江西省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题二 完形填空

2013年高考第二轮复习英语江西版题型技法指导专题二完形填空真题试做(2012江西高考)That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school.Usually，on holidays，Mother _36_ me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning，_37_，I felt like getting up early.I stood by my window overlooking the _38_，having nothing better to do.But as it turned out，I was soon to learn about something _39_ in life.As I watched several people go by，get into their cars and drive off，I _40_ an old man on a bicycle with a bucket on its _41_ and a basket of rags and bottles on its backcarriage.He _42_ from one car to another，washing and cleaning them.From the water on the ground，it seemed that he had already _43_washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.He must have begun to work quite early in the morning.Several thoughts _44_ my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) _45_ Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern_46_ would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed _47_ with life.There he was，working hard at his small business，_48_ at passersby and stopping to chat now and then _49_ elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.There was a noticeable touch of _50_ in the way he seemed to be doing things_51_ the windscreen(挡风玻璃)，then standing back to admire it；scrubbing(擦净)the wheels and _52_，standing back to see what they looked like after the scrub.It was a _53_ to learn，I felt.At no age need one have to beg for a _54_ if one has good health and is willing to work hard.For a while I felt _55_ of myself.Young as I amjust sixteen，and there was this old man who must have been usefully engaged perhaps before the sun appeared above the horizon.36A.forcesBallowsCcauses Dforbids37A.otherwise BthereforeChowever Dbesides38A.parking lot Bbus stopCschool Dmarket39A.interesting BsurprisingCawful Duseful40A.noticed BrecognizedCcalled Dassisted41A.back BhandleCwheel Dseat42A.searched BleftCmoved Dwandered43A.stopped BstartedCintended Dfinished44A.crossed BslippedCdisturbed Dinspired45A.attractive BshinyCsimple Dexpensive46A.repairmen BbusinessmenCdrivers Dcyclists47A.busy BcontentCcareful Dbored48A.waving BlookingClaughing Dpointing49A.about BforCwith Dlike50A.worry BrespectCsympathy Dpride51A.cleaning BfixingCreplacing Dcovering52A.still ByetCagain Dsoon53A.lesson BsubjectCskill Dfact54A.business BlivingCsuccess Dright55A.tired BdoubtfulCfearful Dashamed考向分析纵观近几年高考江西卷英语完形填空题，该题均侧重考查考生对“语义、语境、语篇”的深层次理解及语言运用能力(词语运用、词义辨析和短语搭配等)。具体特点如下：1选材以记叙文为主，内容兼有教育性和启迪性。从体裁上看，完形填空题以记叙为主，议论为辅，结构完整，用词准确，篇章条理清晰，叙事通畅明了。从题材上看，完形填空力图选取一篇有教育意义和现实意义的文章，主题明确，逻辑性强，语言地道生动，内容新颖、时尚，内容通常涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、社会热点、政治、经济、人物传记等。2首句一般不设空，全文保持一定的挖空密度。完形填空的第一句一般都是完整的句子，记叙文的第一句通常把短文中故事发生的时间、地点、人物和事件等交代清楚，作为考生在解题时理解并掌握全文大意的基础。很多时候议论文和说明文的第一句是文章的主题句，抓住主题句便抓住了文章的主旨。空格在短文中均衡分布。相邻空格之间间隔适当，避免了提示信息过多或过少的情况。3以语篇考查为主，单纯语法考查很少。完形填空题以语篇为载体，立足于考生对全文的理解。试题注重考查考生结合词汇、语法、语篇知识、生活常识、文化背景知识等进行逻辑推理和综合判断的能力，而非简单考查其词汇使用和单句语法及意义方面的知识。在干扰项的设计上，充分考虑了测试的信度与效度，避免了干扰项与正确项相似度过低或过高而引起的干扰性过弱或过强的情况。单纯考查语法结构的题目数量很少，重在文意干扰，每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。如果是动词，则都是动词，且都用同样的时态或语态；如果是名词，则都是名词，且都用同样的单复数形式；如果是副词，则都是副词；如果是短语，则都是同类的短语。如果孤立地看挖空的句子，可能每个选项都能满足句子的需要，无论将哪个选项填进去，从语法上讲都是正确的，但是要确定正确答案，只能根据全文的内容和情节发展作出判断。如：44A.crossed BslippedCdisturbed Dinspired45A.attractive BshinyCsimple Dexpensive46A.repairmen BbusinessmenCdrivers Dcyclists47A.busy BcontentCcareful Dbored48A.waving BlookingClaughing Dpointing49A.about BforCwith Dlike4考点分布合理。以考查单词为主，短语或词组为辅；以考查实词为主，虚词为辅。完形填空备选项的构成以单个词为主，短语或词组较少出现。选项词汇主要是实词，虚词较少出现。近5年江西卷考查的词汇主要是动词和名词，其次是形容词和副词；对连词、介词等虚词的考查知识偶尔出现。这样的设置既要求考生具有很好的词感，能熟练运用所学过的常见词汇，还要求他们具有较强的语感，具有对语篇进行整体处理的能力。做到“上下求索寻信息，左顾右盼找答案，瞻前顾后想全文”，同时结合考生个人积累的各方面的知识正确解读全文。答题步骤做完形填空试题，切忌边看短文，边选答案，因为这样解题易脱离上下文孤立地看句子，从而产生错误。一般来说，解答完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤。1略读全文，把握大意。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。通读全文，才能全局在胸、弄清文脉、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，获得整体印象，把握短文大意，使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，并尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串连起来。2细读全文，初选试填。在理解全文大意的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则，联系上下文内容，运用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识及根据文中语义、逻辑和搭配的需要进行综合考虑，通过分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。在作出选择的过程中，要瞻前顾后，通篇考虑，先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先进行确定。对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后分析推敲。3复读全文，校核答案。完成选择后，要把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。完成后的文章应该文意完整、语法正确、语言通顺、用词恰当、逻辑合理、符合习惯表达法。如发现错误或有疑问的答案，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。 技法指导1依据文章首句，判断主旨大意。依据文章首句所给的线索可以看出文章的体裁，判断主旨大意，掌握作者的写作思路及其对某人或某事物的感情色彩。只有掌握了主旨大意，理清了文章结构，了解了各部分之间的关系，才能加深对文章的整体理解。换句话说，考生应对全文有一个清晰的概念，明白文章的各部分都是为了表达同一个主题，这样在略读时就更容易把握含空格的句子的真正含义，答题时就会显得轻而易举了。如：(2012山东高考)Whenever we hear about “the homeless，” most of us think of the Developing World.剖析：阅读文章首句可知，这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述的话题与“无家可归者”有关。2根据文章大意，把握上下文的关系。做完形填空题不能离开上下文。很多题仅从语法角度来说，可能有两三个正确答案，但是结合上下文，情况就不一样了。上下文是形成语境的基础，任何语言结构、语法关系、词语搭配都不能无视上下文的联系。做题时，要学会瞻前顾后，要做到词不离句、句不离段、段不离文。有时我们会发现，上文的答案在下文有提示，而下文的答案在上文中也有信息。如：Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years making _38_ for the homeless of Berlin，Germanys capital.38A.preparationsBhousesCmeals Dsuggestions 剖析：C仅从第38个空所在句子来理解，马勒夫妇为无家可归者“建造房屋”似乎更合适，表达为“做准备”或“提建议”也未尝不可，但是根据第二段最后一句中的made sandwiches和gave food to the homeless可知，他们是为无家可归的人提供膳食。3根据文章语境，进行词义辨析。完形填空的命题特点之一就是利用词汇辨析知识命题，而且占了整篇文章题目的绝大部分。首先要准确把握词汇的意思和用法以及不同语境中的变化，仔细辨析相似、相近词语的词义，特别注意词语的固定搭配以及词汇的引申意义。如：For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a _37_ country like Germany?37A.traditional BdevelopingCtypical Dwealthy剖析：Dtraditional意为“传统的”；developing意为“发展中的”；typical意为“典型的，有代表性的”；wealthy意为“富裕的”。此处通过实例来说明上一句的观点，结合后面的like Germany判断应选D项表示“一个富裕的国家”。Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches，_41_ a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.41A.brought up Bset upCput aside Dgave away剖析：Bbring up意为“提出，养育”； set up意为“建立，安装；临时搭起”；put aside意为“把放在一边，储存备用”；give away意为“捐赠，泄露”。根据前后句的语境判断应选B项，表示“他们在街上安放桌子”。4体会文章的色彩，注意语言的和谐。作者对完形填空文章赋予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩，这种语气和色彩是和谐一致的，而且贯穿全文的。做题时要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性，理解文章的深层含义。如：The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing werent _42_.“What these people also need is warmth and _43_，” says Rita.The Mullers didnt _44_ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.42A.enough BnecessaryChelpful Dexpensive 剖析：A根据下句also need判断应选A项，表示马勒夫妇很快意识到仅仅提供衣物是不“够”的。43A.fame BfreedomCcourage Dcaring 剖析：D无家可归者不仅需要食物，也需要温暖和“关心”。44A.hesitate BagreeCpretend Dintend剖析：A从全文看出，马勒夫妇竭尽全力帮助无家可归者，所以选A项，表示“毫不犹豫地做某事”。 5把握文章脉络，进行推理判断。在完形填空题中常常要对文章的情节、作者的态度等进行推理判断。因此首先要抓住文章的脉络，弄清楚文章的结构及上下文的逻辑关系。只有这样，才能加深对文章深层意义的理解，从而更好地完成“完形”的任务，恢复文章的原貌。如：Kurt and Rita receive no _52_ for their hard work.“We feel like parents，” says Rita，“and parents shouldnt _53_ money for helping their children.52A.permission BpaymentCdirection Dsupport剖析：B全文讲述了马勒夫妇为无家可归者所做的无私奉献，所以应选B项，表示“他们的努力工作没有任何报酬”。53A.borrow BraiseCsave Dexpect 剖析：D父母帮助孩子是不期望得到报酬的，所以expect 符合文意。误区警示1文章大意易错点Though Rita admits she often gets tired，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a _55_ in the world.55A.profit BdifferenceCdecision Drule【错混透析】 B文章的主题是在颂扬马勒夫妇的善举，他们对无家可归者提供无私帮助，并且不计回报，所以应选B项表示他们的行为改变了世界，也使他们的生活变得更有意义。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生易忽视文章大意。应该在把握文章大意的基础上，对文章进行总体了解，避免做了后面的题目后才发现和前面的内容冲突或矛盾。2情感态度易错点Rita _45_ there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always _46_ to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street.45A.made sense Bfound outCmade sure Dworked out 【错混透析】C为了能给无家可归者随时提供帮助，马勒夫妇把电话号码给他们，当然需要电话能随时接通，所以应选C项表示“确保”。46A.open BcrowdedCnoisy Dnear【错混透析】A为了体现马勒夫妇的真诚，他们家总是为那些无家可归者敞开着。故本题选A项。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生往往忽略作者的情感态度，错误地理解文章意思。要善于透过文章的表层含义，剖析作者的内心世界，带着作者真实的情感态度去做题。3上下文关系易错点The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer _51_ new shoes.51A.donates BproducesCdesigns Dcollects 【错混透析】A上文讲述了30多家公司定期地为慈善事业捐赠食物和其他物品，所以此处也应选表示“捐赠”之意的A项。【解题指导】做这类题时，考生往往只拘泥于个别词句的意思，忽视整篇文章的语境和上下文的联系，从而造成失误。在选择答案时不要只注意选项所在的短语、句子或段落，要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。4逻辑关系易错点Whenever we hear about “the homeless，” most of us think of the Developing World.But the _36_ is that homelessness is everywhere.36A.result BtruthCreason Didea【错混透析】B文章第一句讲到了大多数人的想法，“But”转折后肯定要表达不同的观点，所以选B项，说明事实情况并非大多数人想象的那样。【解题指导】做这类题时，要合理理解文章的内容，正确地把握逻辑关系。逻辑关系主要涉及原因、时间、条件、转折等方面。只要我们弄明白文中关键词以及逻辑关系，就能确定比较明确的、直接的答案。5基本常识易错点They first began one long hot summer when most Germans were _40_ on holiday.40A.asleep BaloneCacross Daway【错混透析】D“度假”当然要“外出”，这是常理，所以选D项。Today，over thirty companies regularly donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to _50_ them to the homeless.50A.advertise BsellCdeliver Dlend 【错混透析】C既然是帮助无家可归者，那么志愿者对这些物品“做广告”、“出售”或“借出去”显然不合常理，所以应选deliver，表示“运送，送给”。【解题指导】做这类题时，我们应该在了解短文主要意思的基础上结合基本常识进行解题。平时学习中，应当注意知识的积累，加强不同学科间的知识融合。多阅读，多体会，注意中西文化的差异，掌握一名合格的中学生应具备的基本常识。1(2012江西丰、樟、高、宜四市联考)Some years ago when I was in my first year at college，I heard Salome Bey sing for the first time.The moment was exciting.Salomes _1_ filled the room and brought the theater to life.I was so _2_ that I decided to write an article about her.I _3_ Salome Bey，telling her I was from Essence magazine，and that I wanted to meet her to talk about her career.She _4_ and told me to come to her studio the next Tuesday.When I hung up，I was scared out of my mind.I _5_ I was lying.I was not a writer at all and hadnt even written a grocery list.I interviewed Salome Bey the next Tuesday.I sat there _6_，taking notes and asking questions that all began with，“Can you tell me.” I soon realized that _7_ Salome Bey was one thing，but writing a story for a national magazine was just impossible.The _8_ was almost unbearable.I struggled for days _9_ draft after draft.Finally I put my manuscript(手稿) into a large envelope and dropped it into a mailbox.It didnt take long.My manuscript _10_.How stupid of me！I thought.How could I _11_ in a world of professional writers？Knowing I couldnt _12_ the rejection letter，I threw the unopened envelope into a drawer.Five years later，I was moving to California.While _13_ my apartment，I came across the unopened envelope.This time I opened it and read the editors letter in _14_：Ms Profit，Your story on Salome Bey is fantastic.Yet we need some _15_ materials.Please add those and return the article immediately.We would like to _16_ your story soon.Shocked，it took me a long time to _17_.Fear of rejection cost me greatly.I lost at least five hundred dollars and the chance of having my article appear in a major magazine.More importantly，I lost years of _18_ writing.Today，I have become a fulltime writer.Looking back on this _19_，I learned a very important lesson：You cant _20_ to doubt yourself.1A.joy BvoiceCspeech Dsmile2A.proud BactiveCsatisfied Dmoved3A.visited BemailedCphoned Dinterviewed4A.agreed BrefusedChesitated Dpaused5A.replied BdiscoveredCexplained Dknew6A.seriously BpatientlyCnervously Dquietly7A.blaming BfoolingCinviting Durging8A.hardship BfailureCcomment Dpressure9A.with BbyCon Din10A.disappeared BreturnedCspread Dimproved11A.compare BstruggleCsurvive Dcompete12A.ignore BdeliverCface Dreceive13A.decorating BrepairingCcleaning Dleaving14A.disbelief BanxietyChorror Dtrouble15A.subjective BrelevantCprivate Dreliable16A.broadcast BcreateCpublish Dassess17A.recover BprepareCescape Dconcentrate18A.energetic BendlessCtypical Denjoyable19A.experience BsuccessCbenefit Daccident20A.attempt BaffordCexpect Dpretend2Many children may be fond of animals，but few ever think of making the study of animals their career.Even fewer will be _1_ by the whole world，_2_ the title of United Nations Messenger(使者)of Peace._3_ one woman has achieved all that.She has lived with chimpanzees(黑猩猩)in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great _4_.This woman is Jane Goodall.She was born in London，England，in 1934.Goodalls lifelong _5_ in animals began at an early age.By the age of 10 or 11，Goodall _6_ going to Africa to live with animals.This was quite a strange dream in those days，as young _7_ didnt think of having such “wild” actions.But she was _8_ by her mother.She told her that if she really wanted something，she should work hard，take advantage of _9_ and never give up looking for a way.When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957，she readily _10_.Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家)Dr.Louis Leakey，who soon decided that Goodall was the _11_ person he was looking for to begin a _12_ of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.In July 1960，Goodall arrived at Combe National Park in Tanzania.At the beginning，studying the chimpanzees was not _13_ for her.The animals fled from her _14_，so it took months for her to get close to them.With a strong _15_，she searched the forest every day，trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too _16_.Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence.She discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first years at Combe National Park.In October 1960，she observed a chimpanzee making and using _17_ to fish for termites(白蚁)This discovery threw _18_ on the popular idea at the time that Man was the worlds only toolmaker.The longer Goodalls research continues，the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very _19_ to humans.Since the mid1980s Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise peoples sense about environmental _20_.“Lets live in the new age with hope，respect for all living things，understanding and love，” she said.1A.recognized BknownCpraised Dadmitted 2A.receiving BgivingCenjoying Dhaving 3A.So BActuallyCBut DFinally 4A.discoveries BdecisionsCchoices Dfindings 5A.study BinterestCsense Ddream 6A.was fond of Bwas tired ofCinsisted on Ddreamed of7A.boys BgirlsCmen Dwomen 8A.encouraged BpreventedCadvised Dforced9A.knowledge ByouthChope Dchances 10A.accepted BrefusedChesitated Dconsidered 11A.only BlastCspecial Dfirst 12A.project BstudyCcenter Dcareer 13A.hard BinterestingCeasy Dconvenient 14A.in surprise Bin a hurryCas expected Din fear15A.will BbodyCdesire Dmind 16A.far BnearCsoon Dmuch 17A.nets BtoolsCholes Dsticks 18A.doubt BlightCquestions Dbeliefs 19A.close BsimilarCfriendly Dhelpful20A.improvement BprotectionCpollution Ddestruction 3(2012江西重点中学协作体第二次联考)An old gentleman had been hired by a young town councilman.He cleared away the sand from the pools of water up in the mountain that _1_ the spring flowing through their town.With faithful，silent regularity，he inspected the hills，_2_ the leaves and branches，and cleared away the sand that would otherwise have choked and dirtied the fresh flow of water.The village soon became a popular place for vacationers.Graceful swans(天鹅) _3_ along the clear spring，the mill wheels turned day and night，and the _4_ from restaurants was attractive _5_ description.Years passed.One evening the town council held its _6_.As they reviewed the _7_，one mans eye _8_ the salary figure being paid to the keeper of the spring.The keeper of the purse said，“Who is this old man？_9_ do we keep him on year after year？For all know，the strange range of the hills is not doing anything.He isnt _10_ any longer.”So they decided to get rid of the old mans _11_.In early _12_，the leaves on the trees began to fall.Small branches fell into the pools，_13_ up the rushing flow of sparking water.A few days later，the water _14_ yellowish brown.Within another week，a bad smell was _15_.The mill wheels moved more slowly.The swans left，so did the _16_.Immediately，the _17_council called an urgent meeting._18_ their error in judgment，they _19_ the old keeper of the spring，and within a few weeks，the spring began to clear up.The wheels started to turn，and _20_ returned to the town.1A.forced BfedCmade Doffered2A.removed BbrokeCshook Dreducing3A.floated BenjoyedCattracted Dsupported4A.appearance BsightCview Dimage5A.beyond BuponCunder Dbehind6A.discussion BdebateCmeeting Dbanquet7A.result BconceptCsurvey Dbudget8A.caught BglaredCglanced Dstared9A.How BWhyCWhere DWhen10A.important BimpossibleCnecessary Ddifficult11A.services BschedulesCadvantages Dopinions12A.spring BsummerCautumn Dwinter13A.getting BchokingCtaking Dbringing14A.happened BsoundedCturned Dtasted15A.spread BappearedCappreciated Ddetected16A.officials BgentlemenCtourists Dcouncilmen17A.excited BfrightenedCembarrassed Ddisappointed18A.Recognizing BRealizingCPreventing DControlling19A.rehired BremindedCdismissed Ddiscovered20A.colour BenvironmentCwater Dlife4Like most people，I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting.It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important _1_：givingaway makes life so much more exciting.You need not worry if you _2_ money.This is how I _3_ with givingaway.If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store _4_ to me，I stepped in and made the suggestion to the _5_.If an accident took place，the _6_ of which I think the local police could use，I _7_ him up and told him about it，though I was not in _8_ here.One discovery I made about this world is to give _9_ getting something back，though the _10_ often comes in an unexpected form.One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important _11_ letter to my home，though it was _12_ to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of _13_.More than a year later I needed a postoffice box for a new business I was _14_.I was told at the window that there were _15_ boxes left，and that my name would have to go on a long _16_ list.As I was about to _17_，the postmaster appeared in the _18_.“Wasnt it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home？” I said it was.“Well，you certainly are going to have a box in this post office _19_ we make one for you.You dont know what a letter like that means to us.We usually get _20_ but complaints (投诉)”1A.decision BresearchCspeech Ddiscovery2A.earn BlackCspend Dsteal3A.experienced BconnectedC