词性转换原因分析及常考考点带例题分析

原因分析及常考考点带例题分析1，词性分不清2，成分不清晰3，词性和成分对应4，词性转换1，词性分不清。（带着总结用法）名词：人、事物、地点或抽象的名称。 代词：代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。形容词：形容词主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征、或属性，常用作定语，也可作表语、补语或状语。副词：是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词可分为：时间和频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词、常用于完成时的副词。动词：就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词。数词：表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。数词分为两大类，即基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，如：one,two,three,four；序数词表示顺序，如：first,second,third,fourth序数词前一般要加the。介词：介词一般用于名词或代词前，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语（若是人称代词，则要用宾格）。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。冠词：是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词有两种，一种是不定冠词（Indefinite Article），一种是定冠词（Definite Article）。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词（Zero Article）2，成分不清晰1个句子?简单句基本句型一：S+V （主谓）基本句型二：S+V+P （主谓表）基本句型三：S+V+DO （主谓宾）基本句型四：S+V+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：S+V+DO+OC （主谓宾宾补）总结：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾补? 补充定语、状语2个句子？并列句复合句不论是并列还是复合，肯定有连接词。3，词性和成分对应可以举例子让学生自己观察什么可以做什么成分？主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语建议再把词拿出来，再列一个表，这个可以让学生自己根据你带着他总结的上表让他总结下面的表。1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。6. 定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如：We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。8. 同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如：This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。4，词性转换（考察平时积累） 名词类：动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve-achievement advertise- advertisement 2V+ ion 结尾 discussdiscussion educate-education decide-decision operate operation organize-organization 3V+ ance 结尾 appearappearance perform-performance 4V+ ing 结尾 end 结束-ending train 训练-training mean - meaning 5V+ 其他 behave -behavior know -knowledge flyflight heat -heat mix-mixture press pressure sit-seat succeed- success 名词变形容词 1名词+y Anger 生气-angry hunger-hungry fogfoggy fur-furry guilt -guilty health-healthy luck-lucky business-busy 2.名词+ ed balance balanced talent-talented 3名词+ ful/less meaningmeaningful carecareful/ careless help-helpful / helpless homehomeless 4名词+ able comfort-comfortable suit -suitable 5.名词+ ous dangerdangerous mystery -mysterious 6.ce 变 t confidence-confident difference-different 7. al 结尾 medicine -medical music-musical nature-natural person-personal nationnational education-educational tradition-traditional 8名词+ ly friendfriendly live-lively lovelovely 9.+ en 结尾 woodwooden woolwoolen 10. 其他 energy-energetic fool foolish freedom free height high illness - ill loveloving death-dead pleasure-pleasant / pleased popularity popular pride-proud scientist-scientific 科学的 方位的词表达 名词形容词 Easteastern Westwestern Southsouthern North-northern In the west of China In the western part of China 四大洲 名词-形容词 Asia 亚洲- Asian Africa 非洲- African Europe欧洲- European America 美洲-American 形容词变副词 1 形容词+ ly(注意8B上说的名词加LY。Daily weekly) badbadly brightbrightly completecompletely correct-correctly final-finally 2. 以le 结尾的 去e + y comfortable-comfortably gentlegently possible-possibly simple -simply terrible-terribly 3. 辅音字母+ y 变 ily easyeasily heavyheavily happy-happily 4.特殊 goodwell好地 truetruly 既是形容词又是副词 early get up early ； an early train late be late for class come late for school deep dive deep into the sea a hole deep large high jump high； a high mountain hard a hard question；a hard stone work hard / study hard rain hard long It takes too long It takes a long time far jump far My home is far from school straight a straight line go straight along here常用构词法英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。（1）合成法：如：spaceship，headache，basketball，playground等等。（2）派生法：1）派生名词：动词er/or 动词ing 动词（t）ion 形容词ness 其他，如：inventor，learner，swimming，congratulation，kindness，carelessness，knowledge2）派生形容词：名词y 名词ful 动词ing/ed friendly dangerous Chinese;Japanese English French German 国名（i）an 如：snowy，sunny，hopeful，beautiful，interesting，follwing，daily（每日的），nervous，delicious3）派生副词：形容词ly 其它，如：slowly，angrily，fullfully，goodwell，possiblepossibly等等。（3）转换法：1动词转换为名词的常见方式 1)“动词+ion” 例如：pollutepollution, inventinvention, discuss discussion 2)“动词去e+ ation”例如：inviteinvitation，organizeorganization3）“动词+er” 例如: workworker, teachteacher, writewriter, speakspeaker, runrunner, winwinner 4)“动词+ or 例如：inventinventor, actactor 5)“动词+ing 例如：buildbuilding, beginbeginning, paintpainting 6)“动词十ment例如：developdevelopment, amuseamusement2动词转换为形容词的常见方式 1)“动词+ive 例如：actactive, attractattractive 2)“动词+ able 例如：changechangeable, enjoyenjoyable 3)“动词+ing 例如：exciteexciting, followfollowing 4)“动词+ ed 例如：frightenfrightened, borebored 5)“动词+ ful例如：forgetforgetful3名词转换为形容词的常见方式 1)“名词+ ful 例如：carecareful, useuseful, powerpowerful 2)”名词+ less 例如：carecareless, homehomeless 3)“名词+ly例如：friendfriendly, lovelovely4)“名词+y 例如：sunsunny, windwindy, healthhealthy, noisenoisy, lucklucky, snowsnowy 5)“名词+ing 例如：interestinteresting 6)“名词+n 例如：AmericaAmerican, AustraliaAustralian 7)“名词+ ern 例如：southsouthern, northnorthern 8)“名词+ ous 例如：dangerdangerous 9)“名词+ en 例如：woodwooden, goldgolden10)“名词+al例如：nationnational, educationeducational4形容词转换为名词的常见方式1)“形容词+y例如：difficultdifficulty, honesthonesty2)“形容词词尾t改成ce例如：differentdifference, importantimportance3)“形容词+ ness例如：illillness, kindkindness4)“形容词+ dom例如：freefreedom, wisewisdom 考生答题时可遵循下列步骤：(1)明确所给词的词性；(2)弄清所给句子的句意；(3)确定空处所填词的词性；(4)确定所给词的形式变化；(5)注意词汇知识及习惯用法；(6)注意句子是否通顺。常用前缀 否定词前缀im-：一般放在字母m,b,p之前possible(可能的）- impossible（不可能的）dis like(喜欢）-dislike(不喜欢），appear(出现）-disappear(消失）un-：real（真实的）-unreal(不真实的），employment(雇佣）-unployment（失业）in-: correct(正确的）-incorrect（不正确的），accurate(准确的）-inaccurate（不准确的）其他前缀mis-(错误的，坏的) mistake犯错 misfortune不幸，灾祸 tele-(远程) telescope望远镜 telegraph电报re-(重复) retell复述 remarry再婚常用后缀 名词后缀-er/-or director导演，farmer农夫，driver司机，visitor-ese/-an(n) Japanese日本人，American美国人，Indian印度人-ian musician音乐家，physician内科医生-ist artist艺术家，pianist钢琴家，dentist牙医-ment development发展，argument争论，government政府-ness happiness幸福，coldness寒冷，illness疾病，kindness-tion action动作，pollution污染，suggestion建议-ship friendship友谊，leadership领导形容词后缀-al national国家的，central中央的，natural自然的，musical-an Italian意大利的，Indian印度的，Russian俄国的-ern southern南方的，eastern东方的，northern北方的-ful helpful有帮助的，careful仔细的，useful有用的-less careless粗心的，fearless不害怕的，homeless无家-able/-ible comfortable舒适的，terrible可怕的，possible可能的-ive active积极的，native本族的，expensive贵的-y rainy多雨的，snowy下雪的，sleepy困的，healthy-ous famous著名的，dangerous危险的-ed excited感到兴奋的，tired疲劳的，interested感兴趣-ing interesting 令人感兴趣的，surprising 令人惊讶的，动词后缀-en shorten变短，lengthen加长，widen扩展-ize realize实现，apologize道歉，organize组织-ify electrify使充电，beautify使美化，simplify使简化副词后缀 -ly slowly慢慢地，happily幸福地，truly真正地-ward backward退步，toward朝着，outward向外数词后缀-teen fourteen十四，fifteen十五，eighteen十八，nineteen十九-ty twenty二十，thirty三十，forty四十，ninety九十-th fifth第五，ninth第九，fiftieth第五十每个词性对应常考考点：名词：3 David took a lot of _ (photo) in Mochou Lake Park last weekend.4 Congratulations! Both of you are the _ (win) of the match.18The _(lose/die) of his father _(lead) his family to a poor life three years ago.15In school, teachers always care for the students _(safe) and _ (fit).19We know the time of his _(arrive) from his e-mail.20Please think it over before you make any _ (decide).92Hello, Li HuaI want to teach English in your school. Could you write me a_ (recommend) letter to your leader?Certainly, I can形容词副词：1Its _(polite) of the boy to speak to his grandmother _(polite). You mustnt learn from him.11I think it is _ (mean ) to help the elderly cross the road.28An _(health) diet makes you fatter.31Which smells _ (delicious), Mary, beef or pork?38Its _(luck) day for him, because he has heard such bad news.40The _(care) you do your homework, the more mistakes youll make.62Liu Xiang has become one of the _ (fast) runners in the world.数词：2Tree-planting Day is on _ (twelve) of March every year.6It is October _ (four). Its my mothers _(forty-nine) birthday.16Would you please tell me what andis?Certainly, its seven _ (twelve).64The Greens live on the _ (two) floor of a _(wood) house.96The teacher told us that the novel was worth _(read) _(two)代词：12Look! Some of the students are pulling _ (they) up the rocks.30“Please help _(you) to some apples,” Mrs Green said to her friends.63Whose kites are these? _ (we).73Do you know what your _favourite food and colours are?(parent)133None of the boys _ (enjoy) living on Earth. They expect _(move) to Mars for _(safe).动词：9My aunt _ (teach) me _(play) the violin when I was a child.21Tom, _ (not be) late for class next time.22Dont make any noise. Dont you know your parents _ (sleep)?25It is said a new airport _ (build) near Taizhou in a few years.35My mother _ (lie) in bed when the telephone rang.37Therere 12 children here. The cake should _(divide) into 12 parts.53She sat on the sofa _(comfort), _(read) a novel.83The fishermen _(warn) _(be) more careful on _ days.(wind)85_(compare) with him, she is much better in English.93If he _ (keep)working so hard, he _(success) soon101I hear Tom is coming to China Yes, but Im not sure if he _ (1ike) our school146Do you have a computer固定搭配:5 Stephen spends about half an hour _ (swim) every Saturday afternoon.29_ (tell) you the_ (true), I dislike to make friends with him.33We shouldnt devote too much time to _(solve) the problem.48We have some difficulty _ (get) to the top of the mountain.214It is important for us _(spend) some time on our hobbies就近原则：23Not only he but also his family _ (fly) to America already and their _(fly) number is CA 907.经典:13The _(able) people should _(treat) _(equal) instead of _ (look) down on.