艺考生课程——语法 第四十三讲 非谓语动词

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第四十三讲非谓语动词动名词适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点动名词一般式的主动形式动名词完成式的主动形式动名词一般式的被动形式动名词完成式的被动形式动名词作主语动名词作表语动名词作宾语动名词作定语动名词的否定结构只能接动名词的动词教学目标知识：熟悉非谓语动词中动名词的灵活运用方法。方法：分析动名词在句子中所充当的不同成分。能力：提升学生的语言运用能力，规范动名词在句子中的正确使用。教学重点动名词充当句子中的主语、宾语、定语和表语教学难点动名词作句子中的主语或宾语教学过程一、课堂导入1、让学生思考什么是动名词？由动词变成的名词？动名词的词性到底是动词还是名词？2、导入动名词的定义：动名词是非谓语动词的一种。动名词既具有动词的一些特征、有时态语态变化，又具有名词的句法功能，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。二、复习预习1、教师引导学生复习上节课所学的重点内容：非谓语动词中的不定式，并采用提问的方式将上节课的重难点进行复习和巩固记忆。1）不定式的构成形式是什么？2）不定式作状语有哪三种不同的情况？2、针对上节课的课后作业进行订正、讲评、答疑，将集中出错的地方进行分析和进一步讲解。三、知识讲解知识点 1：动名词的形式：动名词肯定式：v-ing 否定式：not + v-ing逻辑主语：物主代词（有时用宾格代替）、名词所有格（有时用名词普通格）以do为例，动名词的构成如下： 时态 语态主动语态被动语态一般式（和谓语动词同时发生）doingbeing done完成式（在谓语动词发生之前）having donehaving been done例如：1. He forgot being taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old。（宾语、被动式）2. His not being praised upsets him a lot.（主语、被动式）3. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. （表语）4. He cant walk without a walking stick.（定语）知识点 2：动名词的句法功能（1）作主语 例如：Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集邮是我的爱好。注意：动名词短语作句子主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语动名词置于句后，例如：It is dangerous travelling in that way. 用那种方式旅游是件冒险的事情。【易错点】常用句式有：1、It is + no use/good/fun + doing sth.2、It is + a waste of time/money + doing sth. 例如：It is no use playing computer games. 玩电脑游戏是没用的。It is a waste of time discussing that question again and again. 反复讨论那个问题是浪费时间的。（2）作宾语：动名词的习惯用法【易错点1】要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit, deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁）, preventkeepstop(from), protectfrom, set about（着手做）, be engaged in（沉迷于）, spend(in), succeed in, be used to（习惯于）, look forward to, object to（反对）, pay attention to, insist on, feel like（喜欢）, have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth, have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth【易错点2】主动形式表被动含义：sb sth. + want / need / require / be worth + doing 此处的doing = to be done例如：The boy needs taking good care of. 这个男孩需要人照顾。= The boy needs to be taken good care of .（3）作定语： 动名词作定语，表示所修饰名词的功能或作用。例如：a walking stick 拐杖a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（4）作表语： 动名词作表语表示对主语的解释或者说明，通常可以和主语互换位置。例如：My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。我们也可以说：Collecting stamps is my hobby. 集邮是我的爱好。四、例题精析【例题1】Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great helpATo have had BHaving had CHaveDHaving【答案】D【解析】Having the answers ready是动名词在句中作主语的用法。【例题2】Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.AlivingBto live Cto be living Dhaving lived【答案】A【解析】本句考查动名词作宾语。try doing sth意为“试着做某事”。【例题3】I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. AsailBto sailCsailingDto have sailed【答案】C【解析】imagine Peter sailing是动词imagine加动名词复合结构。【例题4】You were brave enough to raise objections（反对）at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving done【答案】D【解析】由题意可知现在我后悔做过那件事了，regret后接动名词表示后悔做过某事。五、课堂运用【基础】1、_ a wet football can hurt your foot if you are not careful. AKicking BKickedCHaving kicked DKick【答案】A【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意为：在湿滑的地面上踢足球如果你不小心可能会伤到你的脚。2、_ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.AExaminingBExaminedCBeing examinedDHaving been examined【答案】C【解析】句中缺少的是主语，过去分词不作主语，故排除B项；从整个句子意思来看examine需要用被动式且用其一般式即可。3、When he knocked at the door, my mother was busy _ supper.Apreparing for Bin preparingCto prepare forDto prepare【答案】B【解析】“be busy (in) doing something”表示忙于干某事，要求接动词的-ing形式。准备的直接宾语是 “supper”，故其前面不用介词for。【巩固】1、How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden？Ato take BtakeCtakingDto be taking【答案】C【解析】the two of us taking是动词take的动名词复合结构。2、People appreciate _with him because he has a good sense of humor.Ato workBto have workedCworkingDhave working【答案】C【解析】appreciate后面接动名词作宾语。3、Something as simple as_ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.Ato drinkBdrinkingCto be drinkingDdrunk【答案】B【解析】考查动名词作主语的用法。句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主语，谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语，但在此题中有asas结构，所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。答案是B项。4、The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.ArecognizingBbeing recognizedChaving recognizedDhaving been recognized【答案】B【解析】考查动名词的被动式。句意：那位电影明星戴上墨镜。所以，他去买东西不会被认出来。此处without是介词，其后用动名词，这里意为被认出来，故用动名词的被动式。【拔高】1、Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been finedBto have been finedCto be finedDbeing fined【答案】D【解析】escape后面接doing的形式，且主语Mark和fine为被动关系，因此用动名词的被动语态。2、_ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.AUnderstandingBTo be understoodCBeing understoodDHaving understood【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式，故选A。3、 Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice!Ato takeBtakingCnot to takeDnot taking【答案】D【解析】动词regret后面加上动名词，表示对所发生的情况表示遗憾或后悔。根据句意，我后悔的事情是没有采取他的建议，所以选择动名词的否定。课程小结 本节课重点学习了非谓语动词中有关动名词的语法知识，旨在让学生们在单项选择中以及写作中能够掌握动名词使用的要领，尤其是动名词充当句子中的主语或宾语。动词的使用是英语当中最复杂的内容，所以能够正确使用动词衍生而来的动名词也就解决了动词使用中的一部分难题。学生需要通过课上以及课后的练习巩固对本部分内容的认识。课后作业【基础】1. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.Aneed repairingBneeds to repair Cneeds repairingDneed to repair【答案】A【解析】two-thirds of作主语时，其后谓语应用复数，故可排除选项B和C。另外，由于动词need后接动名词时是用主动表被动，而接不定式时则用被动式表示被动，故此题答案应选A，不能选D。但是，若将D改为need to be repaired则也可以选。2. What does the teacher suggest _ when we make a mistake？AdoBto doCdoingDdid【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。what 是do 的宾语，这里构成了suggest doing sth.的结构。句意为：当我们犯错误的时候，老师建议我们怎么做呢？3. Was it _ the international conference that made the city the focus of this area?Ato hold Bhold Cheld Dholding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：是国际会议的举行使这个城市成为这个地区的焦点吗？本句为强调句，强调的是主语，所以用动名词做主语。【巩固】1. _ by beautiful green mountains and situated at the foot of Huangshan Mountain makes Tai Ping Lake a famous tourist attraction.ASurroundedBBeing surroundedCHaving been surroundedDSurrounding【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。作主语，要用动名词形式，由语境可知，这里指的是Tai Ping Lake被青山环绕，所以用being done结构。2. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _ here.Apeople smokingBpeople smokeCto smokeDsmoking【答案】D【解析】动词allow后接动词作宾语时，习惯上只能是动名词，不能是不定式；但若其后接有sb，则sb后要接不定式，不接动名词。也就是说它的两个常用句型是：allow doing sth和allow sb to do sth。3. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.AlockingBto lock Chaving locked Dto have locked【答案】A【解析】remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，如果选择B，这与后面的before I left the office是相矛盾的，只能选择答案A、C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。4. In the beginning, the man refused to say anything about the lost car, but he had to admit _ it because of the solid proofs.Astolen BstealingCto steal Dto have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。admit doing sth承认做某事。故B正确。【拔高】1. Have you finished _ your composition? It is time to hand it in.Not yet, I _ it the whole morning, but it is so hard that I only finished half of it.Awriting; had written Bwrite; wroteCwritten; was written Dwriting; have been writing【答案】D【解析】考查动词用法和时态。finish doing sth完成某事。第二空后的时间状语是the whole morning整个上午，指整个上午我一直在写作文，强调动作的持续性和反复性。故使用现在完成进行时。综合D正确。2. Congratulations on your _ as the leader of our office.AappointBappointmentCbeing appointedDappointed【答案】C【解析】考查动名词短语的被动形式，appoint与you构成被动关系，但是这里要用动名词形式。句意是：祝贺你被任命为我们办公室的领导。故答案为C项。3. David got well-prepared for the university interview, for he couldnt risk the good opportunity _.Ato lose Blosing Cto be lost Dbeing lost【答案】D【解析】句意：戴维为大学面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。Risk后用动名词形式，机会是被失去，故用被动语态，the good opportunity being lost是动名词的复合结构做宾语。故选D项。