as柴油打桩机施工方法和技术措施

一、施工方法及要求（一）施工方法依据设计要求、桩基施工的相关规范规定、场地工程地质条件以及施工经验，采用柴油打桩机打入预应力混凝土管桩施工工艺，并在施工中充分发挥本公司在管理及技术上的优势，积极推广应用科技成果，采用成熟的施工工艺，以先进的技术和有效的管理，严格履行施工合同，优质、高效的完成工程施工任务。（二）施工要求1 管桩的吊运与堆放1.1 管桩出厂前应作出厂检查，其规格、批号、制作日期应符合所属的验收批号内容，合格后方可出厂。1.2管桩吊装宜采用两支点法或两头勾吊法。装卸轻起轻放，严禁抛掷、碰撞、滚落。在吊运过程中应轻吊轻放，避免剧烈碰撞。1.3管桩堆放场地应平整坚实。1.4管桩应按不同的规格、长度及施工流水顺序分别堆放。1.5当场地条件许可时，管桩应单层堆放；当叠层堆放时，管桩不宜超过4层。1.6叠层堆放管桩时，应在垂直管桩长度方向的地面上设置2道垫木，并分别距桩端0.21L处，在底层管桩处采取措施防止管桩滚动。1.7管桩叠层堆放超过2层时，应用吊机取桩，严禁拖拉取桩；当堆放不超过2层时，可采用拖拉取桩时，桩的拖地端应用废轮胎等弹性材料保护，确保桩端的完好；不宜用三点支撑履带自行式柴油打桩机拖拉取桩。（三）技术措施1测量放桩位根据施工顺序，用全站仪定位放线，根据轴线测量出桩位，复核准确并复核其相邻的关系，在打每一根桩时，再重新复查准确，使桩位偏差控制在5mm以内，并用短木桩或短钢筋打好定位桩，同时用白灰做出标志，便于施工。2桩机就位：打桩机的指挥人员根据施放准确的白色桩位，指挥桩机就位。3桩落位：由当班施工员和桩工扶桩就位，不得自由落位。4双向控制垂直度：在打桩机附近10至15米两侧呈90方向，设置钢支架吊线锤，由施工（质检）员和打桩指挥同时观测被打桩桩段两个不同方向的边缘，指挥调整桩机，控制桩的垂直度误差0.5%。确认桩段两个不同方向为垂直状态后，才能进行打桩。5接桩： 端板电焊接头：当下节桩段沉至离地面0.8m左右时，即吊上节桩与其调齐，调齐要求双向控制垂直度（方法同上），管桩端板对齐确认被压桩桩段两个不同方向为垂直状态后，用电焊在管桩周边四个不同方向点焊，管桩对接前，上下端板表面应用铁刷子清刷干净，坡口处应刷至露出金属光泽才能采用电焊焊接桩端，采用二氧化碳气体保护焊，沿上下桩端板缝分层焊接。采用二氧化碳气体保护焊，接桩后应冷却12分钟，才能进行压桩施工。6打桩终止条件：每根桩达到贯入度要求，桩尖标高进入持力层，满足设计标高时，打桩可以终止。五、施工准备（一）现场平面布置根据现场条件，为既能做到文明施工，又能满足施工需要，本着经济实用，合理有序，安全可靠的原则，进场后我们根据实际需要，对整个施工现场进行精心安排，合理布置。（二）施工用水、电1、临时用水施工现场职工生活用水及施工用水由业主提供，水源接点装表计量进入生产及生活区。施工场地排水利用地面自然坡度和排水明沟；临时厕所污水排入化粪池后就近排入市政排水管网。2、临时用电（1）临时用电设施严格按照施工现场临时用电安全技术规范（JGJ 46-88）设置和使用，并按照省、市的有关部门规定进行调整。 所有接至设备开关箱的电缆均用三相五芯橡套电缆，并根据需要进行合理匹配，电缆室外埋地70cm，如与其他交叉，临时埋地管线要合理交叉，室内绝缘架空铺设。 落实三级配电、二级保护原则，实施“一机一闸一保护”，接要求定做标准切换箱、配电箱、开关箱，设锁由专职电工负责管理。 接地接零采用TN-S接零保护系统，对设备作防雷保护。接地接零定期测试，并作好测试记录。 临时用电所有材料均选用合格厂家的产品，并保留有关证明，防止使用不合格产品而遗留隐患。（2）现场施工用电统一从总配电箱接电，内设100A漏电保护器及200A空断开关。场内分区设立配电箱，内设60A漏电保护器，两个出线开关及30A漏电保护器加5个插座。（3）潜水泵负荷线采用YHS型专用防水橡皮护套电缆，空压机装防溅型漏电保护器，负荷线采用耐气候型的橡皮护套铜芯电缆。（4）施工场地内的电线、电缆、场地周边的在空中架设，场地内的需用钢筋做的支撑架起来，特别注意接头部位，防止车辆碾压。指派专人负责管线及设施的处理、加固。（三）机具设备根据施工需要及施工进度计划，我们将有组织地提前做好各种机械器具及周转材料的进场，以满足优质、高效的施工生产需要。主要机械设备有：柴油打桩机、电焊机、起重机、氧割工具等，详见材料设备表。（四）材料计划根据现场实际需要，材料要有计划的进场。（五）其它准备工作1、接收甲方发送的以下资料：（1）桩基工程施工设计图及技术交底；（2）建筑场地内地下管线、地下构筑物分布状况的调查资料；（3）建筑场地工程地质及水文地质资料；（4）红线桩和水准点位，以及相关的正式书面资料。2、参加图纸会审，提交图纸会审纪要，作为施工依据。3、组织相关人员学习、了解桩基工程施工设计图内容和技术要求，分专业、工种详细进行技术交底。4、编制施工组织设计，结合工程特点，施工中可能存在的不利因素，有针对性地制定相应质量管理措施，报甲方、监理部门审批。5、桩基施工用的临时设施，如供水、供电、道路、排水、临设房屋等，在开工前准备就绪，施工场地进行平整处理。6、按红线位置和桩位设计平面图进行测量放线，建立施工测站网系统，分别实测轴线控制点和桩孔的位置；轴线控制点应设在不受施工影响的地方，予以妥善保护。桩位应定位放样准确，轴线控制点和桩位允许偏差分别为10mm、20mm。测量放线成果应报甲方、监理部门验收。7、施工前应作好钢筋、砼及管桩等原材料的检验工作。8、按工程需要组织现场管理和施工人员进驻场地；调配所需机械设备、工具，材料进场（原材料可按工程进度分期、分批进料）；机械设备应安设就位，并进行调试，试运转。六、施工布署及管理（一）施工布署根据本工程特点，在认真分析研究的基础上，提前作好各项施工准备，进场后分批开工，分批流水作业施工。机具、设备、周转材料、工程材料、施工操作人员，按此布署计划、调配，确保优质、高速、安全地完成任务。（二）施工管理目标质量目标：工程质量按国家现行有关质量验收规范，一次验收合格。I类桩达85%以上，严禁出现III类桩。确保工程总体质量达到优良，为黄鹤杯或楚天杯打下基础。安全目标：严格执行建筑施工有关的安全规范、规程，轻伤频率控制在允许范围内，杜绝重大安全事故。工期目标：加强各工序的协调和配合，提高施工效率，保证实现合同工期，确保在规定的工作日内完成任务。文明施工目标：平面布置合理，材料堆放整齐，不污染场地道路，不乱排放泥水、泥浆。严格按市政府有关文件执行，争创文明样板工地。（三）施工组织机构本工程将作为我公司的一个重点工程，必须确保高速优质、安全高效圆满完成任务。为此，我们将组织精兵强将进行现场管理，公司项目经理任总指挥长负责整个工程的协调工作，负责现场的施工生产、质量安全；公司技术骨干任施工技术负责人，负责本工程的技术和质量管理工作。项目经理部下设技术、质量、安全、材料等职能部门。项目经理部对工程进度、质量、安全、现场文明施工等方面进行全面管理，严格按照项目法和ISO9001标准进行施工，采用“专人负责，目标管理”的工作原则，以“质量求生存，管理求效益”的精神，确保工程管理目标的实现。在劳动力的安排上，选派我公司施工过类似工程的人员参加此项目的施工。项目经理技术负责人 资料员质检员材料员施工员安全员 机 台项目部主要管理人员职责分配表序号职务职 责01项目经理全面组织管理，贯彻执行保证工程质量的规定、规程、制度和措施落实，对质量、安全、文明施工,成本、工期负责02项目副经理协助项目经理全面组织管理，贯彻执行保证工程质量的规定、规程、制度和措施落实，对质量、安全、文明施工,成本、工期负责03技术负责人协助项目经理，对工程技术、质量管理工作全面负责，负责图纸会审，技术交底及其内容落实，主持质量检查，评定活动04施工技术员协助项目经理,技术负责人对工程技术、质量管理工作负责，对图纸会审，技术交底及其内容落实，参加质量检查，评定活动： 05资料员落实预防不合格产品的措施，组织质量评定、检查及测试，对不合格品进行处理预防06安全员协助项目经理抓安全管理，落实安全用电，机械操作制度落实，提出预防安全事故的措施07材料员合理安排施工材料的供应，核定材料的数量，检查材料的质量七、施工工艺及方法（一）柴油打桩机打入管桩施工方法1）、施工工艺测量桩位桩机就位起吊预制桩稳桩桩身对中调直打桩接桩送桩中间检查验收移桩机至下一个桩位。2）、施工方法1、施工控制网的建立根据场地周围道路上的城市控制点，向场内引测导线，导线点沿拟建物周边布设。导线的测量按一级导线网的精度要求进行。高程控制网以甲供水准点，向场内引测，在场内四周地层稳定之处布设水准点，使用高精度水准仪按闭合水准线路进行测定。2、施工放样根据现场导线点，利用极坐标法测定出轴线定位点，架设经纬仪，根据轴线方位角放样出主轴线，在场地周围测定出轴线桩，并在场地外固定出引测桩。3、高程控制根据场内的水准点向建筑物主体上引测0.00mm标高，对场内的水准点要定期复测其高程，防止因高程基准变化造成送桩施工误差。4、构件验收 （1）、桩身成品混凝土不得有内离析现象；外表应平整、密实、不得有蜂窝麻面、裂缝(内壁因养护而产生的干缩裂缝除外)，端面应平整，混凝土不得高出接头端面；预应力筋不允许断筋、脱头；合缝及包箍处不允许漏浆，内表面不得剥落后露筋。（2）、构件验收时具有下列资料、原材料质量合格证及检测报告、钢筋及对焊接头的试验报告、预应力钢筋的冷拉和张拉记录、混凝土试块强度报告，桩体外观检查记录，桩体和桩接头力学性能检查报告。（3）、管桩出厂，应有出厂合格证，将制造厂的厂名、制造日期、产品外径和长度打印在桩端1.5米范围内。5、试桩根据设计要求，开工前应先做试桩。试桩时，根据设计单位指定的桩位进行试桩。试桩前，必须向设计单位提供桩机型号、0.000高程、打桩自然地坪高程、桩规格长度，试桩必须按设计依桩长、 打桩力双控要求，如达不到要求，必须调整直至满足设计要求为止，并且必须通知有关人到现场，根据试桩情况，商定工程桩控制方法及标准，确定施工参数后，方可进行工程桩施工。6、打桩施工1测量桩位2.桩机就位：打桩机就位时，应对准桩位，保证垂直稳定，在施工中不发生倾斜、移动。3.起吊预制桩：先拴好吊桩用的钢丝绳和索具；然后应用索具捆住桩上端吊环附近处，一般不宜超过30cm，再起动机器起吊预制桩，使桩尖垂直对准桩位中心，缓缓放下插入土中，位置要准确，垂直度偏差不得超过0.5%；再在桩顶扣好桩帽或桩箍，即可除去索具。4.稳桩。桩尖插入桩位后，先用较小的落距锤击12次，桩入土一定深度，再使桩垂直稳定。10m以内短桩可目测或用线坠双向校正；10m以上或打接桩必须用线坠或经纬仪双向校正，不得用目测。桩插入时垂直度偏差不得超过0.5%。桩在打入前，应在桩的侧面或桩架上设置标尺，以便在施工中观测、记录。5.打桩：用落锤或单动锤打桩时，锤的最大落距不宜超过1.0m。；用柴油锤打桩时，应使锤跳动正常。5.1打桩宜重锤低击，锤重的选择应根据工程地质条件、桩的类型、结构、密集程度及施工条件来选用。5.2打桩顺序根据基础的设计标高，先深后浅；依桩的规格宜先大后小，先长后短。由于桩的密集程度不同，可自中间向两个方向对称进行或向四周进行；也可由一侧向单一方向进行。6.接桩6.1分段桩采用焊接接桩时，其预制桩表面上的预埋件应清洁，上下节之间的间隙应用铁片垫实焊牢；焊接时，应采取措施，减少焊缝变形，焊缝应连续焊满。6.2接桩应在穿过硬土层后且在距地面lm左右时进行。上下节桩的中心线偏差不得大于5mm，节点弯曲矢高不得大于l桩长，且不大于20mm。6.3接桩处入土前，应对外露铁件，再次补刷防腐漆。7.送桩：设计要求送桩时，则送桩的中心线应与桩身吻合一致，才能进行送桩。若桩顶不平，可用麻袋或厚纸垫平。送桩留下的桩孔应立即回填密实。8.检查验收：每根桩打到贯入度要求，桩尖标高进入持力层，接近设计标高时，或打至设计标高时，应进行中间验收。在控制时，一般要求最后三次锤击的平均贯入度，不大于规定的数值，或以桩尖打至设计标高来控制，符合设计要求后，填好施工记录。如发现桩位与要求相差较大时，应会同有关单位研究处理。然后移桩机到新桩位。9.打桩过程中，遇见下列情况应暂停，并及时与有关单位研究处理：9.1贯入度剧变；9.2桩身突然发生倾斜、位移或有严重回弹；9.3桩顶或桩身出现严重裂缝或破碎。10.待全部桩打完后，开挖至设计标高，做最后检查验收。7、施工注意事项1.预制桩必须提前定货加工，打桩时预制桩强度必须达到设计强度后方准施打。2.桩身断裂。由于桩身弯曲过大、强度不足及地下有障碍物等原因造成，或桩在堆放、起吊、运输过程中产生断裂，没有发现而致。应及时检查。3.桩顶碎裂。由于桩顶强度不够及钢筋网片不足、主筋距桩顶面大小，或桩顶不平、施工机具选择不当等原因所造成。应加强施工准备时的检查。4.桩身倾斜。由于场地不平、打桩机底盘不水平或稳桩不垂直、桩尖在地下遇见硬物等原因所造成。应严格按工艺操作规定执行。5.接桩处拉脱开裂。连接处表面不干净、连接铁件不平、焊接质量不符合要求、接桩上下中心线不在同一条线上等原因所造成。应保证接桩的质量。（二）管桩与承台的连接1、待桩基施工完毕并经过验收合格后，方可进行承台施工。2、管桩与承台的连接： 当管桩顶标高满足设计标高时，管桩与承台的连接按图集04ZG207第21页详图施工；若管桩顶标高高于设计标高时，按截桩的要求进行截桩至设计标高，管桩与承台的连接按图集04ZG207第20页详图施工；若管桩顶标高低于设计标高时，按接桩的要求进行接桩至设计标高，按图集04ZG207第22页详图施工。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Par