高二英语暑期作业复习方法策略15讲第6讲动词的3个考查角度13组高频短语记忆5组近义词辨析

第6讲 动词的3个考查角度、13组高频短语记忆、5组近义词辨析及动词考法备考指导对于动词的考查一定是从以下几个角度：(1)从语法(时态、语态、语气等)的角度考查；(2)从单词词义辨析的角度考查；(3)从短语词义辨析的角度考查：同一个动词后跟不同的介词或副词的考查；不同的动词后跟同一个介词或副词的考查。一、以get为例掌握高考考查动词时的三个角度1从语法的角度考查get的相关知识(1)get宾语to do叫(请、说服)某人做某事Ill get more men to do it.我多叫几个人做此事。Be sure to get Mr.White to come here.一定请怀特先生来。(2)get宾语过去分词弄得(使得)某事完成(自己也可能参与)She got a new coat made.她定做了一件新大衣。Lets get this matter cleared up.咱们把这件事情弄清楚吧。(3)get宾语现在分词使在某种状态中(相当于keep.doing)The lecture got us thinking.这次演讲使我们深思。Can you get the clock going again?你能让这个钟再走起来吗？(4)get过去分词(构成被动，着重于动作)受，被He got dismissed because of his laziness.由于懒惰他被开除了。I got acquainted with him when he was in high school.我在中学时期就认识了他。(5)(口语)Got it！明白！Youve got me！这下可把我难住了！ 2从词汇的角度考查get的相关知识(1)get不同的介词(副词)get along/on with与和睦相处，进展get about(消息)传开，传出来；走动，到处跑，旅游get across(使)通过；(使)被理解，(把)讲清楚get away with侥幸做成get down to sth.开始做某事3从词汇的角度考查get的相关知识(2)不同的动词同一个介词(副词)get through用完；顺利通过；接通电话break through突破，突围see through看透，看穿，看破look through审核，仔细查看；透过看；浏览，快速查看go through仔细讨论；仔细查看；经历，经过；用完，通过pull through(使)度过危机，(使)度过危险二、运用归类识记法牢记13组高考高频动词短语1break短语break away (from sb./sth.)脱离，逃脱，甩掉break ones word食言break out爆发，突然开始break down机器、车辆等坏掉；使分解break in插话；强行进入break into强行闯入；突然开始break up粉碎；关系破裂；垮掉2bring短语bring forth生产bring forward将提前；提议bring down降低；打落bring in赚得；提出；引进bring up抚养；提出；呕吐3call短语call at someplace拜访某地call on sb.拜访某人call for需要，要求；接call on/upon sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事4take短语take away带走；解除take off脱下；起飞；迅速流行take on雇用；呈现take in收留；欺骗；理解；包含take down写下；拆掉take up开始从事；占据take part in参加take pride in为感到骄傲take place发生take the place of替代take care of照顾take action采取行动take measures/steps采取措施5give短语give in投降，让步give up放弃，投降give out散发，耗尽give off发出光、热、气味等give away分发，送给6go短语go out送出；熄灭go with sth.附属于；同意go mad发疯go bad变坏，变质go against违背go on继续7hold短语hold back隐瞒；阻挡，抑制hold on坚持，等着；不要挂掉电话hold up耽搁；支持住8keep短语keep back保持距离；抑制感情等的流露；隐瞒keep off回避某话题；使不接近keep away from远离keep up with sth.熟悉；继续支付keep up with sb.与某人保持联系keep on继续keep a record保持纪录keep ones promise遵守诺言keep an eye on照看，留神，留意9look短语look after照顾，照料look around/round环顾四周look down on看不起，鄙视look for寻找；期待look out小心look forward to sth./doing sth.盼望，期待look up好转；抬头往上看；查阅look into调查10make短语make up化妆；组成；编造make up for弥补be made up of由组成/构成make out理解，看清make full/good use of充分利用make friends with与交朋友make fun of取笑make room for给让出空间make an apology to给道歉make preparations for为作准备make the bed铺床make a living谋生make money赚钱make peace讲和make tea沏茶11put短语put away把放回原处；积蓄put up提升；张贴；建立；投宿put down写下；放下；镇压put out生产；扑灭；出版put off取消；使反感put on穿上；上演；增加体重put up with sb./sth.容忍12set短语set about开始做；攻击set out动身；开始工作set off出发；使爆炸；引起set up建立set fire to sth./set sth.on fire放火烧set an example to为树立榜样13turn短语turn to翻到；向求助turn in上交；取得turn on打开；取决于；突然攻击turn off关掉；不再听turn up偶然出现；把声音调高turn down把声音调低；拒绝turn out结果是；出席take an exam参加考试，相当于sit an examtake ones advice听从劝告take it for granted (that.)把看成是理所当然的事take sb./sth.seriously严肃对待某人/某事take.for example以为例三、运用语境记忆法掌握5组近义词1afford，cost，pay，spend，takeafford表示“买得起；有时间做”，可以指费用、时间等，常用于afford sth.和afford to do sth.结构；其他四个词都有“花费”之意，其中cost指“需付费”，常用于cost sb.sth.结构；pay常指“付多少钱”，常用于pay (sb.)for sth.结构；spend指“花时间或钱”，常用于sb.spend时间/钱on sth./(in) doing sth.结构；take常用于It takes sb.时间to do sth.结构。如：We cannot afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。The new computer costs him around 1，000.(cost的主语一般是物，且没有被动结构)这台新电脑花费了他将近1 000美元。Who will pay for the meal?谁为这顿饭付账？Every day he spent twenty minutes (in) talking to the boy.他每天花20分钟的时间跟这个男孩谈话。It took us a lot of time to finish the work.完成这项工作花了我们很多时间。2take part in，join in，join，attend它们都有“参加”之意。take part in意为“参加，参与(某事或某活动)”；join in意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词；join指“加入”某个团体、组织；attend强调“出席”，如attend a meeting/concert，attend classes/school/a lecture等。如：It is useful to take an active part in afterschool activities.积极参加课外活动是有益的。Please join us and play together!加入我们一起玩吧！Last Saturday all of us attended his wedding.上个星期六，我们都参加了他的婚礼。He never joined in the usual sports of the boys.他从不参加男孩们的一般活动。3hurt，wound，injure，destroy(1)hurt表示“伤害”的一般用词，既可以指“对肉体的伤害”，也可以指“对精神的伤害”。如：He hurt his back when playing squash.他打壁球时背部受伤了。What he said at the meeting hurt me.他在会议上说的话伤害了我。(2)wound常指“外伤”，特别指“在战争、打斗中受到的伤害”。如：He was wounded in the war in the left arm.他在战争中左胳膊受了伤。(3)injure一般指“在意外事故中受伤”。如：Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。(4)destroy一般指“彻底损坏”，常译成“毁坏，破坏”。如：The school was destroyed completely by a big fire.学校被一场大火彻底烧毁了。4arise，rise，raise(1)arise常表示问题等的“产生，出现”，主语多为抽象名词。如：A new crisis has arisen.新危机已经出现。(2)rise其过去式、过去分词分别为rose，risen，是不及物动词，不能接宾语，无被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起床；增长”。如：Food prices have risen rapidly in the past few months.在过去的几个月中，食物的价格上涨得飞快。(3)raise用作及物动词，后可接ones hand/a stone/the flag/the price/ones voice等，可用于被动语态。侧重表示把人或物提高到较高的位置或水平，既可指具体的事物，也可用于比喻意义。如：Finally the ship was raised to the surface of the water.最后，船被打捞出水面。5match，fit，suit(1)match既可用作及物动词又可用作不及物动词，多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配，意为“相配，相一致”。如：That hat matches your jacket well.那顶帽子与你的短上衣很相配。(2)fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸、大小“适合，合身”。如：Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。(3)suit表示“相配，合身”，强调衣服的颜色、花样、款式等适合某人，也可指合乎需要、口味和条件等。如：Would Monday suit you?星期一可以吗？四、动词考法考查动词短语及搭配同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配有着不同的含义：同一介词或副词和不同的动词搭配含义也会不同。如：givein/out/away/upturnin/out/on/off/up/downput up/on/down/away/offsetup/off/out/about/asidecutup/down/off/incomealong/off/across/throughcarry/feed/put/focusonget/look/take/comeover典例展示1(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.答案on解析be focused on为固定搭配，意为“集中于”。故答案为on。典例展示2(2014辽宁高考)OK. Dont laugh _ me. I may look funny.答案at解析laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑”。故答案为at。跟踪训练考点突破.动词辨析open，earn，reserve，deny，accumulate，negotiate，limit，remind，order，fail1William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to _2If you dont like the drink you _，just leave it and try a different one.3Mary，I _ John of his promise to help you.4Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also _ our thinking.5The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but well never _ with criminals.”6Clinical evidence began to _，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7Are you still mad at her?Not really，but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.8Id prefer to _ my judgment until I find all the evidence.9You are old enough to _ your own living.10I _ a bank account after I made 1，000 by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation.动词短语辨析take on，come across，look up，go over，bring up，put up，care about，turn down，work out，speed up，bring down，put up with1I can _ the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.3They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.4You cant predict everything.Often things dont _ as you expect.5You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal _ again.6If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night.8Born into a family with three brothers，David was _ to value the sense of sharing.9To get a better grade，you should _ the notes again before the test.10I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12Some insects _ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.能力提升.阅读理解AThe mystery of why a baby is comforted by being picked up has been discovered.A new study not only shows that babies deeply relax when they are carried，but goes on to explain the physical processes at work.An instinct(本能) in evolution causes crying babies to calm down，when they are held in their mothers arms.When babies are picked up and carried，their heart rate slows down and they “automatically and deeply” relax.But this doesnt happen when they are simply held，the study found.The scientists say the study is the first to show that the babys response to being calmed is a coordinated(协调的) set of nervous regulation of hearts.The findings could help parents who have trouble tranquilizing their babies，claim the scientists.“Their baby response reduces the mothers burden of carrying，and is important to both the mother and the baby，” Dr.Kumi Kuroda，from the Riken Brain Science Institute in Japan.The researchers believe the calming response is a survival traits(特征) preserved by evolution in many mammals，including lions and squirrels.The research involved measuring electrical brain activity in both human babies and mouse babies.When baby mice are carried by their mothers，their legs flexed(弯曲的) and they stopped giving off loud sound.In mice，the calming response was depended on the sense of touch and the ability to feel body movement.The findings may have importance for parenting，say the scientists.“Such proper understanding of babies would reduce parents feeling of failure and be important，because crying is a major risk for child abuse，” said Dr.Kuroda.“Although our study was done on mothers，we believe that this is not specific to mums and can be used by any primary caregiver.”1What response do crying babies have when they are picked up?AThey stop crying and fall asleep quickly.BThey smile at the mothers at once.CThey relax with the heart rate slowing down.DThey ask for more body contact.2What does the underlined word “tranquilizing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ARaising. BCalming.CCarrying. DTeaching.3Who will be interested in the text?APrimary school teachers.BParents with teenagers.CPeople who take care of babies.DCouples who want to have children.4What does the text mainly talk about?AHow we can take good care of babies.BMothers have trouble in bringing up children.CWhat to do when your baby cries.DWhy babies calm down when picked up and carried.BA rescue center in Alaska has taken in an orphaned baby seal that was still in the body when a hunter killed its mother on Easter Sunday.The Alaska Sea Life Center says a hunter killed the babys mother in a village on Nelson Island in the Bering Sea.The hunter then realized there was a live baby inside the seal and successfully delivered it.The hunters daughter found a hotline of the Seward Rescue Center and called to report the incident.Guided by center staff，a village teacher helped transport the baby to the local airport，and the animal was flown to Anchorage.The Alaska Sea Life Center members met the baby，now called Maxwell，at the Anchorage airport and drove him to Seward on Monday.Staff members say the baby has responded well to food and care，but his condition is still considered very serious.“Maxwell was close to fullterm，and everything looks fairly normal，” said Pam Tuomi，a center vet.“But babies that have never received antibodies(抗体) from their mothers milk are at higher risk of infection，so we will keep Maxwell in a separate place and watch him closely for the next few weeks.”The Sea Life Center is Alaskas only permanent facility licensed to house stranded(搁浅的) marine mammals and seabirds.Staff choose a theme each year for naming animals admitted there，and this year the names are related to caffeine.“We hope to give Maxwell a second chance at life as a wild seal，” said Brett Long，the centers director.5What can we learn from the passage?AThe mother seal was killed in order to protect the baby seal.BThe mother seal was killed before the baby seal was born.CThe cruel hunter was unwilling to save the baby seal.DBoth the mother seal and the baby seal were in good condition now.6What did the hunters daughter do with the baby seal?AShe helped to feed it.BShe delivered it successfully.CShe reported it to a rescue center.DShe persuaded her father to save it.7The underlined word “him” in the third paragraph probably refers to “_”Athe hunterBthe baby sealCthe center memberDthe village teacher8Maxwell is at high risk of infection because _Ait was born too earlyBthere are no antibodies in its bodyCit cant get used to the life in the centerDit cant be taken good care of in the center.完形填空You are near the front line of a battle.Around you shells(炮弹)are exploding；people are shooting from a house behind you.What are you doing there？You arent a soldier.You arent_1_carrying a gun.Youre standing in front of a _2_and youre telling the TV_3_what is happening.Its all in a days work for a war reporter，and it can be very_4_In the first two years of the _5_in former Yugoslavia(前南斯拉夫)，28 reporters and photographers were killed.Hundreds more were _6_What kind of people put themselves in danger to _7_pictures to our TV screens and _8_to our newspapers？Why do they do it?“I think its every young journalists_9_to be a foreign reporter，”says Michael Nicholson，“thats_10_you find the excitement.So when the first opportunity comes，you take it_11_it is a war.”But there are moments of_12_Jeremy Bowen says，“Yes，when youre lying on the ground and bullets(子弹)are flying_13_your ears，you think：What am I doing here？Im not going to do this again.But that feeling_14_after a while and when the next war starts，youll be _15_”“None of us believes that were going to_16_，”adds Michael.But he always _17_ a lucky charm(护身符)with him.It was given to him by his wife for his first war.Its a card which says“Take care of yourself.”Does he ever think about dying？“Oh，_18_，and every time it happens you look to the sky and say to God，If you get me out of this，I _19_Ill never do it again.You can almost hear God _20_，because you know he doesnt believe you.”1A.simply BreallyCmerely Deven2A.crowd BhouseCbattlefield Dcamera3A.producers BviewersCdirectors Dactors4A.dangerous BexcitingCnormal Ddisappointing5A.stay BfightCwar Dlife6A.injured BburiedCdefeated Dsaved7A.bring BshowCtake Dmake8A.scenes BpassagesCstories Dcontents9A.belief BdreamCduty Dfaith10A.why BwhatChow Dwhere11A.even so Bever sinceCas if Deven if12A.fear BsurpriseCshame Dsadness13A.into BaroundCpast Dthrough14A.returns BgoesCcontinues Doccurs15A.there BawayCout Dhome16A.leave BescapeCdie Dremain17A.hangs BwearsCholds Dcarries18A.never Bmany timesCsome time Dseldom19A.consider BacceptCpromise Dguess20A.whispering BlaughingCscreaming Dcrying第6讲动词的3个考查角度、13组高频短语记忆、5组近义词辨析及动词考法考点突破.1.fail2.ordered3.reminded4.limit5.negotiate6.accumulate7.deny8.reserve9.earn10.opened.1.put up with2.bring down3.speed up4.work out5.turned down6.care about7.putting up8.brought up9.go over10.look up11.came across12.take on能力提升.1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“When babies are picked up and carried，their heart rate slows down and they automatically and deeply relax.”可知当正在哭的孩子被抱起来，他们的反应是放松而且心跳速度放慢。故选C。2B词义猜测题。根据文章第二段的句子“The scientists say the study is the first to show that the babys response to being calmed is a coordinated(协调的) set of nervous regulation of hearts.”可知抱起孩子可以让他们冷静下来，然后第三段的句子“The findings could help parents who have trouble tranquilizing their babies，”说明这项发现可以帮助那些不会让孩子冷静下来的父母。tranquilizing的意思是calming。故选B。3C推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The findings may have importance for parenting，say the scientists.”可知那些照顾孩子的父母可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选C。4D主旨大意题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子“The mystery of why a baby is comforted by being picked up has been discovered.”可知这篇文章主要讲的是为什么孩子被抱起来的时候会安静下来。故选D。5B细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在小海豹出生前，海豹妈妈就被猎人杀死了。6C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，猎人的女儿把情况汇报给了西沃德救护中心。7B代词指代题。联系语境可知，him指代那头获救的海豹幼崽。8B细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在海豹幼仔出生前海豹妈妈就死了，因此它未能喝到母乳，未能从母乳中获得抗体，所以海豹幼崽很容易被感染。.【语篇解读】本文讲述了战地记者在战场上所遇到的各种艰难和危险并且描述了他们的思想斗争的情况。1D上句话说，“你”不是士兵，接下来说的是“你”甚至(even)没有枪，因为“你”是战地记者。2D由第2段第1句可知，“你”是战地记者(a war reporter)，那“你”当然应站在(camera)前了。crowd人群，house房子，battlefield战场。3B既然是战地记者站在摄像机前，那当然是给电视观众(TV viewers)作报道了。producer制片人，director导演，actor演员。4A由第1段around you shells(炮弹) are exploding 及第2段.reporters and photographers were killed 可知，战地记者的工作是很危险的(dangerous)。5C前面讲战地记者，因此这里说的是前南斯拉夫战争(war)。6A战地记者死了28人，成百上千的人应该是受伤(injured)。bury埋葬，defeat打败，save解救。7Abring带来；show出示，拿给看；take带去，拿到；make制造。结合后面的pictures to our TV screens，只有bring最佳。8C前面说给电视带来pictures，那么与之相对照，给报纸带来的应该是stories。在报纸上报道的事情的经历常用story表示。9B成为外国记者是每个年轻记者的梦想(dream)，而不是belief信仰，duty职责，faith信仰、约定。10Dwhere引导地点状语从句，意为“的地方”。那是你发现激动人心的地方。11D当驻外记者是每个年轻记者的梦想，当实现梦想的机会出现时，他们一定会抓住，即使(even if)是战争也不畏惧。as if好像，even so即使这样，ever since从那时到现在。12A由下文.and bullets(子弹) are flying_13_ your ears.What am I doing here？Im not going to do this again可知，记者们也有“害怕”(fear)的时候。surprise惊讶，shame害羞，sadness悲伤。13C子弹从耳边飞过，用past，即指从耳朵旁边飞过。through“穿过”“穿透”。14B句中but表转折，前面说有时也有害怕的时候，但是这种感觉一会儿就过去了(goes)。return回来，continue继续，occur发生。15A害怕的感觉过去后，当下一场战争爆发时，你又会出现在那里(there)。16C他们随身带着护身符，所以他们不相信他们会死(die)。17Dhang悬挂；wear穿，戴；hold握住，拿住；carry随身带着与with搭配。因其后的宾语是a lucky charm(护身符)，显然只有carry最合适。18B后面说every time，说明是想过，所以选many times。19C向上帝祈求，当然是说“我保证(promise)”。20B由于战地记者们在“退出”这个问题上总是说话不算数，所以当上帝再次听到他们保证的时候，便会“发笑”了(laugh)。whisper低语，scream尖叫，cry哭泣。18