中考英语复习之动词.ppt

中考语法复习,动 词,动词的考点,一.动词的分类,三.动词的语态,二.动词的时态,四.非谓语动词,一、动词的分类,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,（一）实义动词,_ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 I like the book. 2. _自身意思完整，无需接宾语。 Birds can fly.,及物动词,不及物动词,实义动词主要 考察词义辨析,词义辨析,1) _ 表“习惯做某事”； _表“过去常常做某事” _表“被用来做什么”,be (get) used to doing,used to do,be used to do,Pens _ write. I _getting up early. I _get up early.,are used to,am used to,used to,词义辨析,2) _ +“大地点”； _+“小地点” _+“地点名词” _是及物动词，+“地点名词”,arrive in,arrive at,get to,reach,词义辨析,3) _ 表“借入”； _表“借出” _表“长时间的借”,borrow,lend,keep,词义辨析,4) _ 表“给某人穿衣服”； _表“穿上”，强调动作； _表“穿着，戴着”， 强调状态。,dress sb.,put on,wear,词义辨析,5) _ “看见”，表结果； _ “看”，表动作，不及物； _ “看(比赛，电视)” _ “看(书、报)”，表阅读,see,look (at),watch,read,词义辨析,6) _ “带来，拿来” ； _ “拿去，带走； _ “扛，搬” ，用力移动，无方向 _ “去取，去拿”， 表往返拿物,bring,take,carry,fetch, get,词义辨析,7) _ “死” ，不及物动词； _ “死的”， 形容词，表状态； _ “死” ，名词 _ “垂死的”，形容词,die,dead,death,dying,词义辨析,8) _ “说（语言）” ，“发言”； _ “说（内容）”， 及物； _ “谈论某事” ； _ “谈论某人” _ “告诉”,speak,say,talk about sth.,talk to (with) sb.,tell,词义辨析,9) _ “花钱（时间）” ，人做主语； _ “花钱”， 人做主语； _ “花钱” ，物做主语 _ “花时间”，物做主语,spend,pay,cost,take,词义辨析,10) _ “寻找” ，强调过程； _ “找到”， 强调结果； _ “找出，查明（起因）” _ “听”，强调过程 _“听到”，强调结果,look for,find,find out,listen (to),hear,词义辨析,11) _ the game “赢” _ the game “输”， _ sb. “打败（某人）” _ in the game “失败”,win,lose,beat (defeat),fail,词义辨析,12) _ 表“丢失，失去”； _表“忘记”； _表“把某物落在某处”。,lose,forget,leave,词义辨析,13) _ 表“想到”； _表“考虑”； _表“仔细考虑”。,think of,think about,think over,词义辨析,14) _ 表“加入”； _表“参加（活动）”； _表“出席（会议）”。,join (the party),take part in,attend (a meeting),词义辨析,15) _red _dark _cold _short / long,turn,get / grow,get / become,get,Choose the best answer,1. How much money did you _ on the dictionary? -29 yuan. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. take,Choose the best answer,2. It _ almost 10 years to build Panzhihua Ertan power station, the second largest power station in Asia. A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,3. Would you please _ the TV? I can hardly hear the conversation between the two speakers. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down,Choose the best answer,4. Tom and Jim _ friends since they met each other for the first time five years ago. A. were B. have become C. have made D. have been,Choose the best answer,5. Im afraid the other students will _ me because I cant answer the question. A. laugh at B. hear from C. agree with D. wait for,Choose the best answer,6. Nancy, dont always _ that old jacket. It looks terrible. -But I think its cool, Mom. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off,Choose the best answer,7. No free plastic bags in the supermarket helps to _ white pollution. A. reduce B. remove C. provide D. produce,Choose the best answer,8. I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _ the painters deep love for nature. A. expects B. discusses C. expresses D. imagines,Choose the best answer,9. Oh, Ive left my schoolbag in the classroom. -Dont worry. Ill _ it for you. A. bring B. get C. take D. carry,Choose the best answer,10. What a nice MP3! Is it yours? -Of course. I _ 180 yuan on it. A. cost B. took C. spent D. paid,Choose the best answer,11. Theres too much sunshine. -Yeah. Wed better _ sunglasses. A. put away B. put on C. take off D. take out,Choose the best answer,12. The doctor _ a _ boy yesterday. A. had saved; dying B. saved; dead C. has saved; dead D. saved; dying,（二）系动词,表“状态”：,look, seem, taste, smell, feel, sound, be, keep, stay,2. 表“变化”:,1.系动词+形容词 2.用法辨析,turn, get, grow, fall, become, come, go,Choose the best answer,1. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels,系动词不用于被动语态,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,2. He shook his head _ and looked _ when he was told the bad news. A. sadly; sadly B. sad; sad C. sadly; sad D. sad; sadly,Choose the best answer,Choose the best answer,3. I love to go to the forest in summer. It _ good to walk in the forest or sit in the shade of trees. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes,Choose the best answer,4. -I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend. -_ good. A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds,Choose the best answer,状态变化系动词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,get become,Choose the best answer,1. The discussion_ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came,2. The traffic lights_ green and I pulled away. A. came B. grew C. got D. turned,3. - Is your headache getting _? - No, its worse. A. better B. bad C. less D. well,4. -Would you advise me on how to stay_? -Try to live regularly, eat more vegetables and be in a good state of mind. A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. more healthily,5. The dog looked_. The boy looked _at the poor dog. A. dead; sad B. dying; sadly C. deadly; sadly D. dying; sad,6. The cloth that she bought looks _, feels _ and sells_. A. beautiful; soft; well B. beauty; softly; well C. beautifully; softly; good D. beautiful; soft; good,（三）情态动词,情态动词用法辨析,一. can , could, be able to I. can 1）表“能力” He can speak five languages. 2）表“许可”=may Can (May) I come in ?,3) 表“可能性” Can it be true?,一. can , could, be able to,4) be able to与can 的比较 A) 表示能力时可通用 No one can / is able to do it. B) be able to可用于任何时态。 Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter. C) 表经努力办到某事，用be able to 。 After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.,一. can , could, be able to 2. could 1) could 是can的过去时，可用来较委婉，客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Could you come a little earlier? 2) can 和could 表示某人或某物一时的特点，译为“有可能，有时会”。 He can be very friendly. He could be very proud.,二. may, might 1）表许可，译为“可以”（正式场合） You may take the book home. 2) 表示推测，“或许，可能” 。 It may rain tomorrow. 3) 表示祝愿 May you succeed! 4) might: may 的过去式，但might表可 能性较小，或表更婉转语气。 Jim may (might) lend you money. Might I ask a question?,三. must, have to, need 1. must 的用法： 1） “必须” ，否定表禁止。回答其 问句用neednt或dont have to。 I must leave at 9. - Must we hand it in today? - Yes, you must. No, you neednt / dont have to.,三. must, have to, need 1. must 的用法： 2) must 还可表示一种推断和揣测。must +do对现在事实的猜测;must +have done 对过去事实的猜测. You must be joking. I cant find my key. I must have left it in the bus.,三. must, have to, need 2. must与 have to的比较： A) have to-客观情况；must-主观看法。 I must learn another foreign language. You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here. B) have to用于不同时态，must不行. We will have to buy another TV set.,三. must, have to, need 3. need 的用法： 1）作情态动词用时，用于疑问或否定句。回答need问句时，肯定用must,否定用neednt / dont have to. You need not do anything here. - Need I go so soon? - Yes, you must. No, you neednt. / dont have to.,三. must, have to, need 3. need 的用法： 2)need用做行为动词时的用法： I need to buy a new dictionary. My bike needs repairing / needs to be repaired .,四. will 和 would 的用法： 1. 表示“意愿” She wont lend me the money. 2. 表“邀请”或“请求” Will you give me a piece of paper? 3. would比will语气更温婉。 Would like something to eat?,五. shall, should的用法 A) shall的用法 用于第一人称， 表示征求意见。 Shall I turn on the light? B) should的用法 表示劝告，建议。 You should study the article carefully. 2. 表示推测，译为 “可能，应该，该”。 He should arrive at noon.,Choose the best answer,1. Where is our head teacher, Mr. Li? -He _ be in the office. I saw him there just one or two minutes ago. A. can B. may C. might D. must,Choose the best answer,2. Shall I tell him the news after class? -You _. Ive told him already. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt,Choose the best answer,3. Mrs. Wang, Lingling came to see you just now. -It _ be Lingling. Shes gone to Hong Kong. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt,Choose the best answer,4. Anna hasnt come to school today. I think she _ be ill. A. can B. has to C. may D. should,Choose the best answer,5. Is Mr. Smith swimming in the pool, Harry? -It _ be him. I saw him go to the library just now. A. may not B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt,Choose the best answer,6. Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. -Sorry. I _. Im busy. A. can; mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will,Choose the best answer,7. Tony _ go to the opera on Saturday because hes going to have a meeting. A. cant B. might C. mustnt D. should,Choose the best answer,8. Be polite. You _ talk to the old like that. A. couldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wouldnt,Choose the best answer,9. Look! It _ be the new woman manager. -It _ be her. She has just left for Shanghai. A. can; mustnt B. must; cant C. must; mustnt D. cant; must,Choose the best answer,10. I hit a tree on the way to meet my friend at the railway station. -Im sure you _ have been driving too fast. A. need B. should C. will D. must,Choose the best answer,11. Mum, _ I go out to play? -Yes, you can. But you must finish your homework first. A. must B. may C. will D. need,Choose the best answer,12. Schools _ allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. should D. could,Choose the best answer,13. Ben, dont drive too fast. You _ hit others car. A. may B. must C. have to D. need,Choose the best answer,14. I was told to be here before eight. -Oh, you _. Im sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A. must B. cant C. may D. neednt,Choose the best answer,15. Never touch my computer while Im away. -I _. A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. wont D. dont,Choose the best answer,16. I dont mind telling you what I know. -You _. Im not asking you for it. A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. cant,Choose the best answer,1 17. Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi. -Its not far. We _ take a taxi. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. couldnt,二、动词时态,一般现在时,主+ V 原 / V-(e)s,1.经常性或习惯性的动作 时间标志：,every ; always; often; sometimes; at ; never on Sundays; once a week usually;,2. 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实,主将从现,第三人称单数的构成,规则变化,-s,s,s,-es,es,es,es,es,es,变y 为i 再加 -es,ies,ies,肯定: 否定: 疑问:,她经常在回家前完成作业.,She often finishes her homework before she goes home,She doesnt finish her homework before she goes home,Does she often finish her homework before she goes home?,谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助动词do或does,原来的行为动词要用原形.,1. A: How often_ she exercise? B: Twice a week. A. do B. does C. doing 2. I _ like to drink milk. A. not B. doesnt C. dont 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study better. A. help B. helps C. helping 4. I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news. A. will get B. gets C. get,5. He always_ school early and_ home late. A.go to; comes back to B.goes to; come back C.goes to; comes back 6. _she_ eating mooncakes? A. Is; like B.Do; like C.Does; like 7. “Does Wang Li_ English well?” A. speak B.speaks C.say,一般过去时,主+ V-ed,tried our best,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,时间标志：,yesterday; the day before yesterday; last ； ago 等表示过去时间的词语,动词过去式的构成,规则变化,不规则变化见BOOK 3,ed,d,变y 为i 再加 ed,双写尾词加 ed,ed,ed,d,d,ped,ped,肯定: 否定: 疑问:,Tom 刚才打了电话给她.,Tom rang her just now.,Tom didnt ring her just now.,Did Tom ring her just now?,谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助动词did,原来的行为动词要用原形.,1. It was too dark. So he _ the lights and began to read books. A. turned off B. turns on C. turned on 2. The children _ at their uncles last night. A. are B. were C. was 3. I am sorry that you have missed the train. It _ ten minutes ago. A. left B. leaves C. will leave,4. These farmers have been to the United States. Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go 5. Jim is not coming tonight. But he _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise,一般将来时,主 + is / am / are going to + V 原,主 + will + V 原,1.表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.,2.时间、条件状语从句的主句部分（主将从现）,1. Do you know when the World Cup _ next week? Next Friday. When it _ , Ill ring you. A. begins; begins B. begins; will begin C. will begin; begins 2. Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. Really? Where _ he _? A. does; go B. will; go C. did; go 3. Shall we go to the Sand Lake tomorrow? Yes. Well go unless it _ heavily. A. will rain B. rained C. rains,主 + was / were going to + V 原,过去将来时,would see him off,would have,were going to have,主 + would + V 原,常用在宾语从句中,1. He told me that he _ to see us the next day. A. comes B. would come C. will come 2. The teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. will be 3. -The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet. -Well, he said he _here on time. A came B would come C will be,现在进行时,主+ is / am / are +V-ing,are getting ready for,表示说话者说话时正在发生的动作,表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作. (说话时动作不一定正在进行),现在分词的构成,- ing,ing,ing,去掉e - ing,先双写最后一个辅音字母- ing,ting,ing,ing,1. Where is James ? He _ with his brother. A. runs B. will run C. is running 2. Who _ in the next room ? Mary is. A. is singing B. is sing C. sings 3. Jimmy _ for a holiday tomorrow. A. is leaving B. leaves C. left 4. Look at the children over thereWhat _ ？ A is he doing Bare they doing Cthey are doing,5. Look! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _. A. playing, dance B. playing, dancing C. play, dancing 6. Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes C. writes, is writing 7. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. A. go. go B. am going, go C. go. am going,过去进行时,was doing,主+ was / were +V-ing,表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.,1. The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. see, was picking B. saw, picked C. saw, was picking 2. I don t think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared 3. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working,4. -Hey, watch the flowers! -Oh, I m terribly sorry. _. A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticing C. I don t notice 5. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. was to travel 6. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. was having C. have been having,现在完成时,主+ have / has +PP,has lived in,1. I _ Enghish in this school since 1999. A.taught B.have taught C. would teach 2. Lilei _ the pen for five years A.has had B.boughtC have bought 3. He _ finished his homework yet A.doesnt B.havent C.hasnt 4. Peter lost his bike yesterday. _ he _ it yet? A. Has; looked for B. Does; find C. Has; found,5. Who is he? I _ before. A. havent heard of B. didnt hear of C. havent heard from 6. Have you ever been to Guangzhou? No, Ive _ been there. A.never B. ever C. already 7. We havent finished our homework_. A.already B.ever C.yet 8. Have you_learned English? Yes, Ive _ learned a lot. A. already; ever B.ever; neve C.ever; already,9. I _ him these days. A. havent hear from B. didnt hear of C. havent heard from 10. I have _ 5,000 words so far. A.learnt B. learn C. learning 11. The old man _ China several times in the past 10 years. A.has been to B.wen to C.goes to,just 刚刚 already 已经 before 之前 ever 曾经 never 从来没有 so far 到目前为止 yet 还（没有）否定句 these days 这些天 in the past years / months 在过去的年/ 月里,for 时段 since 时点,现在完成时的标志词,for + 时段 since + 时段 + ago since + 时点 Its / It has been + 时段 + since + 一般过去时句子,1. Its ten years since she . A.has left B.has been away C.left 2. I have been here _ 4 years. A. since B. for C. from 3. We have learnt English _ six years ago. A. since B. for C. from,4. _ has been 5 years since we came here. A. There B. It C. That 5. Its three years since he the army . A.has joined B.has been in C.joined 6. How many years is it _ you graduated from junior high school? A. since B. for C. from,短暂性动词和延续性动词,不 与 时 间 段 连 用,可 与 时 间 段 连 用,be (in) here / there,be a member of,be dead,be on,have,be away,keep,be over,be open (adj.),be closed,be married,1. How long can I _ this book? Two weeks A.borrow B.keep C.lend 2. Her father_in 1990 and her husband_for more than five years. A. has died, has died B. has died, dead C. died, has been dead 3. I have_ this nice watch for two years. A. had B. bought C.borrowed 4. He_his home for ten years. A. has left B. was away from C.has been away from,5. He_a League member for three years. A. is B. has been C.has became 6. Lihuas brother has_for two years. A. joined the army B. been in the army C. became a soldier 7. He hasnt_from Guangzhou ever since he left school A.left B.been away C.been left 8. Betty _ here for two hours. She _ here at 8:00 this morning. A. has been; came B. has been; has come C. was; came,8. The film _ for five minutes. A. began B. has been on C. has begun 6. You are too late. The shop _ for many hours. A. closed B. has been closed C. has closed 7. Mary _ Tom in 2000. They _ for 8 years. A.married; have been married B.married; have married C.marries; have been married,短语辨析,He has been to Shanghai three times.,He has been in Shanghai for ten years.,He has gone to Shanghai and havent come back yet.,在某地（多长时间） 现在仍在那里。 常与时段连用。,曾去过某地（次） 现在已不在那里。 可与just, ever, never等连用，,去了 还没有回来,1. May I speak to Ken? Sorry, he is out. He _ see his teacher, A. goes to B. has been to C.has gone to 2. Our teacher _ here since 2004. A. has been in B. has been to C. has been 3. Have you ever _ Huang shan? Yes, Ive been there twice. A. been to B. been in C.gone to 4. Wheres Daming? He _ the teachers office. A. has been to B. have gone to C. has gone to,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,lost,have lost,表示动作发生的时间在过去 没有说明现在的情况,表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去,或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,1. I have seen the film “Titanic”already. When _ you _ it？ The day before yesterday. A. have；seen B. will；see C. did；see 2. Mr Black _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives 3. We _ trees last Sunday. So far we _ over 3,000 trees there. A. planted；planted B. planted；have planted C. have planted； planted,过去完成时,主+ had +PP,had started,had learnt,by the end of,1IlostthebookI Ahavebought Bhadbought Chadbeen bought 2. ThebushadgonewhenI_thebusstop Ahavearrived Barrived Chadarrived 3Tomofvisitinghisgrandmother，butthebadweathermadehimchangehis mind Ahasthought Bthought Chadthought,4DidyoumeetTomattheairport？ No，hebythetimeIthere Ahasleft；got Bhadleft；arrived Cleft；arrived 5ItocometohelpyouButyoudidnt come Ahavemeant Bhadmeant Cmeant 6FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijing University forwhichshefivetimes Ahadtried Bwastrying Chastried,时态总结,三、动词的语态,be + 动词的过去分词,动作谁做的不知道； The watch is made in China. 2. 说出谁做的没必要； More trees must be planted. 3. 动作承受者很重要。 Chinese is spoken by many people.,主动语态和被动语态的转换,We asked him to sing a song. He was asked to sing a song (by us). 2. She gave me a book. I was given a book (by her). A book was given to me (by her).,考点一,主动语态和被动语态的转换,4. He makes the girl stay at home. The girl is made to stay at home by him. （省略的to要还原）,3. We should speak to old men politely. Old man should be spoken to politely. （介词不可省略）,考点二,考点三,不使用被动语态的情况,系动词用主动结构表被动意义。 Moon cakes taste deli