数学常用词汇中英文对照

数学常用词汇中英文对照代 数 部 分 1、有关基本运算：add，plus加 subtract减 difference差multiply,times乘 product积 divide除 divisible可被整除的 dividedevenly被整除 dividend被除数divisor因子，除数 quotient商 remainder余数factorial阶乘 power乘方 radicalsign,rootsign根号 roundto四舍五入 tothenearest四舍五入 2.有关集合union并集 proper subset真子集 solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction一般分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，round off四舍五入 6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number持续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比 7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其他approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比 distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几 何 部 分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其他平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形 cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其他plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字论述题，重要是有关商业intercalary year(leapyear)闰年(366天)common year平年(365天)depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增长到increase by增长了denote表达list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑 集合（集）set非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all positive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set无限集infinite set空集empty set涉及inclusion, include涉及于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset补集（余集）complementary set全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set of all even numbers奇数集the set of all odd numbers含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition充足条件sufficient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition的充要条件是 if and only if 函 数 函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone interval反函数inverse function指数exponentn次方根n th root根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function 数 列 数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ，arithmetic series公差common difference等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列geometric progression， geometric series公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三 角 函 数 三角函数trigonometric function始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制radian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent 平 面 向 量 有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem 不 等 式 算术平均数arithmetic mean几何平均数geometric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直 线 倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式 gradient intercept form两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming约束条件constraint condition目的函数 objective function可行域feasible region最优解optimal solution 圆 锥 曲 线 曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate解析几何analytic geometry笛卡儿Descartes原则方程standard equation一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points焦距focal length长轴major axis短轴minor axis离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directrix