《主谓致讲座》PPT课件.ppt

英语语法系列讲座,主谓一致,一致,主谓一致,句式结构与意义的一致,代词指代关系一致,名词数与格的一致,行文逻辑一致,时态一致,语法一致原则 1/10,(1) 单数主语即使后面带有由 with; along with; together with; like; but; except; besides; as well as; more than; no less than; rather than; including; in addition to，或者非谓语动词等引导的短语，无论短语的意义是复数还是单数，它是用来修饰前面的单数主语的， 谓语动词始终用单数。,Air as well as water is matter.,The teacher together with 5 students is from Tongzhou District.,The singer followed by hundreds of fans is from Xian.,语法一致原则 2/10,(2) 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是指同一个人，同一个事，或者同一个概念，谓语动词用单数。And后面的名词没有冠词。,A knife and fork is on the table.,The poet and writer has come.( 指同一个人),My mother and doctor pays too much attention to my study. ( 指同一个人),Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me this money. ( 指同一个人),语法一致原则 3/10,(3) 用单个不定式（短语），或动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Saving the people is my great happiness.,When and where to hold the meeting hasnt been decided.,语法一致原则 4/10,(4) 用 and连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。,(5) each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词 +each，谓语动词用复数。如,Each of us has something to say.,Every boy and every girl is here.,We each have something to say.,语法一致原则 5/10,(6) None 作主语，谓语可用单数，也可用复数。但 当None指代不可数概念时，谓语动词用单数。,None of us is(are) perfect.,None of this worries me.,语法一致原则 6/10,(7) 名词如 trousers，scissors ,clothes, goods,glasses, 等作主语，谓语用复数。,My trousers are new.,The scissors are sharp.,His clothes are good.,语法一致原则 7/10,(8) 形复意单的名词如 news, means,类似physics, mathematics, economics等以ics结尾的学科名词， 以及由复数形式普通名词构成的专有名词如 the United States, the United Union, the New Times, Arabian Nights, 等作主语，谓语用单数。,The news sounds exciting.,Arabian Nights is worth reading,语法一致原则 8/10,(9) “a +名词+ and a half ”，“one and a half + 名词”， “the number of +名词” 等作主语时，谓语用单数。,The number of the wild animals here decreases sharply.,One and a half apple has gone bad.,A number of the wild animals here are dangerous.,语法一致原则 9/10,(10) 百分数或分数+of +单数可数名词(或不可数名词) 谓语用单数; 百分数或分数+of +复数名词，谓语 用复数。,Fifty percent of the students are from Tongzhou District.,Thirty percent of the water in the lake has been polluted .,语法一致原则 10/10,More than one person here has been infected with the disease.,(11)由more than one , many a 修饰单数名词,the num-ber of修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数.,The number of mistakes was surprising. 注意: a number of修饰主语，谓语用复数.,注意: more +复数名词 +than one +和 more than one +单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者谓语用作复数，后者谓语用作单数。,More students than one were punished. More than one student was punished.,Many a student was punished. Many students were punished.,意义一致原则 1/9,不定代词all, most,some,或 the rest; the remainder等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于他们所指代的名词。,Most of the apples were eaten by them.,Most of the apple is rotten.,意义一致原则 2/9,(2)“the +形容词（分词）” ， “the +形容词比较级（最高级）”， 表示一类人谓语动词用复数，表概念或单个人，谓语动词用单数。,The rich are always the advocator of good manners.,The richer is Tom and the richest is Jake.,The kind is desired by everyone.,意义一致原则 3/9,(3)两个习惯上被看成一个概念用and连接的名词(包括两个不定式、两个动名词)，例如，bread and butter; knife and fork;war and peace; whisky and soda; a cart and a horse; a watch and chain; time and tide岁月 作主语，谓语动词用单数。,Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.,War and peace is a constant theme in history.,To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.,意义一致原则 4/9,A part of the textbooks have arrived.,(4) 不定数量的词组，如 part of; a lot of; lots of等修饰名词做主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数。,A part of the apple has been eaten up by the mouse.,意义一致原则 5/9,Ten miles is a good distance.,(5) 表示时间, 距离, 金钱, 度量等名词做主语时, 意义上是单数概念, 谓语动词选用单数形式.,One thousand dollars is a drop in the ocean for him.,Two weeks is enough for such a job.,When well go out for an outing has been decided.,意义一致原则 6/9,What they need are more people.,(6)从句作主语时，通常表示单数概念，谓语动词常用单数, 但所指内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。,What he says and what he does do not agree.,What we need is more time.,(7) 某些集体名词,如 family, team, class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, population, audience, committee, crew, 作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。,His family was a big family.,His family all love music.,The population in China is very large, and eighty of the population in China are farmers.,意义一致原则 7/9,意义一致原则 8/9,The police wear the black in winter.,(8) 英语中，一些表示总称意义的名词，如：police，people，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。,Some people spend a lot of money on clothes.,Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.,意义一致原则 9/9,(9) 名词所有格作主语, 是它之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等.作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。,但是，如果它指的是商店,则谓语动词用复数。,My uncles is not far from here .,Richardsons have a lot of imported goods.,就近一致原则,One or perhaps more pages are missing.,Are you or he to drive ?,即谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。,Either the girl or the boy is in Canada.,Neither he nor I know the answer.,Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.,Was she or you there ?,考查重点1-主谓一致在倒装句中,在here, there, where引导的倒装句中,有时主语不止一个, 此时谓语动词的单复数取决于和它临近的部分.,Here are two apples and an orange for you.,Here is an orange and two apples for you.,Where is your wife and children to stay when you are away?,Where are your children and your wife to stay when you away?,考查重点2-主谓一致在定语从句中,在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which 引导的定语从句”结构中, one前有the only修饰时,从句谓语用单数形式, one前没有the only修饰时,从句谓语用复数形式.,He is the only one of the officers who has been invited to the party.,He is one of the officers who have been invited to the party.,重点考查3-在kind/sort/type of 的结构中,A kind of + 名词(无论单复)做主语, 谓语均为单数.,There is a kind of rose in the garden fills the air with fragrance.,The kind of men annoys me.= Men of this kind annoy me.,如果kind of 之前的修饰词和之后的名词均为复数形式, 谓语要用复数.,These kind of tests are good.,What kind of + 名词+ 单谓; What kinds of + 名词+ 复谓;,What kind of cherry tree flourishes best in this region?,What kinds of cherry tree flourish best in this region?,