水文学原理词汇

水文学原理词汇Absolute uncertainty 168 169 绝对不确定性Absorption 294 吸收（作用）Acceptance testing 27, 30 32 接受域检验Acid rain 163 酸雨Actual evapotranspiration 311322 实际蒸散发Adiabatic cooling/warming 94,绝热冷却、绝热增温Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit （AMSU） 139 高级微波探测器Air-advected energy 275空气平流输送能量Air-entry tension 230 空气入口张力Analog models 25-26 模拟模型Anticyclones 95 反气旋Aquicludes 327 含水土层Aquifer response rate 333 含水层反应速率Aquifer response time 333 含水层反应时间Aquifers 327含水层，蓄水层confined 327-330承压含水层unconfined 327, 329 无压含水层Areal estimation 118-140 区域估计adjustment of point estimation to157-160 点估计的调整direct weighted averages 119-121 直接加权平均值surface-fitting methods 121-127 曲面拟合方法Areal reduction factor 157 区域简缩因子Atmometers 311蒸发表，蒸发器Atmosphere conductance 296 空气电导系数Atmospheric resistance 296 大气阻力Atmospheric water balance 320-321 大气水平衡Autocorrelation coefficients 23 自相关系数Available water content 236 有效含水量Average time of occurrence 143 平均发生时间Average transit time 24-25 平均通过时间Backcasts 26后溯估测Baguios 96碧瑶风（菲律宾的强烈热带气旋）Bank storage 347 河岸调蓄Bare-soil evaporation 291-294 裸土蒸发Base flow 342,394,436 基流Base-flow analysis 373-374 基流分析Base-flow component 344 基流构成Boundary condition 335 边界条件Bowen ratio 274 鲍恩比in estimating evapotranspiraion 321 鲍恩比率估计总蒸发in estimating free-water/lake evaporation 275-276 鲍恩比率自由水面/湖面蒸发Bypass flow 423 迂回水流Canopy 301冠，盖，棚幕Canopy conductance 298-299 林冠导率Capillary fringe 239,544 毛管边缘Capillary rise 220,354,376-377 毛管上升高度Catchment, See Watershed 集水区Center of mass 399 质量中心Centroid 399 质心Centroid lag 401,402质心滞后，输出过程的质心对应的时刻与输入过程的质心对应的时刻之差Centroid lag-to-peak 401,404-405输出过程的峰值时刻与输入过程的质心对应的时刻之差Channel interception 407河道降水，河槽降水Channel precipitation 407河道降水，河槽降水Chemical tracers 369 化学示踪剂Circular statistics 143 圆统计Cloud formation 95 云的形成Cloud seeding 161 云的催化Coastal aquifers, fresh-salt ground-water interface in 353 滨海含水层，咸淡地下水分界线Coefficient of variation 20 变差系数Cold fronts 95 冷锋Completely wetted profiles 266,267Concentration 65 浓缩，聚集time of 401,406汇流时间，集流时间Confines aquifers 327-330 承压含水层Confining layers 327不透水层，隔水层Conservation equations 8-10 守恒方程Conservation of mass 8 质量守恒Conservative quantities 7-8Contributing area 392 产流面积Control volume 8 控制流量Convection, uplift due to 98 对流抬升，Conventional hypsometric method 126-127 传统的测高法Convergence 95-98 收敛，辐合cyclonic 95 气旋extra-tropical cyclonic 95-96 热带外气旋frontal 95-96 锋面气旋at the ITCZ 96热带收缩区nonfrontal 95,96-98 非锋面气旋Cyclogenesis气旋生成Cyclones 气旋Cyclonic convergence 收敛（集中）气旋Daltons Law 277,587 道尔顿定律Darcian flow 419-422 达西流Darcys Law 227-228,229-230,231,234,365-368,419,546,548 达西定律Deep seepage 377-379 深层渗漏Degree-day factor 210度一日因子（冰雪融化度量）Depletion function 385 退水方程Depth-duration-frequency (DDF) analysis 151-160 雨深-历时-频率分析Depth of ponding 243,247 蓄水深Design floods 440-441 设计洪水Design storm 26 设计暴雨Detention storage 252 (1)拦洪库容(2)土壤滞留蓄水量Deterministic methods 122 确定性方法Digital elevation models (DEMs) 10-11 数字高程Dimensionless quantities 7 无维量，无因次量Direct flow 342 流向浮标Direct weighted averages 119-120 直接加权平均值arithmetic average 119-121 算术平均值Thiessen polygons 121 泰森多边形two-axis method 121 两轴法Discharge 19排出，泄放，放水，流量Discharge area 337过水断面，过水面积Dissolved-solids concentrations 322 溶解质浓度Distribution of pressure and temperature 41-44 压力和温度分布Double-mass curve 117 双累积曲线Double-ring infiltrometer 244 双环渗透针Drainage basin, See Watershed 流域盆地，见分水岭Dupuit Equations 357 杜毕方程Duration curves 20 历时曲线Eddy-correlation approach 280-281,321-322,599-600 涡度相关法Effective water input 396 有效水注入Effluent stream342地下水补给河Electrical resistance blocks 225 电阻块Eluviation 238 淋溶作用Energy balance (budget) 190-204,274,281-285 能量平衡for evapotranspiring body 274 蒸发体Energy-balance equations 9 能量平衡方程Energy-balance model 能量平衡模型Environmental lapse rate 98环境温度垂直梯度Ephemeral streams 344 季节性河流Equilibrium potential evapotranspiration 310 潜在蒸发平衡Equilibrium runoff 401 径流平衡Equilibrium, time to 401 平衡时间Equipotential lines 335 等位线Evaporation 蒸发作用bare-soil 291-294 裸土defined 273 定义free-water 275-276自由水，重力水lake 275-276 湖physics of 273-275,587-589 的性质wetland 275-276 湿地Evaporative fraction 274蒸发比值，潜热交换率与总的紊动传输热(潜热与显热之和)交换率的 比Evapotranspiration 272-324 土壤水分蒸发损失总量，蒸腾actual 311-322 实际的classification processes 275 分类方法classification of types of 276 按所属类型分类potential (PET) 308-311潜在土壤水分蒸发损失Event flow 342,394,436 事件流from sloping slab 414,417,418 在倾斜混凝土路面spatial variability 396 空间可变性subsurface 412-423 地下的temporal variability 396 暂时变量volume 396 容量Event-response mechanisms 424 事件响应装置Exceedence probability (exceedence frequency) 20-21,151,473,560-561 超量概率(超量频率)Excess rainfall 396 超渗雨Exfiltration 220,291 反渗Extra-tropical cyclones 95-96 温带气旋，热带外气旋“EyebalTisohyetal method 125 眼球”等雨量线方法Ficks First Law of Diffusion 8 菲克扩散第一定律Field capacity 235 田间持水量Flood wave 391 洪水波Flow-duration curves (FDCs) 20,473-476,477-479 流量历时曲线Flow net 335 流网Flow-through lakes 349接受地下水补给，又同时补给地下水的湖泊Flow-through streams 344接受地下水补给，又同时补给地下水的河流Flowlines 335 流线，流纹Fog drip 113-114 树上雾滴Forecasts 26 预报Formulation 339用公式描述Fragipan 242 脆磐土Free convection 279 自然对流Free-water evaporation 275-276 自由水蒸发Front 95 锋面Frontal convergence 95-96 收敛锋面Frost 247 霜冻Gage catch 108 截雨(雪)量Gage pressure 327 表记压力Gaining streams 342-344盈水河，地下水补给河Gamma-ray scanners, and water content measurement 225 伽马射线探测仪，水量度量General circulation 41-42 大气循环Ghyben-herzberg principle 353,386 吉本-赫茨伯格定理Gleying 241-242 潜育作用Global hydrologic cycle 1,3,48-83 全球水循环Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) 139 全球降雨气候学工程Gravitational head 326-327 重力水头Green-and-Ampt Model 251-261 Green-and-Ampt 模型explicit forms of 256-258 显式Ground water 325-388 地下水development, impacts on basin hydrology 379-387 地下水开发对基础水文的影响and lakes/wetlands 347-350 地下水和湖泊/湿地and the ocean 350-354 海洋porous media, storage properties of 328-331 多孔介质，储存性质in the regional water balance 354-358 在区域水平衡temperature measurements 371 温度测定Ground-water一surface-water relations 342-354 地表水地下水的关系base flow 342 基流event flow 342 可能流hyporheic flow and bank storage 344-347河水与河床和河岸水流交换区stream types 342-343 河流类型Ground-water-balance components 地下水平衡构成Darcys Law, direct application of 365-368 直接运用达西定理evaluation of 358-379地下水平衡构成的评价ground-water flow equation, inverse application of 368 地下水流体运动方程的反运用impulse-response analysis 368-369 特征曲线分析recharge from surface water 370-371 地表水的补给soil-water-balance method 362 土壤水平衡方法water-quality-based methods 369-370 基于水质方法well hydrograph analysis 362-365 井水位分析Ground-water development 地下水开发extraction, effects of 385-387 提取，影响hydraulics of 379-382 水力学impacts on basin hydrology 379-387 对水文学的影响Ground-water flows 13 地下水径流basic principles of 326-335 基本原则classification of 327-328 分类general equation 333-335 常规方程regional 335-342 区域性的Ground-water residence time 354-356 地下水滞留时间Ground-water zone 239 地下水区域Guard cells 294 保卫细胞Hardpan 242 粘土层Heterogeneous medium 332 异质Hindcasts 26后报，追算Hinge line 337 枢纽线Homogeneous medium 332 均匀介质Hook gage 288钩型测针Hortonian overland flow 408-409,410 霍顿坡面漫流Hurricanes 96-98 飓风Hydrat symbol 325 水化标记Hydraulic conductivity 231,247,255 导水性，渗透系数Hydraulic conductivity一water-content relations 231-232Hydraulic diffusivity 234-235 水力扩散率（力）Hydrograph, basic shape of 402水位曲线（水文过程线）的基本画法Hydrograph recession 362,390 退水过程线Hydrograph rise 390 回水过程线Hydrologic cycle 水文循环ground water in 325-388 地下水水循环Hydrologic horizons 239-241 水文水平线relationship between pedologic horizons and 241-242 土壤地平线与水文水平线的关系Hydrologic modeling 25-34 水文模型analog model 25-26 模拟模型forecasts 26 预测mathematical models 26 数学模型modeling process 27-32 建模过程modeling terms, definitions of 29 模型的定义和条件modelsdefined 25-27 定义parameters 26 参数physical modes 25 物理模式predictions 26 预报simulation models 25 仿真模型Hydrologic systems 7-8 水文系统Hydrology 水文学basic concepts of 7-35 基本概念defined 1 定义development of 2-5 发展physical quantities and laws 7 物理量和定理regional water balance 11-17 区域水平衡residence time 24-25 持续时间scope of 1 范围spatial variability 17-18 空间可变性storage 22-23 储藏量storage effects 23 储能效应temporal variability 18-22 时间可变性watershed 10-11流域，分水岭Hydrometeors 135-136 水汽凝结体Hydrophilic soils 248 亲水土壤Hydrostatic pressure静水压力Hyetographs 390,396雨量过程线，雨量图，雨量计Hygroscopic water 236 吸着水Hyporheic zone 344-347河水与河床水流交换区Hypsometric curve 126高程面积分布曲线Hypsometric method 126-127 测高法Hysteresis 230 滞后现象Illuviation 238 沉淀作用Infiltration 220 渗透，下渗basic characteristics of process 245-246 渗透过程的基本特性capacity 243下渗容量，下渗能力measurement 243-245 测渗quantitative modeling of 248-265 下渗数学模型from rain and snow melt 261降水和融雪的下渗ring infiltrometer 243-245 套环式测渗仪soil-water changes, observation of 245 土壤水转换的观测into soils with depth-varying water content 261含水量随着土壤径深变化的水下渗 spatial and temporal variability of 261-263 空间和时间的变化sprinkler-plot studies 245人工降雨试验小区的研究water-content profiles 245-246 含水量纵剖面图in watershed models 263-265 流域模型Infiltration rate 243 下渗率change with time during an event 245在一次事件中下渗率随时间变化factors affecting 246-248 影响因子factors affecting accuracy of measurement 246-248 影响下渗率测量精确度的因子water-input rate/depth of ponding 247 储水注入水深Influent stream 344 入渗河流Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) analysis 151 强度-历时-频率分析Interception 301-308 拦截conceptual models 303-306 概念模型definitions 302 定义modeling 303-306 建模regression analysis 303 衰退分析Interception loss 301 拦截损失hydrologic importance of 306-308拦截损失的水文重要性measurement 302 测量Interflow 220,419 壤中流Interim reference precipitation gage (IRPG) 108 中间关联雨量站Intermediate flow systems 338 中间流系统Intermediate zone 239 中间带，过渡带Intermittent streams 344 间歇水流Interpolation methods 121-122 插值法Interquartile range 20 四分位数间距Interval scales 7 区间尺度Intrinsic permeability 331 内渗透性，内渗透率Inverse-distance weighting 115-116 反距离加权Isobars 95等压线Isotopic composition 322 同位数组成Isotropic medium 332 均匀介质Kriging 125-126 克立格Lag-to-peak 398,404-405 滞后峰值Lakes, evaporation 275-276 湖面蒸发Land-area water balance 318 陆地水平衡LaPlace Equation 334-335 拉普拉斯方程Lapse rate 94气温直减率Lateral inflows 391 支流Latitudinal energy transfer 39-41 纬度分布能量转移Leaf-area index 298叶面指数，植被率Leaf conductance 296-298 叶面电导率Leaky aquitards 328 渗透(量、电阻)Linear reservoir 23,429 线性水库Linear watershed model 402-407 线性流域模型Lithology 338-339 岩石学，岩性Local flow systems 338 当地河流系统Long-term average precipitation rates 140 长期平均降雨率Longwave radiation 38 长波辐射estimation of 197,282 估计，评价Losing stream 344 亏水河Macropore flow 423 大孔隙流Macropores 419 大孔隙Mass transfer 277-280,587-589 质量转移Mathematical models 26 数学模型Matric potential 228 基质势Matric suction 228 基质吸力Matrix flow 419-422 基质流Measurement error 13-17 测量误差Median 20中值，中间Melt coefficient 210 融化系数Melt factor 210 融化因子Microwave remote sensing, and water content measurement225-226 微波遥感和含水量的测量Missing data, estimating 115-117 估计缺少的资料Model error 13 模型误差Modelsanalog models 25-26 模拟模型defined 25 定义mathematical models 26 数学模型physical models 25 物理模型simulation models 25 仿真模型Moisture-characteristic curve 230-231 水汽特征曲线NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) 139 地球观测系统National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 131 国家气候资料中心National Weather Service surface-monitoring network 130-131 国家气象观测组织表面污染监测网Net recharge 354 净补给Neutron moisture meters, and water content measurement 225 中子土壤水分探测仪，含水量的测量Newtons laws of motion 8 牛顿运动定律Nonfrontal convergence 95,96-98 非锋面收敛Normal distribution 15,567-570 正态分布Normal-ratio method 115-116 正常值比率法Nuclear magnetic resonance, and water content measurement 225 核磁共振,含水量的测量Occluded front 95 锢囚锋Occult precipitation 112-114 被遮蔽的降雨Reynolds number 327 雷诺数Optical precipitation gage 107 光学雨量站Organic surface layer 247 有机表面层Orographic effects 99-100 地形影响Orography, uplift due to 98-103 地形学，地形抬升Outflow face 350 出流地形Overland flow 220,248,252,408 地面漫流Overseeding 161 过渡催化Pan coefficient 289蒸发器折算系数Pan-evaporation approach 288-291 蒸发器蒸发法Parameters 26 参数Partial-area concept 409 部分面积概念Partially wetted profiles 268-269 部分多雨剖面Particle density, soil 222 土壤粒子密度Peak discharge 390,406 洪峰流量Pedologic horizons 238-239 土壤地平线relationship between hydrologic horizons and 241-242 与水文水平线的关系Penman equation 286 彭曼方程Penman-Monteith approach 321 彭曼-蒂斯方法Penman-Monteith Equation 299-301 彭曼-蒂斯方程Penman-Monteith model 321 彭曼-蒂斯模型Penman or combination approach 285-288 彭曼联合方法Perched water table 242 上层滞水面Percolation 220 过滤，浸透and water-output production 204-207 出流量的产生Perennial streams 344 常流河Permanent wilting point 236 永久调痿点Permeameters 331 磁导计Persistence 23,576-580 持续Philip Equation 261 菲利普方程least-squares estimates of parameter of 262 最小二乘估计参数Phreatic zone 井区Phreatophytes 354地下水湿生植物Physical models 25 物理模型Physical quantities and laws 7 物理量和定律Piezometer 327 压力计Point measurements, checking consistency of 117-118 检验点测量法的一致性Pore-disconnectedness index 233 孔隙分离指标Pore-size distribution index 233 孔径分布指标Porosity 207,255,328,330 孔隙度（率）soil 222-224土壤孔隙度（率）Porous media多孔介质response characteristics of 332-333 响应特征（曲线）storage properties of 328-331 耐储存性transmission properties of 331-332 传输特性Potential evapotranspiration（PET）,311-318 n.可能蒸散发量，蒸散发能力combination methods,311n.复合方法comparison of estimation methods,311n.估计方法的比较operational definitions,310-311 n.业务定义pan-based methods,311蒸发器测量法radiation-based methods of,310-311辐射测量法temperature-based methods,310 温度法Potentiometric surface,328静水压面，测压管液面Precipitation,94-165,168 降水，降水量areal estimation,118T40面估计depth-duration-frequency（DDF）analysis,151-160 雨深一历时一频率分析extreme rainfall amounts,146-160极限降雨量long-term average precipitation,140 多年（年）平均降雨量measurement of precipitation 105-108降水量测量meteorology of precipitation,94T05降雨气象学moisture sources,104-105水汽源地、水分来源、湿源probable maximum precipitation,146T48T50可能最大降水量precipitation quality,162-164降雨特性radar observation,135T36雷达观测precipitation and rainfall climatology,140-162 降水、降雨气候学seasonal variability of precipitation,140-145 降水季节变化性storm climatology,145-146 暴雨气候学30-year normal precipitation l,14030 年的多年平均降水量uplift due to convergence,95-98收缩上升Precipitation Augmentation as a Water-Resource Management Tool,161T62 以降水增量作为水资源管理工具Anthropogenic Effects on Precipitation Climatology,160-162 人为因素对降雨气候学的影响，Precipitation-gage networks,130-135降雨观测网Precipitation gages,105T08,169T73雨量站distance to obstructions,112到阻碍物的距离errors due to differences in observation time,113不同观测时间引起的误差errors due to low-intensity precipitation,113-114低雨强引起的误差errors due to occult precipitation,113由于降雨被遮蔽引起的误差errors due to evaporation,112-113蒸散发引起的误差factors affecting measurement accuracy,108 影响测量精度的因素 gage catch,108 截雨（雪）量、截获量、承雨（雪）量、（雨量器） instrument errors,113仪器误差missing data estimation,115-117 缺测资料估计observer errors,113T14 观测误差 optical precipitation gage,107 光学量雨器orifice height,109-111 孔口高度orifice orientation,109 孔口宽度orifice size,108-109 孔口尺寸errors due to splashing,112-113由于溅洒引起的误差storage gages,105 累积雨（雪）量器tipping-bucket gage,105 倾斗式雨量计weighing-recording gage,105 称重式自计雨量器、衡重式自计雨量器wetting losses,112-113浸润损失Precipitation recycling,104-105 重复利用降水Predictions,26预报、预言Pressure head,228,327 压力水头、压位差、压力感受器Pressure-water-content relations,230-231 压强一水位一容量关系Primary porosity,328 原生孔隙PRISM Model,127,129-130 棱柱（棱镜）模型Probable maximum flood（PMF）,148-150 可能最大洪水Probable maximum precipitation,146,148-150 可能最大降雨Probable maximum storm,149 可能最大暴雨Profile-controlled infiltration,243 控制剖面下渗Psychrometric constant,274 湿度计算常数Quick flow,342,436 快速（地面）径流Radioactive isotopes,369 放射性同位素Rain compaction,247降雨密度Rain gage,see Precipitation gage 雨量器、雨量筒（见 Precipitation gage）Rain shadow,99 雨影（区）critical temperature for Rain-snow transition ,103雨雪转换的临界温度record rainfalls,146-148 记录特大暴雨（量）、历史最大暴雨（量） time distribution of rainfall,160 降雨时间分布Recession/recession analysis,373-374 退水分析Recharge,220,325 补给、补充、回灌Recharge area,337补给区（地下水）Recycling ratio,104 重复利用率Redistribution,220 再分配、重分配、再分布Reference crop,275 参考农作物Reference curves,265 参考曲线Regional evapotranspiration,13T7区域土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量Regional flow systems,338 区域水流系统Regional ground-water flows,335-342区域地下水径流、枯季径流、基流 general features,337 一般特征effects of geology,338-342 地质的影响 effects of topography,337-338 地形的影响 Regional water balance,11T7 区域水量平衡 Regression,117 回归、复归Relative uncertainty,15相对不确定性Relative variability,23相对可变性Representative elemental volume,227 典型（代表）元素总量Residence time,24-25 滞留时间Response lag,398,403 反应滞后Quantitative description of Response hydrographs,396-407自计水位记灵敏度定量描述Response time,402 响应时间Return flow,409,464 回归水（流）、回流、逆流Return period,151 重现期Reynolds number,327,546 雷诺数Richards Equation,230,249-251,265 Richards 公式Rime,113-114雾淞、树挂、不透明冰、毛冰Ring infiltrometer,243-245套环式测渗仪、同心环测渗仪River basin,see Watershed 河流流域（见 Watershed）Root zone,239-240 根区Roughness height,273,594 粗糙高度“Safe yield”，387,465-488安全产水量、保证产水量、可靠产水量、常年产水量（地下水）Saltwater intrusion,386-387咸水入侵、盐水入侵、海水入侵Satellite observation,136T40 人造卫星观测Satellite observation of precipitation,136T40人造卫星观测降水Satellite observation of soil moisture,225-226人造卫星观测土壤湿度Saturated hydraulic conductivity,326饱和水力传导率Saturation overland flow,408,409-412饱和坡面漫流Seasonal variability of precipitation,140-145降水季节变化性Seasonality index,143 季节性指标Secondary porosity,328 次生孔隙率Seepage face,344 渗流面Shelter factor,298 遮蔽因子Shortwave radiation,36,281-282 短波辐射Simulation models,25 模拟模型Sloping slab,414,417,418 坡面Smoothing methods,121-122 滤波法Soil,220-271土，土壤bulk density,222 （1）容重，单位体重（2）毛体积密度，松密度，堆密度 completely wetted profiles,266-267 完全浸润面 estimation of effective soil-hydraulic properties,255-256有效土壤水力特征值的估计material properties of soil,221 土壤的物质特性 partially wetted profiles,268-269 部分浸润面particle density,222 粒子密度distribution of pore and particle sizes,221 气孔和粒子大小的分布porosity,222-224 多孔性、有孔性soil profiles,238-242 土壤剖面redistribution,265-269 重分布、再分配、再分布soil-water status,235-242 土壤水状况texture,221 （1）组织，质地（2）构造，结构（3）纹理（4）织物Soil-controlled stage,291受土壤控制的水位bare-soil evaporation,291裸露土壤蒸发（作用）Soil-moisture balance,319-320 土壤水量平衡Soil-moisture zone,239-240 土壤水带Soil physics,220土壤物理学Soil profiles,238-242 土壤剖面computation of typical soil-water profiles240-241典型土壤水剖面计算hydrologic horizons,239-242 水文学范畴pedologic horizons,238-239 土壤学范畴chemical characteristics of the soil surface,248土壤表面的化学特性human modification of the soil surface,247 土表的人为改变inwashing of fine sediment,247 冲泻质（泥沙）巨原冲积层water content of surface pores,247 表孔含水量observation of soil-water changes,245 土壤水变化的观测soil-water flow,227-235 壤中流soil-water pressure,228-230 土壤水压力soil-water storage,224-227 土壤蓄水量degree of saturation,226-227饱和度total soil-water storage,227土壤蓄水总量volumetric water content,224-226 容积法（体积法）测含水量Solum,239 风化层Sorptivity,235吸附力，吸着力Spatial correlation,128 空间相关Spatial variability,17-18,396 空间变化Specific discharge,326 比流量，单位（面积）流量，流量模数Specific retention,329,330 比持水量，单位持水量（持水量对含水层总容积之比）Specific storage,328单位储水量（地下水）Specific yield,329-330（1）单位产水量，单位出水量，产水率，出水率（=effective porosity）（2）单产量Sprinkler-plot studies,245 人工降雨试验小区研究Stable isotopes,369 稳定同位素Standard deviation,15,20,557,571,574 标准差、均方差Stationary front,95 静止锋、滞留锋Statistical methods,122 统计法Stilling well,288,618 静水井，消波井，自记水位测井Stochastic methods,122 随机方法Stomata,294 （stoma or stomate 的复数形式）气孔Stomatal cavities,294气孔、气腔Storage,22-23 （1）贮藏，蓄积，存储（2）贮藏库，仓库（3）蓄水，蓄能，蓄电（4）储量， 库容，蓄水量Storage coefficient,328 （1）库容系数（2）容水系数，给水度，地下水储量系数（一定厚度含 水层的蓄水量=厚度X单位储量）Storage effects,23 储能效应Storage gages,105 累积雨（雪）量器 change in stored energy,282-283 储能变化 Storm climatology,145-146 暴雨气候学 Storm duration,398 暴雨历时Storm flow,3