中国的监狱制度 英

中国的监狱制度 英 jailSystemThePrisonLawofthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasadoptedandwentintoforceonDecember20,1994atthe11thmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeoplesCongress.RegulatoryAuthoritiesThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministration Ministryofjustice municipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandautonomousregions ,officesofjusticeareresponsibleformanagingprisonsintheirownjurisdictionthroughtheirprisonadministrationarms.PrisonsinChinaaredividedintotwocategories:Prisonsincarceratinginmateswhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence,nor.Penitentiariesforjuveniledelinquents,criminalsofminoragewhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence,withcustomizedproceduresinplacetocatertotheirneeds.PrisonSetupandStaffingThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministrationapprovestheestablishment,eliminationandrelocationofprisonsinlinewithhistorical,uretheunified,effectiveandaccurateexecutionofpenalties.Prisonsusuallyhaveonewardenand,prisonsalsohavesanitaryandeducationfacilities.ThePrisonLawprovidesthatthemanagerialpersonnelofprisonsaremembersofthepoliceforcewhoenjoythesamelegalstatusaspublicsecurityandtrafficpolice.FinancialSystemofPrisonsThePrison,reformationofprisoners,dailylifeofinmates,maintenanceofprisonfacilitiesandotheritemsarebudgetedforinthecentralgovernment,mineralresourcesandothernaturalresourceslegallyemployedbyprisons,aswellasthepropertyofprisonsareprotectedbylaw;noentityorindividualcantrespassordamagethoseproperties.FundamentalPrinciplesArticle3ofthePrisonLawstatesthatprisonsshouldfollowtheprincipleofcombiningpenaltywithreform,educationwithlabor,inabidtoreformprisonersintolaw-abidingcitizens.Prisonspunishcriminalsbecause,withoutpunishment,itisdifficu,ssake.Toeffectivelyreformprisoners,:ideological,cultural,vocationalandtechnical.ExecutionofPenaltiesLawenforcementauthoritiesimplementcriminalrulingsandjudgmentspassedbyjudicialauthoritiesthathavealreadytakeneffect,:,naltywithtwoyearsreprieve,itmustbeconductedinstrictcompliancewithlegalprocedures.Publicsecurityauthoritiesthatincarceratecriminalsthathavebeencondemnedtodeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve,lifesentenceorafixed-termsentencemusttransferthecriminalstoprisonsforexecut,courtsmustpresentrelevantlegaldocumentsincludingcopiesoftheprosecutionstatementpreparedbytheprocuratorate,therulingbythecourt,thecourtthatissuestherulingineffecthastoamendorcorrectthedocumentsinatimelyfashion;thosethatmayleadtomistakenimprisonmentmaynotbeaccepted.Criminalsthathavebeentakeninshouldgothroughphysical,beenfound,duringthephysicalexamination,tohavecontractedseriousillnessneedingmedicaltreatmentonbailorfemalecriminalswhoarepregnantorbre,howeverdoesnandthecourt,inturn,shoulddecidewshouldbeconfiscated;non-essentialsshould,uponapprovaloftheinmate,beturnedintothepriUponadmissionintotheprison,theprisonauthoritiesshouldnotifythefamilyoftheinmate;thenoticeshouldbeissuedwithinfivedaysofadmission.,AccusationsandReportingbyInmatesDuringtheexecutionofpenalty,petitionsfilfreceiptofaletterofsuggestionssubmittedbytheprison.Inmateshavetherighttobringachargematterresolvedifitfallswithintheirjurisdiction;ifitisnotwithintheirjurisdiction,thenitshouldbetransferredwithoutdelaytoprocuratoratesorcourts.Thisisasystemthatallowscriminalswhomeetpres,uponannouncementoftheruling,iftheconvictisseriouslyillwarrantingmedicaltreatmentonbail,orispregnantorbreast-feedingherbaby,thecourt,whileservingaterm,aninmatemaybepermittedtoservetheremainderofthesentenceoutsidetheprisonthroughmeetingthefollowingconditions:seriouslyillandindangerofdeathintheshortterm;seriouschronicillnessforwhichmedicaltreatmentisnoteffective;over60yearsofage,inpoorphysicalconditionsandunlikelytoendangersocietyanymore;,theprisonauthoritiesshouldprepareawrittenproposalandsubmitittoprisonadministrationauthoritiesoftheprovinces municipalitiesandautonomousregions .oncethecircumstancespermittingatemporaryservingofasentenceoutsidetheprisonarenolongerthere,theprisonershouldbehandedoverbythepublicsecurityhandlertotheprisonauthorities;ifthedecisionwasmadebytheprisonauthorities,thepublicsecurityauthoritiesth,publicsecurityauthoritiesshouldnotifytheoriginaladmissionprisonofthedeath.Commutationmeansanab,thatdeadlinemaybeextendedforonemoremonth.Uponcompletionoftheirterm,sperformanceinprisonandhanditoveralongwithacopyoftherulingtothepublicsecurityoutletthathandlestheregistrationofpermanentresidenceoftheformerprisoner.Thereleasedpersonshouldapplyforregistrationofpermanentresidencewiththelocalpublicsecurityauthoritieswiththecertificateofreleaseandtheyshouldenjoyequalrightsasothercitizens.PrisonAdministrationPrisonadministrationincludesthefollowing:Prisoners,basedonthenatureoftheircrime,typeofpenalty,lengthofsentence,performance,age,genderandothercharacteristics,areclassifiedintodifferentgroupsandareincarcerated,managedandeducatedaccordingly.,PreventiveDevicesandWeaponsWarning,includingarmedwarning,isre,theprisonauthoritiesshouldalsomobilizemilitias,security-maintenanceorganizationsandthegeneralpublicsurr,riot,revolt,oroutsidersattempttobreakintoajailorstageariot,prisonpolicecanjoinhandswithexternalforcestoputdowntheunrest.,activitiesorganizedbyprisonauthorities.U,thesedevicescanbeputoninmatesbeforeapprovalissecured,llyandnotlongerthan15daysmaximum,exceptforprisonersawaitingexecution.Armedpoliceandprisonpolicemayuseweaponsinemergencysituationsincompliancewithlegalprocedures.Whileservingtheirsentence,prisonersmaycommunicatewithothers,theirletterstosuperiorprisonandjudicialauthoritiesshouldnotbescreened.Whileservingtheirsentence,theyshouldnotmeetpeopleoutsidetheirkinship,unlessotherwiseapproved.Inpractice,asidefromnormalvisitingtimes,prisonauthoritiesalsoallowprisonerstovisittheirfamilyorhandleafamilyemergencyforaperiodofthreetofivedays,butnottoexceedsevendaysinspecialcircumstances.Adultprisonersnormallyworkeighthoursaday;extendedworkhoursasnecessitatedbyproductionplansshouldbeapprovedbyprisonauthorities.P;,laborthatisbeyondtheirphysicalcapabilities,prisonersshouldhavetimeforculturalorsportsactivitieseveryday.Prisonersshouldtakestatutoryholidaysandweekendsoff.Prisonersshouldbeprovidedwithfoodandbeveragescomparabletothoseprovidedtowbemadetoimprovethedietofprisonersasmuchaspossible.Prisoncellsandsurroundingfacilitiesshouldcomplywithrequirementsforincarceratingcriminalsandotherstatutoryrequirementssuchassanitation,firecontrol,anti-earthquakeandheatingstandards.Inaddition,prisonsshouldalsosetupclinicsorhospitalsinaccordancewiththesizeoftheprisonandthenumberofinmatesandbeequippedwithneededmedicaldevicesanddrugs.Prisonauthoritiesmayrewardorpunishinmatesincompliancewithlegalproceduresonthebasisofevaluationsofprisonersperformanceintransformingthemselvesthrougheducationandlabor.Evaluationscoverprisonersideological,educational political,culturalandtechnical ,disciplinaryandphysicallaborperformance.Rewardscanbepublicrecognition,materialincentiveorarecordofmeritintheindividualspersonalfile;punishmentscanbewarning,arecordofdemeritintheindividualsfile.