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人生百味类阅读理解（3）2016高考英语阅读理解-人生百味类 Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her childs hasty-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesnt stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time- and that its possible to enjoy a game even when we dont win. A child whos not invited to a birthday party, who doesnt make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation, prize or say, “It doesnt matter.” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointmentand be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?” Dont blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, dont be shy about inquiring. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. “ Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “ You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You havent the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock(估量) of the situation bravely asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center, a field where shes both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because theres less to lose. Often there is recovery of energya way to find new possibilities.【小题1】The second paragraph tells us _ Ahow a mother praised her childrenBparents should blame their children at the proper time.Chow to shift blameDtwo ways of failure prevention most parents use when their children fail【小题2】According to the author, what should a child know in the real world? ANo one can be best all the time at everything.BHe should be equipped for life.CNo parents should offer quick consolations.DHe can get pleasure from failure as well as success.【小题3】The underlined word “prompt” in the fifth paragraph can be best replaced by “_.” ApreventBcauseCcontinueDexchange【小题4】From the passage we know that _. Asuccess lies in hard workBnever be disappointed to lifeCfailure can affect ones life greatly once he learns to use it.Deveryone had his own value 2016高考英语阅读理解-人生百味类The Loss of InnocenceInnocence is such a precious giftIts explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doingJust imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mindSome people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood What would the world be like if innocence were never lost？One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the worldDuring youth，there may be an occasional argument，even a little physical fight，but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human beingAnd children are blind towards the racial differences of othersA kid will hang out with any other kidIt is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwiseAnother benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventureWith very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adultsIf innocence were kept alive，these ambitions would never depart from our lives However，other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting foreverThey feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in generalA large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn，work，and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to surviveWithout a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence，people would not have the desire to succeed，get a good job in life，or provide income for their families，which would hurt the lives of children The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economyAs long as innocence is kept alive，no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace，resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocenceIt sure is a nice thought，thoughPerhaps innocence was meant to be lostIt was gods will to make things the way they are，and there is a good purpose for everythingAll that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts【小题1】The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _ AavoidedBcondemnedCacceptedDinspired【小题2】Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _ Aproper education would be providedBthere would be no racial discriminationCmore happy families would be guaranteedDpeople would realize their childhood dreams【小题3】According to the author，people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _ Amotivational willBmental abilityCadventurous ambitionsDneeded goods【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？ ABCD 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013海口市调研，D)Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that dont allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fatfree diet.Dont have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You wont get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, youll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they cant control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (摄入)People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesnt lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they arent any happier.Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a persons health.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。12The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DONT include _.Athey think their trouble comes from their weightBthey have a strict parentCother peoples praise when they lose some weightDthere is something they cant control except food intake答案：B细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，A、C、D三项均是人们减肥的原因。B项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选B。13The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to _.Aa fat free diet Ba special dietCeating too much Deating too little答案：D指代判断题。根据画线短语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选D。14Which of the following statements is TRUE?AA person needs about 800 calories each day.BA person who doesnt eat bread is unhealthy.CAn improper diet may cause eating disorder.DFat takes up the most part of calories inside body.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故B项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，D项表述错误。故答案选C。15According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should _.Aavoid eating some food that can lead to being fatBcontrol their eating amount and timesChave a healthy and balanced dietDthrow up some of what they eat答案：C推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选C。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013天津市十二区县联考二，C)In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。16What does this passage mainly talk about?ACompetition helps to set up selfrespect.BOpinions about competition are different among people.CCompetition is harmful to personal quality development.DFailures are necessary experiences in competition.答案：B主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。17Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?AIt builds up a sense of duty. BIt pushes society forward.CIt improves personal abilities. DIt encourages individual efforts.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。18The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _.Athose who try their best to winBthose who value competition most highlyCthose who are against competition most stronglyDthose who rely on others most for success答案：C词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。19What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？AOnes worth lies in his performance compared with others.BOnes success in competition needs great efforts.COnes achievement is determined by his particular skills.DOnes success is based on how hard he has tried.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。20Which point of view may the author agree to?AEvery effort should be paid back.BCompetition should be encouraged.CWinning should be a lifeanddeath matter.DFear of failure should be removed in competition.答案：D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。
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