新概念英语二Lesson88知识点

Lesson88 Trapped in a mine困在矿井里【New words and expressions】l trap （1）v. 陷入，使陷于困境He was trapped in the game preserve . 他被困在禁猎区、（2）v. 将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗 （某人）trap sb into doing 诱使某人做某事They trapped her into marring him . （3） n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱 There is a bear caught in a trap.（4） n. 诡计、圈套、策略He fell into a trap . l vibration n. 震动We could feel the vibrations from the trucks passing outside.我们能够感觉到外面卡车路过的震动。l vibrate （1） v. 振动、摇动His shoulders vibrated with anger .他气到双肩颤抖。（2） v. 受而感动， （心）颤动My heart vibrated to the soulful painting .那张充满感情的画让我为之感动。l collapse （1） v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩溃The heavy flood collapsed the bridge .大洪水使桥梁坍塌了。The roof collapsed under the weight of snow . 雪把房顶压塌了。（2） v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因为资金短缺，我们的计划泡汤了。.l drill （1） v. 钻孔I will drill a hole in the wall（2）v. 训练 （某人），反复练习、接受训练drill in English pronunciation练习英语发音（3） n.锥子 、钻孔机（4） n. 训练、演练、练习 a fire drill 消防演习l capsule n. 容器、胶囊He swallowed two capsules at a time.他一下吃下了两粒胶囊。medicine ：pill 药丸 powder 药粉 tablet药片l layer （1） n. 层a cake with two layers两层蛋糕（2） 下蛋的鸡a good layer 常下蛋的鸡 a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡l beneath （1） prep. 在.之下 Lets take a rest beneath the tree . （2）（地位、价值） 较.差的，较不值的Such words are beneath you . 说这些话有失你的身份。l lower （1）v. 放低（高度、位置） ，降低She lowered her eyes . 他垂下眼睛。（2） v. 降低 （价格、数量、程度、声音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租（3）adj. 更低的; 较低的; 下层的l progress （1）v. 进展，进行，进步We are now progressing steadily with our work.我们现在工作进展顺利。You have progressed quickly in mathematics . 你在数学上进步迅速。（2）n. 前进、进行 、进步make slow progress toward the destination.朝目的地缓慢前进 make progressl smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地Our work goes smoothly.我们的工作进展顺利。smooth （1） adj. 平滑的 、順利的、温和的The water was as smooth as glass.水面光滑如玻璃一样。He is smooth in his manners . 他举止彬彬有理。（2）v. 使平滑 （坦）Dont forget to smooth the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之前別忘了把木料打磨光滑。【课文讲解】1.Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. mine n.矿井，巷道，水雷2.If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. lose ones life 丧生 save ones life救命3.However, rescue operations are proving difficult. rescue v.（从危险等） 救出rescuefrom They rescued a boy from drowning . 他们救了那个落水男孩。 prove 之后带形容词（有时也可以是名词）时表示“证明是”、“结果是”：His operation proved successful.他的手术很成功。4.Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. therefore 表示“因此”、“所以”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so 表示“因此”、“所以”时通常是连词：The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive.这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car.他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car.（译文同上，therefore 前后都可以有逗号，so 后面通常不用逗号）We arrived early, so we got good seats.我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so 表示“所以”、“因此”时不放在动词前） on both sides of the street在街道两边on the other side of the square在广场的另一边5.They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. intend to do 打算做某事He intends to study abroad next year . intend sb to do 打算让某人做某事He intends his son to manage the company .他打算让他儿子经营公司。 bring up （1）养育、培育、教育Shes brought up three children. 她一個人养大了三个孩子。（2） 提出话题His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting 他在会议上提出新的建议。6.As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. as it is 实际上事实上（也可以用as it was）。I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。7.Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. enable sb to do 使某人做His large income enabled him to live in comfort.他那丰厚的收入使他可以过舒服的生活。 keep in touch with 与.保持联系，也可以用stay，get等其他动词：He still keeps in touch with his old friends . closest relatives 直系亲属8.Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. run out of =use up用完，耗尽9.If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.lose heart 失望，失去勇气，灰心Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves, the soldiers lost heart at once.看到敌人比他们强壮的多，战士们立刻就失去勇气了。【Structures】课文中If引导的条件状语从句1) 表示对可能出现的情况的一种预测=If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. =If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse.2) 表示与事实相反的情况（虚拟语气）=If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.=If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.=If I had the money now, I would buy a new car.=If John had worked hard, he would have passed his examination.类型 条件从句谓语动词形式 主语谓语动词形式 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should/ would/could/might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 3.were to+动词原形 也就是说，虚拟语气的几种常见用法是：表示和现在事实相反的假设：条件句用动词的过去式，但be (包括There be) 各人称一律用were; 主句则用should/ would /could/ might+动词原形。 表示与过去事实相反的假设：条件句用动词的过去完成时（had +过去分词）；主句则用would + have +过去分词。表示与将来事实相反的假设：条件句用should+动词原形或动词过去式，或were to+动词原形，主句的谓语则用should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形。以下分别举例说明： If I were you, I would tell her the truth. 如果我是你，我就告诉她事实真相。 If you had followed my advice, you would have got the ticket. 你要是当初听我的，现在就拿到票了。 If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话我就呆在家里。 【Special difficulties】与动词run 有关的短语run 可以与不同的介词或副词搭配产生不同的含义。（1）run out of 可表示“用完”、“耗尽”：They are running out of food and drink.他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了。He has run out of money.他的钱用光了。（2）run after 表示“追赶”、“追逐”：She ran through a forest after the two thieves.她穿过森林，追赶那两个小偷。Seeing that his sister was annoyed, he ran after her to apologize.当他发现他妹妹/姐姐生气时，他便追上去道歉。（3）run over 的含义之一是“在.驶过/辗过”：The car ran over his legs.那车辗过他的双腿。（4）run in 的含义之一是“试车”、“试转（发动机等）”：John is running his new car in.约翰正在试他的新车。Run in the engine before you start work.在开始工作前，先试试发动机。（5）run into 可以表示“偶然碰见”：I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop.我在花店里碰见了玛丽和简。【Exercise】一、根据提示填空。（1）If you my advice, you .(要是你当初听取了我的意见，你早就成功了。)（2）If I in your place, _.(如果我是你，我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). 二、Tell what the following people are thinking. a. 2-year-old: If I _(can) talk , I _(tell) my mother that I hate peas. c. 16-year-old: If I _(have) a car, my friends and I_ (go) out every night. d. 19-year-old: If I _(have) a lot of money, _(attend) a private university. 【课后作业】 翻译以下三个句子。 1. 他们设下了圈套。 2. 这个匹萨看起来很好吃。 3. 如果我是老板，我早就开除他了。