednt have told10The traffic is heavy now，so Mike _ come late.Lets wait ten more minutes.Acan BneedCmay Dshall11(2012山东济宁梁山二中月考，33) If no passersby _ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan，Guangdong，she _ alive now.Aturned；would beBhad turned；would have beenCturned；would have beenDhad turned；would be12Computers are becoming more and more important these years.Yes.Without them human life _ quite different.Awould be BisCwill be Dwould have been13(2012山东滨州邹平四模，12) Do you think the football match would be put off _ tomorrow?Awere it to rainBwould it rainCcould it rainDhad it rained14Had we been more careful，the accident might not have happened.But we _ at that time.Ahadnt BdidntCwerent Dmight not15(2012山东济南一模，12) I give him a piece of advice that he _ a blue or grey suit to the interview.Awears Bshould wearCwore Dwill wear参考答案七、情态动词和虚拟语气命题调研明晰考向真题试做1D考查虚拟语气。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，与过去情况相反时条件句用had done的形式，主句用“情态动词 have done”的形式。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议也就不会那么成功。2A考查情态动词。shouldnt have done sth.意为“本不该做某事(而实际上做了)”，表示与过去事实相反。句意：我本不应该去看那部电影 这会让我做噩梦的。neednt have done sth.意为“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”；couldnt have done sth.意为“不可能做过某事”，是对过去发生的事情的推测；must have done sth.在肯定句中表示“一定发生了某事”，但mustnt have done sth.为错误形式。3B考查虚拟语气。句中的介词短语without you表示了与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，所以谓语应用could have done的形式。创新模拟预测演练1Dmust意为“必须”；should意为“应该”；will意为“愿意”；can可表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”，此处应选D项表示“甚至专家们也有可能犯错误”。2A句意：你为我做的一切我无论怎么感谢都不为过。不用谢。will not “不愿意”must not “禁止”may not “或许不”。cannot.enough表示“再也不为过”。故A项正确。3Dwill意为“愿意”；must意为“必须”；should意为“应该”；may意为“可以，许可”。句意：你或者可以和她一起去，或者也可以待在家里。由你本人决定。4Ccan表示“能够，可能”；will表示“将要，愿意”；must表示“必须”；may表示“可以”。根据句意可知应选C项。5Bshall可用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。此处表示警告。6Bmust表示“必须”；need表示“需要”；can表示“能够，可能”；should表示“应该”。根据句意判断应选need，表示“你不必还我”。7Dmustnt意为“禁止，绝对不可”；neednt意为“不必”；wouldnt意为“不愿意”；shouldnt意为“不应该，想必不会”。第二句句意：你找到住的地方想必不会有什么困难。8CA项意为“本该不及格”；B项意为“本不可能不及格”；C项意为“也许会不及格”；D项意为“本不必不及格”。根据句意判断应选C项，与后半句在逻辑上保持一致。9Ashould have done意为“(过去)本该做某事(而实际上没做)”；shouldnt have done意为“(过去)本不该做某事(而实际上做了)”；must have done意为“(过去)一定是做了某事”；neednt have done意为“(过去)本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。根据语境判断应选A项，表示“我本该先告诉她丈夫的”。10C句意：现在交通繁忙，所以迈克可能会迟到。那让我们再等10分钟吧。此处may表示“(有可能但不肯定)也许，可能”；can表示“能够”；need表示“需要”；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示“警告、命令、威胁”等语气。因此选C项。11D该题的条件状语从句与过去事实相反，所以谓语用had done的形式；主句与现在事实相反，谓语应用would do的形式。12A该题中Without them表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以谓语动词应用would be。13A该题是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中谓语应用过去式、were to do或should do的形式，此处省略了if，were提前构成了倒装。14C第一个人的话用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，第二个人用but转折后说明那时的事实情况，应用一般过去时。15B表示建议、命令、要求的suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request等名词后面接同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句时，从句通常使用虚拟语气，谓语用(should) do的形式。