江西省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题五 书面表达

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2013年高考第二轮复习英语江西版题型技法指导专题五 书面表达真题试做(2012江西高考)某英文报社举办以“I Like Reading”为主题的征文活动,你打算投稿。请根据以下要点写一篇短文:1你为什么喜欢读书;2你喜欢读哪一类的书(例如:历史、科学、文学等)?请给出至少两个理由。注意:词数120左右。_考向分析通过近5年江西高考书面表达题,我们可以看出:1提示形式固定。近几年的书面表达都是以“文字提纲”的方式呈现,要点明确,任务具体,结构清晰。文字提示已成为山东高考书面表达的主要命题形式。2体裁注重应用。近几年书面表达的体裁都是应用文,应用文是人们日常生活中广泛使用的文体,它最突出的特点是它的实际应用性。应用文包括很广,如书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、请柬、电报、合同、稿件等。应用文重在实用,语言规范,表达力求朴实、准确、简洁。3话题贴近学生生活。近几年的书面表达都秉承了“让学生有话说”的原则。内容来自于学生的实际生活或是学生关心的话题,贴近生活、贴近学生、贴近时代,题目设置的情景真实可信,符合学生的年龄特点,话题易于拓展,让每个学生都有话说,易于动笔。4内容体现新课程理念。书面表达的内容很好地体现了新课程标准的基本理念。随着新课程标准的实施,特别是在大力推行素质教育的大环境下,高中生的学习生活有了很大的变化,自主学习、合作探究成了一种潮流,同学们自己组织的各种社团、俱乐部在其学习生活中发挥了越来越大的作用。2012年以“I Like Reading”为题,让学生总结喜欢读书的原因和所喜欢书的分类。答题步骤一、认真审题,理清思路。审题是写作的关键所在,只有仔细审题才能深刻理解题目所要表达的主要意思。不论是汉语提示写作还是看图写作,动笔前要仔细阅读试题,明确写作内容,如背景、人物、时间、体裁等要求。审题一定要慢,思路理清后,答题则要快,在有限的时间内完成写作任务。二、编拟提纲,提炼要点。在明确了题目所要表达的主要意思后,便可针对题目特点,根据主要内容列出提纲,将要求的内容分解,提炼出要点,把主要内容所涉及的重点单词、短语或句型写出来,以备正式书写用。理清要点的目的就是为了把握短文的脉络,既可保证不遗漏所要表达的信息,又可使表达的内容条理清晰。三、扩点成句,就易避难。在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的前提下,避开偏、难、怪词,选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将要点逐句表达出来。完成这个步骤要注意:1书面表达重在达意,切忌直译,尤其不可逐句罗列了事。2灵活表达,如果遇到一时想不起的词语或句型,不要轻易放弃,要学会变通,可实现“曲线救国”。3尽可能多地运用较高级的词汇和较复杂的语言结构,如并列句、复合句、倒装句、强调句、分词结构、固定句型、经典引言等,努力克服母语的逆向干扰,力求使用地道的英语,争取文章中能出现两三个“亮点”。4选择正确的人称、时态、语态等进行表达。5如果是记叙文,还要写明时间、地点和人物等。四、连句成篇,行文连贯。连句成篇要有整体的思路,行文逻辑不可混乱。要按照篇章结构和行文逻辑,选择能恰当表示并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等意义的关联词语把所有要点句子连接成文,使句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯、衔接自然、行文流畅,生动、准确地表达考题内容。五、仔细核对,查漏补缺。扩写成文后,要认真阅读扩写后的文章,检查是否有错误。检查时,着重看短文是否扣住了提示或图画的内容,要点是否有遗漏。同时,还要注意有无语法错误,如时态、人称等,是否符合文体特点、格式等;语句是否有毛病,行文是否连贯,拼写是否正确,词数是否符合要求等。六、规范书写,整洁上卷。书面表达是主观性题目,且分值较高,评分虽有严格的标准和档次,但也有弹性。经过检查和修改后,要认真誊写,力求书写规范、字迹清晰、卷面整洁。倘若书写马虎潦草或涂改乱擦,就会影响卷面整洁,给阅卷者留下不好印象,得不到所写材料的应得分。技法指导一、仔细审题,吃透要求。审题是非常重要的一个环节,包括审要求、审文体、审人称、审时态等。1审要求。要特别注意高考书面表达题中的“注意”一项,因为这是命题人对考生提出的具体要求。对于试题提供的提纲、图画或图表,考生要进行认真分析,反复推敲,抓住要表达的信息点,特别是时间、地点、人物姓名等不能随意更改,否则会被扣分,甚至会被以泄露机密论处。2.审文体。根据考纲要求,文体形式有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。试题要求写的是何种文体,必须弄清楚,因为文体不同,书写的格式和语言特征都不同。3审人称。书面表达中的人称关系非常重要,要按要求用第一人称或者用第二、三人称来写,用合适的身份、口气或语气来表达。4审时态。根据要求来确定文章应该主要采用什么时态。如果是日记,时态应以过去时为主;如果是书信,时态应以一般现在时为主;如果是说明文,也是以一般现在时为主。二、要点齐全,滴水不漏。一篇高分或者满分书面表达必须要点齐全,遗漏要点要扣分,因为评分标准最高档的要求就有“覆盖所有知识要点”。要想做到要点齐全,在动手写作之前,必须先把试题中所有要点以提纲式列出来,然后把它们组成句子,再根据逻辑关系重新排列顺序。三、开头出彩,结尾精妙。现在的高考书面表达对于开头和结尾的命题有两种形式。一种是提供了开头和结尾,特别是应用文体,命题者并不在写作格式上对考生进行考查,因为那样会让考生陷入记忆大量的写作格式的局面。另一种就是需要考生自己来组织开头和结尾。好的开始是成功的一半,开好头、起好步对书面表达至关重要,好的开头会让阅卷老师的眼睛为之一“亮”。开头常见的方式包括开门见山、以俗语谚语或直接引语引出等,当然也可以以疑问句、套语开头。文章能否得高分,关键还要看结尾,好的结尾能起到画龙点睛的作用。文章的结尾应根据不同体裁而定,或总结全文,或表明对所叙述的人或事的态度,适可而止,但千万不能草草收场,结尾一定要显得水到渠成。四、词汇高级,结构复杂。在一篇书面表达中能有几个复杂结构和高级词汇,势必能提升文章的档次,得高分或者满分。因此书面表达要讲究表达的艺术,从用词到句型的选择,都必须避免千篇一律,比如:同义词、同义结构、反义词、反义结构、祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、简单句、复合句、倒装句、省略句、平行结构等等,要有选择地恰当应用,提高书面表达的得分档次。五、过渡自然,行文流畅。过渡性词汇是用来连接词与词、句与句、段与段的连接词,它不仅使句子结构对称和谐,文章层次清晰分明,还可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性,更重要的是还能够增加文章的得分。1表示转折关系的词:but,however,yet,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,nevertheless,otherwise,after all等。如:It rarely rains in the north,but on the other hand it rains a lot in the south.2表示因果关系的词:since,as,because,so,thus,therefore,as a result,so that等。如:These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.3表示条件关系的词:if,on condition that,so/as long as,unless,or else,or等。如:Ill come on condition that Im invited.4表示时间关系的词:when,while,after,before,until,as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,no sooner.than,hardly.when,lately,recently,since,ever since,from now on,from then on,later,soon等。如:Strike while the iron is hot.5表示空间顺序的词:on the right/left,at the top/foot/of,in the middle of,in front of,at the back of,next to,on one side,here,there等。如:At the foot of the mountain lies a river.6表示顺序关系的词:above all,first of all,firstly,first,secondly,second,then,next,finally,in the end等。如:And above all,remember to send us your new address.7表示并列关系的词:both.and,either.or,neither.nor,or,and,also,too,as well as等。如:Im learning French as well as English.8表示递进关系的词:even,whats more,besides,whats worse,furthermore,also,to make the matter worse等。如:I dont want to go;besides,Im tired.9表示让步关系的词:though,although,as,even if/though,whoever/whatever/whenever/wherever,no matter who/what/when/where等。如:Well have to finish the job,no matter how long it takes.10表示列举事实的词:for example/instance,such as,take.for example,that is to say,as follows,and so on等。如:The government has reduced spending in several areas,for example,education and health.11表示总结性的词:in short,in brief,in a word,on the whole,in general,all in all等。如:In short,the film is the best Ive ever seen.12插入语:I think,I believe,as far as I know,as we all know等。如:He is not a teacher,I think.六、书写工整,卷面整洁。常言道:“字好文一半”,这种说法在高考英语书面表达中虽然有些言过其实,但书写的好坏与卷面的整洁与否直接影响考生的成绩,却是不争的事实。书写不好会给阅卷老师留下很坏的第一印象,分数会降低一个档次甚至更多。不少学生由于疏于审题,随意写来,在仔细检查后,又发现有诸多不妥之处,于是对原文修修补补、随意乱画,造成卷面不整洁。因此,在答题前应该先打好草稿,再工整地誊抄到答卷上,做到书写饱满清晰,卷面整洁规范。1(2012南昌二模)11月的第四个星期四是感恩节。2012年的感恩节是11月22日。某英文杂志社要举办一次征文比赛活动。活动主题是:“Learn to be grateful”。假如你叫魏来,请根据下列提示写一篇120词左右的短文投给该杂志社。主要内容包括:1为什么要感恩;2对谁感恩;3感恩实际行动(给父母泡一杯热茶或给他们一个拥抱,给老师制作感恩卡,给同学和朋友发短信感谢他们的帮助等)。Learn to be gratefulThanksgiving Day in this year is on November 22nd and _ _2(2012江西重点中学协作体第二次联考)近日,“狼爸”萧百佑和他“三天一顿打,孩子进北大”的家教理念再度引起社会热议。在萧百佑近乎残暴的教育方式下他的三个孩子相继考入北大。对于严格教育甚至动辄棍棒相向的“虎妈”“狼爸”式教育方式,你可能会反对,认为:对于看重分数不利于孩子健康成长、全面发展;加剧孩子的叛逆心理你也许赞成,因为:约束、严加管教对孩子前途有利;孩子不打不成器请选择一方观点写一篇英语短文,词数120左右。Following the roars of a “tiger mom”,a wolf father has become famous for his stick parenting style and three children entering Peking University,one of Chinas top universities.This Hong Kong businessman is promoting his “wolf dad” approach,who claims that beating your child with a feather duster is a must to get them into Peking University.Recently,your classmates have had a heated debate over the stick parenting style,whats your opinion?_3古人云:“笑福开来。”微笑是和谐的开始,微笑是沟通的通行证,微笑可以冰释前嫌,微笑可以舒缓窘迫,微笑可以感化灵魂,微笑可以增强自信,微笑可以增添魅力,微笑可以请你以微笑为主题写一篇英语短文,题目自拟。注意:1.对所提示内容不要简单翻译,可以适当发挥;2词数:120左右。_4近日来各地连发数起事件:老人跌倒,路人旁观而无人扶起;一名两岁女童先后被两辆车碾过而路人没有施予援手等,已引起社会广泛关注。为此,某英文报社专门开设了“Would you offer a hand to strangers in trouble?”专栏。作为一名在校学生,请你谈谈对此类事件的看法,并倡导乐于助人,见义勇为的精神。要求:1.词数:120左右;2可适当发挥,使文章连贯。_5最近,你们学校的个别学生因为不适应学校的生活,感到压力很大,很苦恼,甚至产生了退学的想法。你们班为此要组织一次关于“How to deal with stress”的演讲。请你就此写一篇演讲稿,发表一下你个人的见解。演讲稿主要内容应包括:1增加自信;2学会放松,体育锻炼是最好的放松方法;3向家人或朋友倾诉。注意:1.可适当增加细节,使文章通顺;2词数:120左右。_6近日,某报在X市几所中学的学生中展开了一项关于“什么样的学生可以当班长”的调查。请根据下面的图表写一篇英语短文,介绍调查结果并谈谈你认为什么样的学生可以当班长。词数:120左右,开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。什么样的学生可以当班长The high school students have different opinions on what kind of student can become a monitor._7你的外籍老师想要了解中国学生的午睡情况,为此你在同学中进行了一次问卷调查。请根据下表中的内容(打的选项为大多数人的选择),用英语写一篇短文,简要介绍调查结果,并就此谈谈你的看法。注意:1.对所给要点不要简单翻译,可以适当发挥。2词数:120左右。短文的开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。3参考词汇:午睡 take a nap after lunch午睡情况调查表:你经常午睡吗? A经常B.不经常C.有时你大约何时开始午睡?A.12:00 B12:30C.13:00你通常午睡多久?A.约15分钟 B约30分钟C.约60分钟你通常在什么地方午睡?A.教室B.家中C.宿舍你认为午睡有好处吗?A.有B.没有C.不确定Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch among my classmates._8近年来,越来越多的高校开始通过面试自主招收学生。你班学生就这一新的招生方式展开了一场讨论。请根据下表提供的内容反映讨论情况。60%的学生赞成40%的学生反对1面试可以全面综合地评价一个学生;2鼓励学生发展个性和特长;3社会需要一种更加开放和有效的录取方式。1面试带有主观性、片面性,可能不公正;2并非所有学生都善于在面试中展示自己;3不可能在35分钟内评价一个人。注意:1.开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。2词数:120左右;3参考词汇:comprehensive综合的,subjective主观的,onesided片面的,admit students 招生Recently,a discussion has been held in our class on._9仔细品味下面这幅漫画,指出漫画所反映的社会现象并分析该现象的危害,提出应该怎样杜绝该现象(至少两点)。参考词汇:piracy n盗版行为;pirate vt. 盗版注意:1.词数:120左右;2开头已经写好,不计入总词数。Currently,cheap pirated goods,such as pirated software,music and films,pose a serious challenge to._10当今,微博已越来越多地为人们所接受,青少年也不例外。它在他们的日常生活中已经成为一种时尚,但过度使用会浪费时间、精力和金钱。请根据下图提示,用英语写一篇短文,描述图片,对所示现象加以分析,并谈谈个人对此的观点(至少两点)。注意:1词数120左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);2请参照图示及上面的说明作必要的想象和发挥,但不要逐句作简单翻译。3参考词汇:微博 microblog;时尚vogueMicroblog,as its name indicates,is a kind of blog,which differs from a traditional blog in that its content is typically smaller in size._ _ 参考答案 专题五书面表达命题调研明晰考向真题试做l Like ReadingReading is my favorite hobby.I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.As we know,books are the source of knowledge.I benefit a great deal from reading.There are a variety of books for us to choose from,like history books,science books,literary books and so on.But what interests me most is literary books,especially those by famous writers.For one thing,they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another,they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.Isnt it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?创新模拟预测演练1Learn to be gratefulThanksgiving Day in this year is on November 22nd and it is around the corner.How shall we welcome it?Who shall we give our thanks to?Id like to share my idea with you.I always think if everyone is grateful to our society,it will be more harmonious.If everyone has got a grateful heart to our parents,teachers and friends,love and happiness will greet us everyday.Gratitude is so important and necessary that we should take action right away.Lets start with small thingsgive our parents a warm hug or make them a cup of tea,design beautiful thankyou cards for our dear teachers and send thankyou emails to our friends,etc.Dont hesitate.Just do it!2I dont think wolf dads stick parenting is worth advocating.Obviously,his tough parenting style only focuses on test scores and good degrees rather than his kids capacity fully to develop and positive attitudes to enjoy life.We children need the freedom to explore other possibilities besides academic results and our rights to enjoy a happy and playful childhood.Its true that children need discipline and guidance but a relaxed environment will help raise smart,creative,and physically and mentally healthy children.Additionally,the risk of being a wolf dad is that children could reject the parent along with their stick parenting,thus becoming extremely rebellious.So more encouragement and less punishment are needed in parenting.Finally,just as an old saying goes,all roads lead to Rome.I insist there is no universal standard for success.3Why Do We Smile?Everybody likes smiling.But why do we smile?Smiling makes us attractive.We are drawn to people who smile.Smiling changes our mood,as it can trick the body into feeling better.Smiling is infectious.When someone is smiling they lighten up the room,change the moods of others,and make them happier.Smiling relieves stress.It helps to prevent us from looking tired.Smiling makes us seem successful.Smiling people appear more confident,and are more likely to be approached.Smiling helps us stay positive.When we smile our body is sending the rest of us a message that “Life is good!”So just try smiling our way through the day.Stay away from depression,stress and worry by smiling.Smile when you meet others.Smile in time of difficulty.Smile when you feel sad.Smile wherever you are and whenever you can.4Would you offer a hand to strangers in trouble?Recently,some unbelievable events happened in our country.Some aged citizens fell down carelessly in the street,but unfortunately the passersby didnt offer a hand to help them.Whats worse,in a hitandrun accident,a baby girl was run over by cars but ignored by many passersby at the scene.On hearing the terrible news,I was shocked at some peoples lack of sympathy.How can they be so cruel?An ordinary person will even give a dog a hand when the accident occurs to it,let alone a living human.Being ready to help others is a traditional virtue.As far as Im concerned,if I have the chance to offer others a hand when they are in need,I will spare no effort to help them out.Only if everybody devotes their love can we make a better world.5Boys and girls,At present,it is a fact that we students are experiencing much stress.Thus,we should know how to deal with stress.As to this,Id like to share my views with you.First,believe in ourselves.Be confident when faced with many difficult situations.Second,learn to relax.The best way to relax is to take part in physical activities regularly,which can help us stay in shape.Besides,a healthy body can give us much energy to face the busy school life.Thir
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