书信作文的写作方法

一 议论文的写法议论文分三段：引言段（开头点题），正文段，结论段1. 引言段的常用写作方法1） 话题式，现象法With the development of the society, / With the development of modern life, / With the development of science and technology, / With the improvement of peoples living standard, an increasing number of people have become aware of the importance of Recently, the issue(问题) of has become increasingly controversial(引起争论的，有争议的).Nowadays, a large number of students have become concerned about 2） 提问式Have you ever taken a part-time job? What are the advantages of college students holding part-time jobs? As to these questions, different students may hold totally different idea. .3) 应用名言、谚语法 There is an old English saying which goes “No pains, no gains.” It illustrates the importance of hard work in the process of success. In other words, diligence is a key factor to success.1、 正文段的三种常见模式模式一：利弊型常用写法一： Doing something has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of doing something can be illustrated from the following. To begin with, Secondly, Last but not least, However there are also some disadvantages of doing something. First of all, Another disadvantage is In addition, （49 words）常用写法二： There are several advantages of doing something. In the first place, In the second place, Whats more, However just as everything has two sides, doing something may also cause/bring some problems. For one thing, For another, Furthermore, 模式二：两种观点型常用写法一： When it comes to , different people may have different ideas. Some people think . While others disagree. They hold the opinion that 常用写法二： As far as (doing) something is concerned, people hold various ideas. There are some people who believe , while there are also many others who take an opposite side. They firmly believe 模式三：问题型，即提出问题分析问题解决问题模式分析问题的常用句型：There are many reasons why . Firstly, Secondly, Finally, The existence of the problem of can be attributed to the following main reasons. First of all, More importantly, Most important of all The serious problem of has caused a series of bad consequences/ results. has/had exerted a lot of harmful influences/effects on It is extremely necessary for people/ students to do It is of great importance to do解决问题的常用句型 To deal with this problem successfully, the government (the department concerned) has taken many effective measures. Various measures (steps/ actions) should be taken to handle the problem of The following measures can be adopted (carried out) to cope with the problem of There are many means through which college students can get to know the society. 2、 文章结尾的常用写作方法1） 重申主题法In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health. In good health, we can absorb knowledge more readily. In good health, we can achieve more success and make more contributions to our country.2） 总结（结论）法In short, the advantages of traveling outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, lets go traveling when we have the time, enjoying the beautiful scenery and broadening our horizon as well3） 发表个人看法，总结全文In my opinion, we should learn not only how to use the computer but also how to use it properly.4） 引言结论法True friendship cannot be bought with money. The proverb “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is really true.5） 反问结尾法Dont you think it is high time that we took effective actions to fight against fake commodities in the market.Dont you agree with my idea that a test of oral English should be included in CET-4 and 6?6） 提倡号召法Lets join in our efforts to fight against the fake commodities and protect the interests of our people and our nation.Lets spare no efforts to protect our environment from being further damaged and save our planet.Sample (1993年1月CET六级作文题目)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: Motorcycles and City Traffic. You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese): 1.近年来中国城市中的摩托车 2.摩托车的优点和缺点 3.你对我国城市中摩托车发展前景的看法 Motorcycles and City TrafficNowadays, motorcycles are popular around us. They have be come an important means of transport in Chinese cities. Compared with the bike and the car, the motorcycle has its own advantages. First, it is quite flexible. When there is a traffic jam, it can go through the cars that are held up in the street. Besides, it doesnt consume much petrol. Most important of all, it can carry another person at the back. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, its very complicated to get qualified for riding a motorcycle. Youll have to go through a series of procedures to get a riding license. Furthermore, the maintenance is expensive. Worst of all, it costs a big sum of money to pay for the license plate, especially in Shanghai. In conclusion, it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. However, if the authorities concerned simplify the procedures and reduce the cost of the license plate, the motorcycle will be accepted by more people. 一、 图表文的写法 写作方法分三段：引言段，正文段，结论段引言段：引出话题、说明图表所反应的总体情况正文段：对具体数据进行分析比较，归纳出增减速度发展趋势和原因等结论段：对图表所反应的主题发表评论（个人看法、展望、预测等）惯用词汇： 名词：table, diagram, graph, chart 动词：show, demonstrate, indicate 数据/数字：statistics, rate, speed, percentage, figure 升降变化：increase, rise, go up, soar, be on the risedecrease, reduce, decline, drop, go down, fall down, be on the declinefluctuate 变化幅度：slowly, sharply, drastically, dramatically, approximately惯用表达和句型： As can be seen from the table, Take a careful look at the table, and we will find The number increases from to (by ) From the table/ graph, it is obvious/ apparent that the number of has been on the rise/ decline over the past (five) years.Sample （2002年6月 四级作文）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below: 1. 上图所示为 1990 年、 1995 年、 2000 年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因 ( 可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明 ) ；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。 Student Use of Computers As the chart shows, from year 1990, the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has sharply increased. In 1990, students only spent less than 2 hours on computer work while they spent almost 20 hours on it per week now. That means computer plays a more important role in our daily life than ever before. Why has computer become so popular? The reasons depend on many things. Firstly, computer has been greatly improved these years. It can do many works. Secondly it has become cheaper and cheaper so that most students can afford it. Thirdly, computers are used in many areas, from factory to companies, from hospitals to schools, so we should grasp how to use computers. Also there are many problems for us in using computer. For instance, some students spent too much time on playing pc games that would affect their study. So we should learn not only how to use computer but also how to use it properly.二、 书信作文的写作方法开头：介绍写作的原因和目的正文：写信的具体内容结尾：感激、期盼的话或再次提醒开头常用语：(1) Informal/ personal lettersI am very glad to have received your letter dated (June 1st, 2007)Please pardon me for not answering your letter immediately.Your letter dated gave me much pleasure.I am happy to know from your last letter that (2) Formal lettersI am writing to make a complaint to you about （投诉信）I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for （感谢信）I am writing to apologize for （道歉信）I am writing to apply for （求职/申请信）I am writing to inquire about （询问信）I am writing to recommend （推荐信）结尾常用语 (1) Informal/ personal lettersHoping to hear from you soon. Awaiting your reply. With best regards (2) Formal letters Thank you for your time and consideration. Thank you for considering my application favorable. I appreciate your considering me favorably and granting me an interview.Sample (2001年6月CET四级作文题目) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1. 表示欢迎 2. 提出对度假安排的建议 3. 提醒应注意的事项 A letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, _Yours, Zhang Ying Im delighted to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long vacation. My parents will also be happy to see you again. Im sure you will enjoy every minute here. I know you are fond of swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and refreshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play CDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of the mountain, we can have a wonderful bird-eye view of the whole village. Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. Ill prepare everything for you. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.