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Unit 4 Earthquakes课程标准类别新课程标准要求掌握的项目重点单词识记理解earthquake n. 地震 quake n. 地震 well n. 井 smelly adj. 发臭的 event n. 事件大事 pipe n. 管子nation n. 民族；国家；国民 million n. 百万 farmyard n. 农场steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 canal n. 运河 dirt n. 污垢suffering n. 苦难；痛苦 survivor n. 幸存者 brick n. 砖extreme adj. 极度的 electricity n. 电 disaster n.灾难reporter n. 记者 mine n.矿;矿山 miner n. 矿工useless adj.无用的;无效的 bar n.条;棒;条状物 shelter n.掩蔽;掩蔽处； outline n.要点;大纲;轮廓 title n.标题;资格 cyclist n.骑自行车人sincerely adv. 真诚地;真挚地 headline n. 报刊的大字标题掌握运用burst n./vi 爆裂； 爆发 injure vt. 损害；伤害 shock v. （使）震惊；震动 trap vt. 使陷入困境；n.陷阱, 困境 n. 休克；打击；震惊 damage n/vt. ruin n. 废墟 vt. 毁灭,使破产rescue n./vt 援救；营救 bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 congratulation n. 祝贺；（复数）贺词express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；快递重点短语识记理解right away 立刻；马上 cut across 穿过；横穿 give out 筋疲力尽be proud of / take pride in think little of 不重视 as usual 像往常一样因而自豪 the number of 的数量 instead of 代替put up shelters 搭建避难所 in the open air 在户外 give a speech 作演讲 be pleased to do sth 乐意做某事 掌握运用as if 好像 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 dig out 掘出；发现at an end 结束；终结 a (great ) number of 许多；大量的 重点句型It seemed as if the world was at an end.All hope was not lost,Two thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.In the farmyards , the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.情景交际1. 谈论过去的经历It was terrible when It seemed as if I remember I felt No longer after that Luckily,2. 表达谢意I would like to express my thanks to who Here , I wish to express my thanks for the great efforts Id also like to thankNo words are strong enough to express our thanks to 重点语法定语从句I The Attributive Clause (I) ( that ,which ,who, whose )A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.Later that afternoon , another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Thangshan .The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400.000.结构化预习Extensive Reading A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP学习目标：通读课文理解文章内容，准确概括中心并能根据课文回答相关问题。问题导读：阅读理解（根据Reading内容选择答案）1. The title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN”T SLEEP” means _.A. the earth was wide awake all night long B. people on the earth couldnt fall asleep that night C. the earth kept on shaking like crazy that night D. animals on the earth would not sleep that night2. All the following unusual things happened in the countryside before the earthquake except that _.A. the water in the village wells rose and fellB. the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat C. tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again D. fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds 3. People in the city went to bed as usual that night because _.A. they thought it was not strange for water pipes to crack and burstB. they thought it was easy to experience an earthquake C. they thought sleeping was the most important thing no matter what would happen D. they could never imagine there would be an earthquake.4. According to the authors description , which of the following statements about the earthquake is NOT right?A. The whole nation felt it.B. Buildings were badly destroyed during it C. A large number of people lost their lives.D. The earthquake left many children orphans .( 孤儿) 5. What can we infer from the text?A. It was the greatest earthquake of the 20th century.B. Both the countryside and the city were badly destroyed by the earthquake.C. The city of Tangshan was shaken twice on July 28, 1976.D. The whole nation united to help Tangshan.重点难点： 阅读表达（根据Reading内容完成下列各题）1. We know the text is organized in time order and it can be divided into three parts. Whats the main idea of each part? (within 5 words for each part.)Part 1 Part2 Part3 2. Which sentence in the text is the closet in meaning to the following? However, all the citizens ignored the strange things and went to bed as if nothing had happened that night. 3. Translate the following sentence into Chinese. The sound of plants could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when on planes were in the sky. 4. What does “them” in paragraph3 refer to? 5. Why was water hard to get after the earthquake? 问题发现建构单：（1）阅读填空（根据Reading内容完成下面的表格）Some information about Tangshan EarthquakeThe time and place It happened on _1_ 28, 1976 in Tangshan Hebei Province.Something before the earthquake The water in the village _2_ rose and fell over and over. The well walls had deep _3_ in them and a smelly _4_ came out of them .Some _5_ became abnormal(不正常的_). The sound of planes could be heard and water pipes cracked and _6_.The damage of the earthquakeThe number of people killed or injured in the earthquake reached over _7_.Many people died or were _8_ and many children were left _9_ parents. Nearly everything was _10_.（2）短文填词（根据Reading内容将下面的短文补充完整）Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened .The well walls had deep cracks. A smelly gas came out of them. The water pipes cracked and burst .At 3:42 on the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to _1_. It seemed as if the world was _2_. _3_ burst from holes in the ground .Hard hills of rock became rivers of _4_. Soon the whole city lay in _5_. Many people died or were injured. Everything in the city was destroyed .People were _6_ at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to _7_ those who were _8_ and to _9_ the dead. Workers built shelters for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city. Thanks to the army, the city began to _10_ again.重难点突破 Intensive Reading 目标叙写1.读通课文，准确发音。2.熟练运用问题导学中的词汇和句型造句。3.掌握目标导航表格中的每一块内容。问题解决建构单：课文考点 精解1：It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！【句法分析】本句中as if 引导表语标语从句，表语从句使用了虚拟语气。as if 仿佛；好像The man with long hair looks as if he were an artist. He kept working as if nothing had happened.【典例剖析】【典例1】- Whats the matter with her car? - It looks _ the engine couldnt work.A. as if B. like C. as D. that at an end 结束；终结（在句中作表语） I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow. 【链接】bringto an end使终止 put an end to 使终止 come to an end 结束 end up with 以告终【典例2】The UN is to _ an end to the dispute between the two countries. Im sure the issue will _ an end soon.A. come; put C. come to ; bring B. put ; come D. bring ; come to2：Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。分数表达法：one fourth 四分之一 three fifths 五分之二 two thirds三分之二【典例剖析】【典例1】The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _used regularly .Now we have 60 working all day long.A. is B. are C. was D. were 主谓一致：分数/百分数+ of +名词More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.One fourth of the foreign teachers in our school are from Britain.考点三：shock v. & n. (1) v. = to make sb. feel very surprised and upset, and unable to believe what has happened 使震惊，使难以置信【搭配】be shocked at对感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事 It shocked sb. to see/hear看到/听到使某人震惊 (2) n. = an unexpected and unpleasant event, situation, or piece of news that surprises and upsets you震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事【搭配】be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是一个打击The news of his death came as a shock to us all.【典例剖析】【典例1】 It shocked me _ that he would go to the USA to marry an American girl.A. to hear B. hear C. heard D. hearing 【典例2】His death in a car accident was _, and we all got _.A. shocking; shocking B. shocked ; shockedC. shocking; shocked D. shocked ;shocking4：Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。trap vt. = to prevent sb from escaping from a dangerous place困住；使陷入危险【搭配】be trapped in困在.中，陷在.中 trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害/诱骗某人做某事 The guests were trapped in the fire. They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.5：All hope was not lost .部分否定 表示全体意义的代词，形容词或副词，如all，both，everything， everybody， everyone， always， wholly 等和否定副词not 连用时均表示部分否定，意为“并非都,并非总是”All bamboo doesnt grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall .并非所有的竹子都长得高。Both of them havent read this story. = Not both of them have read this story. 并非他们两个人都读过这个故事。Not every man is honest. = Every man is not honest. 并不是每个人都诚实。【典例剖析】 【典例】 Only three will be enough, so I neednt take _ of them. A. every B. none C. all D. any 6：The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。 bury vt. 1) to put someone who has died in a grave 埋葬 The never-married girl was buried beside her mothers grave. 2) to put sth. Under the earth, often in order to hide it 埋藏 The paper was buried under a pile of books. 【拓展】bury ones face /head in把脸/头伸到.里去 bury oneself in = be buried in 埋头于；专心于 【链接】“专心于，致力于”的多种表达法： devote oneself to = be devoted to 专心于；献身于 fix ones attention on/upon专心于，致力于 focus ones attention on/upon 集中注意力于 be lost in 陷入之中【典例】The scientist knew nothing about the matter , because he was always _ himself _ his study. A. burying; in B. devoting; in C. focusing; in D. concentrating; in 反思评价单元解决方案：一.听力锦囊妙计怎样把握听力试题中的人物关系?高考听力试题的对话部分经常要求判断说话双方的关系。要想正确判断说话双方的关系，考生必须善于抓住与说话者身份和职业相关的词。如：材料中出现的team exam, 就有可能有teacher/professor出现，或者人物间有teacher/professor与student的关系；对话中提到buy, change时，就有可能是salesman/salesgirl与 customer的关系；夫妻对话会用等字眼；父母对孩子说话可能会有等词。常见的人物关系有doctor and patient ; waiter /waitress and customer; salesman /salesgirl; driver and policeman; teacher/professor and student; husband and wife ;father/mother and son/daughter 等。畅所欲言表话题二.关于“讨论过去的经历”和“表达谢意”的常用语。（1）“讨论过去的经历”的常用语 It was terrible when 当 时候很糟糕 It seems as if 看起来好像 I remember 我记得 I felt 我感到 No longer after that 那以后不久就 Luckily 幸运的是(2) “表达谢意”的常用语 Thank you(very much ). (非常)感谢. Thanks a lot . 多谢. Many thanks. 多谢 Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助. I appreciate your help. 谢谢你的帮助 Thanks / Thank you for you listening. 谢谢(收听) Its very kind of you ( to help me). (帮了我的忙)你真是太好了. Its most thoughtful of you. . 你真是想得太周到了. I dont know how I can thank you enough. 我不知怎样感谢你才好I dont know what I should have done without your help.没有你的帮助我真不知道 怎么办Thank you all the same. 仍然要谢谢你.三.话题阅读技巧怎样把握文章的逻辑结构技巧借鉴:把握文章逻辑结构对于做主旨题很有帮助,因为文章主题出现的位置对于文章逻辑结构中的一部分.高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有:(1)时间顺序。即按时间先后说明某一理论的发展或某一研究成果由过去到现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段。(2)从一般到一般。首段作总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。(3)从具体到一般。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。(4)对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。(5)分类。分类说明的各大项相加为主题。了解了文章大致的逻辑结构，就能熟练地找到主题句从而为做好主旨题打好基础。附：课文翻译: 第四单元 地球的一个不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡甚至猪都紧张的不想吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。世界似乎到了末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处发生了。200千米以外的北京都感到了地震，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸汽。石头山变成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市变成了废墟。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。他们中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死伤的人数达到40多万。 幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？放眼望去，几乎一切都被毁了。所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、电和食物都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。 然而不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个有着万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。R = reporter M = man R: What was the first thing you remember? M:Oh, my goodness. It was about 5 oclock in the morning. I remember I woke up when I was _2_ out of the bed. When I tried to walk, the floor shook so hard that I fell. I felt terrified and rushed downstairs. R: What did you see _3_?M: Oh, I saw things I never want to see again. It seemed as if the end of the world came. People were crying, shouting and running everywhere. _4_ were falling down from some buildings while big ones were shakingLots of people were getting _5_ under bricks. There were great fires around us. It was terrible! R: Did you realize what was happening?M: No. I asked a man _6_next to me what happened. Before he could answer, some bricks fell on him and he was killed. R: That sounds frightening. Did you know where to find a safer place?M: Oh, no. _7_ I met a man who knew the way to a boat.R: So you got away easily?M: No, we didnt. It was _8_ because the streets had deep cracks. As we were carefully picking our way, some frightened cows rushed up Market Street and dropped into one of them. Ill never forget the _9_ they made. Some of them had broken their legs and others were climbing upon each other to get out. Horrible! R: How did you feel once youd left the city?M: Umm. I felt safer because we were being cared for. The soldiers saved us. They brought us water and food. Thanks to them many of us are still _10_!The keys: I.1.experience 2. thrown 3. outside 4. Bricks 5. buried 6. standing 7. Luckily 8. difficult 9. noise 10. alive II.1. July 2. wells 3. cracks 4. gas 5. animals 6. burst 7. 400,000 8. injured 9. without 10. destroyed III .1. shake 2. at an end 3. Steam 4. dirt 5.ruins 6. shock 7. dig out 8. trapped 9. bury 10. breathe
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