超全面的英语语法图解

超全面的英语语法图解一名词I. 名词的种类：II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：2. s所有格的用法：3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法：三代词：I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：II. 不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball. 5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容词和副词I. 形容词：1. 形容词的位置：1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：II. 副词副词的分类：III. 形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。1. 同级比较时常常用 asas以及not so(as)as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the morethe more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。五介词I. 介词分类：六动词I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如： I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别： 两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4. 一般将来时的表达方式：II. 动词的被动语态：七情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。 He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。 3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：neednt/darent do；Need/daredo?做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do八非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别：九定语从句I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。III. as与which的区别：十名词性从句十一。状语从句十二。倒装句十三。虚拟语气十四。重要句型 奇速英语乐中学一直在为调动你的学习积极性而努力1. It was not untilmidnight thathe finished his task.2. Not untilhe came back from abroad was Iable to see him again.3. The harderyou work,the greaterprogressyou will make.4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.5. May you bein good health!6. Wishyou a pleasant journey back home!7. The professor was a humorous man withbig nose and deep-set eyes.8. What surprised me mostwas his imagination and patience.9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10. Sitting under the treeare Mr. Green and his first teacher.11. On the wallhang two pictures of famous scientists.12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldnt help feelingvery proud.13. No sooner(Hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when)the play started.14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15. How I regretthe hours wasted in the woods and fields!16. There standsa beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17. Ten miles north of the townlies a paper factory.18. Theregoes the bell.19. Nowherehas the world ever seen such a bird as here.20. It is no usecrying for help.21. If onlyI had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed thatsuch a thing will not happen again.23. Onlywhen he explained did I realize the reason for this.24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”25. Not onlyAlice but alsoJane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.26. Suchwas Albert Einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五。动词搭配1.add to增加，增进add to把加进add up相加add up to总计，所有这一切说明2.break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开break off暂停，中断break in强行进入，插话break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片break out爆发break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散break through突破3.bring up抚养，呕吐，提出bring about造成bring out拿出，出版bring in引入，引进，挣钱bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下4.call on号召，拜访（某人）call at拜访、参观（某地）call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要call up使回忆起, 征召入伍call in召集，请某人来call out大喊，高叫call off取消，不举行5.come about发生，出现come down下跌，落，降，传下来come in进来come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)come on来临/ 快点come out出版，结果是come along一道来，赶快come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是come over走过来come up发芽，走近come across偶然碰到come back回想起come from来自，源自6.cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削减cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系cut up连根拔除，切碎through剪断，凿穿cut out删（省）掉，戒掉cut in插嘴7.die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away渐渐消逝die out绝种die down(炉火)渐熄die off逐一死去8.fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall down掉下，跌倒fall back撤退，后退9.go in for从事，喜爱，参加go through通过，经受go over复习，检查go up（价格）上涨，建造起来go after追捕，追赶go against违反go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧go away离开go by时间过去go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉go on(with)继续进行go with相配，陪同go without没有，缺少go out外出，熄灭go all out全力以赴go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应go back on背约，食言go beyond超出10.get down下来，记下，使沮丧get down to致力于，专心于get on进展，进步，穿上，上车get off脱下,下车get in收集，插（话）get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复get along with进展，相处get up起床get through打通电话，完成，通过get round消息传开get close to sth. 接近，几乎get into (trouble)get to (know)get back取回，收回11.give away赠送，泄露，出卖give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布give off发出（光、热、气体）give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放弃，让（座位）12.hand in交上，提交hand out分发hand down流传，遗传13.hang about闲逛hang up挂电话14.hold back阻止，隐瞒hold up举起，使停顿hold on别挂电话，等，坚持hold out持续，坚持，伸出hold down控制，镇压15.keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持，keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，离开keep away from避开，不接近，离远远的keep out ofkeep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守keep on继续，坚持下来keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下keep from克制，阻止16.knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒knock off停止工作，休息17.leave for离开前往leave out删去，遗漏leave behind遗留,忘记拿走leave to留给，遗嘱赠于leave over遗留，剩下，延期18.look up查找，向上看look through翻阅，浏览look on旁观look onas看作look into调查look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找look out(for)当心look about / around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back upon回忆，回顾look ab. up and down仔细打量某人look ab in the face/eyes直视某人19.make up编造，配制，打扮，组成make up for弥补make into / of / from 制成make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）make for走向，驶往，促使20.pass away去世pass by经过pass down(on)to传给pass through经历pass over漠视，忽视21.pay back还钱，报复pay for付钱，为受到惩罚，因得到报应pay off还清22.pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health)pick out挑选，辨认，看出1) I picked the information _ while waiting in the queue.2) My friend has arranged to pick me _ at 6:00.3) The patient has picked _ health during the last two weeks.4) She picked _ the most expensive pair of shoes.5) I cant pick John _ in the crowd.6) Can I pick _ VOA with this short-wave radio?7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself _ quickly.(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词23.put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下put up with忍受put out伸出，扑灭put off推迟put into放进，翻译put away放好，存钱put down记下，平息put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put through 接通电话put aside放到一边put back放回1) He put _ half his wage every week.2) The government soon put _ the revolt（暴乱）.3) Put your watch _. Its slow.4) He put _ his hand for me to shake.5). Please put me _ to Extension（分机）2.6) We put _ for night at the village inn.7) He is very proud, and he often put _ airs.（摆架子）8) We had a telephone put _ in our office.9) I cant put _ with your laziness.(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)24.pull down拆掉，推翻pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱pull in进站pull out取出,(火车)离站pull down往下拉,拆毁pull over驶到一边pull through恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境pull up（使）停住1) The train slowly pulled _ and disappeared in the distance.2) All the old houses here have now been pulled _, and new ones are to be built.3) The car pulled _ when I blew the horn.4) The doctor thinks the man will pull _.5) The driver pulled _ at the traffic lights.(out, down, over, through, up)25.push over推倒，刮倒push ahead(on, forward)继续前进，坚持下去push through排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过1) Weve decided to push _ with our plan to build a new road2) Many trees were pushed _ in the hurricane.3) They were determined to push the new rules _ at any cost.4) Take care not to push the baby _.5) They pushed _ the crowd and at last reached us.(on, over, through, over, through )26.run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for竞选run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞run out of用完1) If you drive so fast, youll run _ someone some day.2) I ran _ a friend of mine in the exhibition.3) Our water has run _. Can you fill up some more bottles?4) Why do you always run _ adventure?5) He didnt want to run _ president that year.6) In that way you will only run _ difficulties.(答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen)27.see off送行see through看透，识破see to照料，照管28.send for派人去请send off送行send out发出（光亮）等send up发射29.set up建立set off出发，触发，引起set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述set about开始着手(doing)set to work(n.)开始做set back拨回，使推迟1) I shall set my watch _ by five minutes.2) We set _ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.3) We set _ at daybreak yesterday and weve been travelling ever since then.4) I set _ to advise him not to drink.5) What were the reasons he set _ in his report?6) The president set _ a special group of soldiers to guard him.7) The unpopular law set _ a series of protests.（抗议）(答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen)30.take off脱掉，起飞take on呈现 雇佣take away拿走take in吸收，领会take up从事，占用（时间空间）take down记录，取下take back收回take for误认为take along随身带take over接管take out 把.带出去，取出，拿出take charge of负责take sth. for granted想当然take hold of抓住take pride in以 为自豪take the place of, 代替take turns to do轮流做take office就职1) I take _ all I said about his dishonesty.2) He went to the shelf and took _ a book of poems.3) At first I took him _ a doctor.4) I can see that most of you have taken _ everything that the teacher taught.5) Bill has now taken _ his fathers business.6) My job takes _ most of my time.7) The boss took _ twenty people for his new company.(答案详见奇速英语微信公众号qisuen)31.think of想起think ofas把看作think out想出think up想出think about考虑think over仔细考虑think well of sb. 对某人看法好32.turn off / on打开turn over翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转turn out证明为，结果，制造成品turn to转向，求助turn down调低，拒绝turn against变得敌视，反对turn away打发走，驱逐，转过脸去turn back返回，转回去turn round转过身来turn up向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大turn in上缴turn upside down把倒置，弄得乱七八糟1) The child turned _ its mother for comfort.2) Turn _ and let me see your face.3) However much he turned the problem _ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solution.4) The English evening party turned _ a great success.5) The sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _.6) The football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned _.7) The army turned him _ on account of (因为) his poor health.8) She turned the whole house _ in her search for her missing purse.9) Where did your purse turn _? I found it in the snow.10) The villagers suddenly turned _ the foreigners who lived nearby.11) The factory turns _ 2000 new cars last year.(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)