机械制图表面粗糙度符号

表面粗糙度符号、代号及其注法Mechanical drawingsSurface roughness symbols andmethods of indicating1993-11-09 批准 1994-07-01 实施国家质量技术监督局 发布 本标准等效采用国际标准ISO 13021992技术制图标注表面特征的方法。1 主题内容与适用范围 本标准规定了零件表面粗糙度符号、代号及其在图样上的注法。 本标准适用于机电产品图样及有关技术文件。其他图样和技术文件也可参照采用。2 引用标准 GB 1031 表面粗糙度 参数及其数值 GBT 13911 金属镀覆和化学处理表示方法 GB 3505 表面粗糙度 术语 表面及其参数 GB 4054 涂料涂覆标记 GB 10610 触针式仪器测量表面粗糙度的规则和方法 GB 12472 木制件 表面粗糙度参数及其数值3 表面粗糙度符号、代号3.1 图样上所标注的表面粗糙度符号、代号是该表面完工后的要求。3.2 有关表面粗糙度的各项规定应按功能要求给定。若仅需要加工(采用去除材料的方法或不去除材料的方法)但对表面粗糙度的其他规定没有要求时，允许只注表面粗糙度符号。3.3 图样上表示零件表面粗糙度的符号见表1。表1符 号意义及说明 基本符号，表示表面可用任何方法获得。当不加注粗糙度参数值或有关说明(例如：表面处理、局部热处理状况等)时，仅适用于简化代号标注 基本符号加一短划，表示表面是用去除材料的方法获得。例如：车、铣、钻、磨、剪切、抛光、腐蚀、电火花加工、气割等 基本符号加一小圆，表示表面是用不去除材料的方法获得。例如：铸、锻、冲压变形、热轧、冷轧、粉末冶金等。 或者是用于保持原供应状况的表面(包括保持上道工序的状况) 在上述三个符号的长边上均可加一横线，用于标注有关参数和说明 在上述三个符号上均可加一小圆，表示所有表面具有相同的表面粗糙度要求3.4 当允许在表面粗糙度参数的所有实测值中超过规定值的个数少于总数的16%时，应在图样上标注表面粗糙度参数的上限值或下限值。 当要求在表面粗糙度参数的所有实测值中不得超过规定值时，应在图样上标注表面粗糙度参数的最大值或最小值。3.5 表面粗糙度高度参数轮廓算术平均偏差Ra值的标注见表2，Ra在代号中用数值表示(单位为微米)，参数值前可不标注参数代号。表2代 号意 义代 号意 义 用任何方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的上限值为3.2m 用任何方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的最大值为3.2m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的上限值为3.2m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的最大值为3.2m 用不去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的上限值为3.2m 用不去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的最大值为3.2m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的上限值为3.2m，Ra的下限值为1.6m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的最大值为3.2m，Ra的最小值为1.6m3.6 表面粗糙度高度参数轮廓微观不平度十点高度Rz、轮廓最大高度Ry值(单位为微米)的标注见表3，参数值前需标注出相应的参数代号。表3代 号意 义代 号意 义 用任何方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ry的上限值为3.2m 用任何方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ry的最大值为3.2m 用不去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Rz的上限值为200m 用不去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Rz的最大值为200m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Rz的上限值为3.2m，下限值为1.6m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Rz的最大值为3.2m，最小值为1.6m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的上限值为3.2m，Ry的上限值为12.5m 用去除材料方法获得的表面粗糙度，Ra的最大值为3.2m，Ry的最大值为12.5m3.7 取样长度应标注在符号长边的横线下面，见图1。图1 若按GB 106101989第6.1条中表1、表2的有关规定选用对应的取样长度时，在图样上可省略标注。3.8 若需要标注表面粗糙度间距参数轮廓的单峰平均间距S值、轮廓微观不平度的平均间距Sm值或轮廓支承长度率tp时，应注在符号长边的横线下面，数值写在相应代号的后面。图2a是轮廓微观不平度的平均间距Sm上限值的标注示例。图2b是轮廓支承长度率tp的标注示例，表示水平截距C在轮廓最大高度Ry的50%位置上，支承长度率为70%，给出的tp为下限值。图2c为Sm最大值的标注示例。图2d为tp最小值的标注示例。图23.9 如该表面的粗糙度要求由指定的加工方法获得时，可用文字标注在符号长边的横线上面，见图3。图33.10 镀(涂)覆或其他表面处理的要求(表示方法或标记按GBT 13911和GB 4054的规定)可以注写在符号长边的横线上面，也可以在技术要求中说明。 需要表示镀(涂)覆或其他表面处理后的表面粗糙度值时，其标注方法见图4a。 需要表示镀(涂)覆前的表面粗糙度值时，应另加说明，见图4b。 若同时要求表示镀(涂)覆前及镀(涂)覆后的表面粗糙度值时，标注方法如图4c。图43.11 需要控制表面加工纹理方向时，可在符号的右边加注加工纹理方向符号，见图5。常见的加工纹理方向符号见表4。图5表4符号说 明示 意 图 纹理平行于标注代号的视图的投影面 纹理垂直于标注代号的视图的投影面 纹理呈两相交的方向M 纹理呈多方向C 纹理呈近似同心圆续表符号说 明示 意 图R 纹理呈近似放射形P 纹理无方向或呈凸起的细粒状 注：若表中所列符号不能清楚地表明所要求的纹理方向，应在图样上用文字说明。3.12 表面粗糙度数值及其有关的规定在符号中注写的位置见图6。a1、a2粗糙度高度参数代号及其数值(单位为微米)；b加工要求、镀覆、涂覆、表面处理或其他说明等；c取样长度(单位为毫米)或波纹度(单位为微米)；d加工纹理方向符号；e加工余量(单位为毫米)；f粗糙度间距参数值(单位为毫米)或轮廓支承长度率。图64 图样上的标注方法4.1 表面粗糙度符号、代号一般注在可见轮廓线、尺寸界线、引出线或它们的延长线上。符号的尖端必须从材料外指向表面，见图7、图8。图7图8 表面粗糙度代号中数字及符号的方向必须按图7、图8的规定标注。 带有横线的表面粗糙度符号应按图9、图10的规定标注。图9图104.2 在同一图样上，每一表面一般只标注一次符号、代号，并尽可能靠近有关的尺寸线，见图7。 当地位狭小或不便标注时，符号、代号可以引出标注，如图11、图16。图114.3 当零件所有表面具有相同的表面粗糙度要求时，其符号、代号可在图样的右上角统一标注，见图12a或12b。 当用统一标注和简化标注的方法表达表面粗糙度要求时，其符号、代号和说明文字的高度均应是图形上其他表面所注代号和文字的1.4倍，见图7、图12、图13。图12图134.4 当零件的大部分表面具有相同的表面粗糙度要求时，对其中使用最多的一种符号、代号可以统一注在图样的右上角，并加注“其余”两字，见图7，图11。4.5 为了简化标注方法，或者标注位置受到限制时，可以标注简化代号，见图13。但必须在标题栏附近说明这些简化代号的意义。 也可采用省略的注法，见图14、图15，但应在标题栏附近说明这些简化符号、代号的意义。图14图154.6 零件上连续表面及重复要素(孔、槽、齿等)的表面(图16、17)和用细实线连接不连续的同一表面(图11)，其表面粗糙度符号、代号只标注一次。图16图174.7 同一表面上有不同的表面粗糙度要求时，须用细实线画出其分界线，并注出相应的表面粗糙度代号和尺寸，见图18。图184.8 中心孔的工作表面，键槽工作面，倒角、圆角的表面粗糙度代号，可以简化标注，见图19。图194.9 齿轮、渐开线花键、螺纹等工作表面没有画出齿(牙)形时，其表面粗糙度代号可按图2025的方式标注。图20图21图22图23图24图254.10 需要规定表面粗糙度测量截面的方向时，其标注方法见图26。图264.11 需要将零件局部热处理或局部镀(涂)覆时，应用粗点划线画出其范围并标注相应的尺寸，也可将其要求注写在表面粗糙度符号长边的横线上，见图27、图28。图27图28附 录 A符号的比例和尺寸(参考件)A1 符号的比例A1.1 表面粗糙度符号的比例见图A1。图A1 尺寸d、H1、H2见表A1。A1.2 加工纹理方向符号的比例见图A2。图A2 尺寸d、h见表A1。A1.3 表面粗糙度数值及其有关规定在符号中注写位置的比例见图A3。图A3 尺寸d、h、b见表A1。A2 符号的尺寸 符号的尺寸见表A1。表A1 mm轮廓线的线宽b0.350.50.711.422.8数字与大写字母(或/和小写字母)的高度h2.53.557101420符号的线宽d数字与字母的笔画宽度d0.250.350.50.711.42高度H13.55710142028高度H28111521304260附 录 B标 注 示 例(补充件)表B1标注示例说 明B1 在符号长边的横线下面同时标注取样长度与轮廓支承长度率tp时，在tp前需加注斜线，此时Ra与tp的取样长度均为0.8mmB2 Ra与Ry的取样长度均为2.5mmB3 Ra的取样长度为0.8mm；Ry的取样长度为2.5mmB4 在符号长边的横线上面，可注写注释性说明。图例表示前、后两面的表面粗糙度均为12.5B5 在横线上面可同时注写加工方法与注释性说明续表标注示例说 明B6 在横线上面可注写加工要求。图例表示导轨工作面经刮削后，在25mm25mm面积内接触点不小于10点，Ra的上限值为1.6mB7 在横线上面同时注写镀层要求与独立加工方法时，按工艺顺序用斜线隔开。图例表示表面镀硬铬，镀层厚度为605m，镀后经机械抛光，Ra的上限值为0.4mB8 在横线上面同时注写化学处理与涂覆要求时，按工艺顺序用斜线隔开。图例表示表面化学氧化后，涂黑色AO4-9氨基烘干磁漆，使用于一般环境条件下，并按级外观等级加工B9 部分不镀(涂)覆表面，可用粗点划线画出，同时在横线上加以注明B10 当横线上没有足够的位置标注所有内容时，可采用图例的方法标注B11 镀(涂)覆表面不再进行加工时，应按图例的方法标注。当所有表面具有相同的表面粗糙度要求时，可在符号上加画一小圆表示B12 相同要求的表面，当标注位置受到限制时，可用粗点划线画出，在引出线上标注一次符号、代号B13 结合件的配合表面可按图标注表面粗糙度代号。件1外圆柱面表面粗糙度为 ，件2内圆柱面表面粗糙度为 续表标注示例说 明B14 木材表面可按图标注表面粗糙度代号。该件外圆柱面Ra的上限值为12.5m，Ra的数值按GB 12472表1选取B15 表面粗糙度、表面镀覆及尺寸标注综合示例。其中GR表示磨光附 录 C表面波纹度标注示例(参考件) 若需要标注表面波纹度轮廓的最大高度时，应注在表面粗糙度符号长边的横线下面，参数值写在参数代号后面，见图C1。图C1 附加说明： 本标准由中华人民共和国机械工业部提出。 本标准由全国技术制图标准化技术委员会归口。 本标准由机械工业部机械标准化所、浙江大学、中国纺织大学负责起草。 本标准主要起草人尤绍权、倪宜平、强毅、杨东拜、汪恺。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect