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Unit 3 Section A Where Principles Come FirstContentsContentsExercisesWarmingupBackgroundinformationPhrasesNewwordsText Can you guess what are the Americas top Six universities?Warming Up1.Harvard University 2.Princeton University 3.Yale University 4.Columbia University 5.Stanford University 5.University of PennsylvaniaAmericas Top Six National Colleges:Warming Up Do you know what are the Chinas top ten universities?Warming UpUniversity(by 2011 China university evaluation report)RankTotalScientific researchPersonnel trainingComprehensive reputationPeking University1100 95.6110098.32Tsing Hua University296.18 10086.55100Zhejiang University356.10 53.4652.4074.86Fudan University455.57 53.6055.6951.54Nanjing University542.90 40.6742.6345.36Shanghai Jiaotong University642.52 48.0135.5937.39Wuhan University739.37 41.1435.5339.41Renmin University of China836.61 28.1136.5273.38Huazhong University of Science and Technology934.56 37.5729.4735.49Zhongshan University1033.77 34.4729.6042.61Warming UpDiscussion What are the most important factors youd like to consider when you choose an university?Do you think entering the top ranking university is essential to your study and even to your future?Yes,More job opportunitiesSociety sense of honorMore opportunities to meet peopleBetter fellowship opportunitiesPriority to study aboardThe continuation of social relationsNo,Ones own effort(Knowledge is knowledge)Academic/study atmosphere Tuition feeGeographic location College landscapeMajor you like211 project/985 progect or notWarming UpAn InterviewAn InterviewWarming Up Suppose you are a from an You are assigned to share your ideas about the best way to educate for success.For collecting materials,you are planning to have an interview about what principles a school should operate on.You are supposed to:An InterviewAn InterviewWarming Up-do your work as a group-interview at least 3 students-prepare questions before you go to people-record your interview-analyze the ideas of your interviewees-come to a conclusion-give a report to the whole classWarming UpDiscussion Whats your opinion about Chinas education system?Agree or Disagree?Exam-oriented educationQuality-oriented educationWarming UpThe Hyde School:(F)Background Informationtheir best.Today,there are four Hyde Schools,including inner-city models in New Haven,Connecticut and Washington DC,national programs forparents and teachers,and a number of established partnerships with public schools throughout the country.New Wordsleadership n.U 1.领导才能领导才能 2.领导地位；领导权领导地位；领导权publicity n.U 1.关注关注 2.宣传；推广宣传；推广 cultivate vt.1.培养培养 2.耕种，耕作耕种，耕作 comprehensive a.综合的；全面的综合的；全面的 controversial a.有争议的；引起争论的有争议的；引起争论的 suspend vt.1.暂停，中止暂停，中止 2.悬；挂悬；挂 strain n./vt.C,U 压力压力/1.扭伤扭伤2.使关系紧张使关系紧张 preliminary a.预备的；初步的预备的；初步的 magnet n.C 1.有吸引力的人或物有吸引力的人或物 2.磁铁磁铁 minority n.C(usu.pl.)少数民族少数民族;sing.少数派少数派New WordsNew Wordsquest n.C 探寻，寻求探寻，寻求 energetic a.精力充沛的；充满活力的精力充沛的；充满活力的 conventional a.传统的；常规的传统的；常规的 reform vt./n.改革；改进改革；改进/C,U改革；改进改革；改进 intelligence n.U 智力；理解力智力；理解力 controversy n.C,U 争议，争论争议，争论 curriculum n.C(pl.curriculums or curricula)课程课程 preparation n.1.U 准备准备 2.(s)准备工作准备工作 mixture n.C 混合；混合体混合；混合体 admission n.1.U 准许加入准许加入 2.C承认；供认承认；供认New WordsNew Wordsoutlook n.1.C 看法，态度看法，态度 2.C 前景，远景前景，远景 workshop n.1.C 研讨会；研习班研讨会；研习班 2.C车间车间 seminar n.C 研讨会研讨会 attendance n.1.C,U 出席人数出席人数 2.U 出席；参加出席；参加 utmost n./a.U 极限；最大限度极限；最大限度/最大的，极度的最大的，极度的 worthwhile a.值得（做）的值得（做）的 enroll v.(使使)登记入学；注册登记入学；注册 outset n.U 开端，开始开端，开始optimistic a.乐观的乐观的 fruitful a.富有成效的富有成效的 New WordsNew Wordsfaculty n.1.U(AmE)全体教员全体教员 2.C 天赋天赋campus n.C,U（大学）校园（大学）校园 jail n.C,U 监狱监狱insultvt./n.侮辱；辱骂侮辱；辱骂 C 侮辱；辱骂侮辱；辱骂 curse vt./n.诅咒；咒骂诅咒；咒骂 C 诅咒；咒骂诅咒；咒骂 see as 认为认为是是 be scheduled to do 被安排，定于被安排，定于 over ones protest 不顾某人的抗议不顾某人的抗议 put forth 使出；发挥使出；发挥 complete with 包括；具有包括；具有New WordsNew Wordsdo ones utmost 竭尽全力竭尽全力 work out 制订；找到制订；找到 at the outset 开始开始 kind of 有点儿；有几分有点儿；有几分Hyde School 海德中学海德中学 Joseph Gauld 约瑟夫约瑟夫高尔德高尔德 （人名）（人名）Bath,Maine 缅因州巴思市缅因州巴思市 Malcolm Gauld 马尔科姆马尔科姆高尔德（人名）高尔德（人名）Joe 乔（乔（JosephJoseph的昵称）的昵称）Hyde Foundation 海德基金会海德基金会 New WordsNew WordsBaltimore 巴尔的摩巴尔的摩(美国马里兰州中北部港市美国马里兰州中北部港市)New Haven,Connecticut康涅狄格州纽黑文市康涅狄格州纽黑文市Jimmy DiBattista 吉米吉米迪巴蒂斯塔（人名）迪巴蒂斯塔（人名）New Words Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.A)being cultivatedB)been cultivatedC)having cultivatedD)cultivating(CET-4,00,1)ANew Words John doesnt believe in medicine;he has some _ remedies of his own.A)standard B)regular C)routine D)conventional (CET-4,03,1)DNew Words In spite of the _,it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.A)deviation B)distinction C)controversy D)comparison (CET-6,04,6)cNew Words He is _ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A)optimistic B)optional C)outstanding D)obvious (CET-4,00,1)New WordsA1.cultivate vt.1.make land suitable for growing crops or plants 耕种，耕作，养殖耕种，耕作，养殖 Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，无法耕种。无法耕种。New Words 1.cultivate 2.develop a particular skill or quality 培养，陶冶，发展培养，陶冶，发展 他以阅读来陶冶情操。他以阅读来陶冶情操。He cultivates his mind by reading books.New Words2.controversial a.causing disagreement 有争议的，引起争论的有争议的，引起争论的 Some people thought the judicial explanation of the Marriage Law was controversial about property ownership within marriage.New Words2.controversial phrase:a controversial subject/policy 引起争议的话题引起争议的话题/政策政策 New Wordscontroversy n.(c,u)a serious disagreement 争议，争论争议，争论 The mayor will try to accord the controversy over the housing scheme.市长试图调解市长试图调解 住房规划方面的争议。住房规划方面的争议。New Wordscontroversy phrases:beyond/out of/without controversy 无可争议无可争议 be/engage in a controversy with/against sb.on sth.和某人就某事争论和某人就某事争论New Wordscontroversy Intel chairman Andy Grove has decided to cut the Gordian knot of controversy surrounding stem cell research by simply writing a check.英特尔公司总裁英特尔公司总裁Andy Grove 只是简单填写了一张支票就斩钉只是简单填写了一张支票就斩钉 截铁地解决了截铁地解决了争议争议重重的重重的干细胞干细胞 研究研究问题。问题。（CET-6，2006，12）New Words辨析辨析：“争执、不和争执、不和”controversy:侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指 对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。argument:指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。的辨论。conflict:指双方坚持已见，多暗示分歧极为严重，指双方坚持已见，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。debate:通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。之间的辩论。dispute:普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。锋相对的争辩。quarrel:普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。指温和的言词上的不和。3.suspend vt.1.officially stop sth.for a short time 暂停，中止暂停，中止,暂缓暂缓 Some rail services were suspended during the strike.罢工期间，有些铁路服务中止了。罢工期间，有些铁路服务中止了。Warming Up3.suspend Drivers risk having their licenses suspended for drunk driving.司机们如果酒后驾车司机们如果酒后驾车 会有吊销驾照的危险。会有吊销驾照的危险。New Words3.suspend 法官判处他缓刑。法官判处他缓刑。The judge gave him a suspended sentence.(a punishment that he would only suffer if he broke the law again in the future)New Words3.suspend 2.hang something up 悬；挂悬；挂 天花板上吊着一盏灯。天花板上吊着一盏灯。A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.New Words3.suspendphrases:suspend sth.(from)悬挂于悬挂于suspend payment 暂停支付暂停支付derivative:suspense n.悬念悬念suspension n.暂停中止，悬挂暂停中止，悬挂New Words4.strain n.1.拉紧，扯紧，绷紧拉紧，扯紧，绷紧 The rope broke under the strain.2.负担；压力负担；压力Long work will cause mental strain.3.不信任（的状态）；紧张不信任（的状态）；紧张 The current strain in relations between the two countries.New Words4.strain 4.损伤，扭伤，拉伤损伤，扭伤，拉伤phrases:under a lot of strain 背负很大压力背负很大压力 a back strain 背部扭伤背部扭伤New Words4.strain vt.1.（过分用力）损伤，（过分用力）损伤，扭伤，拉伤扭伤，拉伤I strained my back when I lifted the box.2.滤，过滤滤，过滤Has this tea been strained?3.使（某事物）超过极限，过分使（某事物）超过极限，过分My patience has been strained to the limit(s).New Words4.strain 4.使用到极限使用到极限 I strained my ears to try and hear what they were saying.phrases:strain ones wit 绞尽脑汁绞尽脑汁 strain ones ears/eyes 费劲地听费劲地听/看看New Words4.strain Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse,Cartmill says.可米尔认为男性可米尔认为男性定期定期进行进行体检体检无疑会无疑会增加增加国库国库负担负担。（CET-4,2008,12）New Words5.optimistic a.believing that good things will happen in the future 乐观的乐观的 No matter what happens,Jill is always very optimistic.optim(最佳最佳)pessim(最糟最糟)optimism 乐观乐观(主义主义)pessimism 悲观悲观(主义主义)optimist 乐观乐观(主义主义)者者pessimist 悲观悲观(主义主义)者者optimistic 乐观乐观(主义主义)的的pessimistic 悲观悲观(主义主义)的的New Words5.optimistic A gentleman is open-minded and optimistic;a small person is narrow-minded and pessimistic.君子坦荡荡，君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。小人长戚戚。New Words5.optimistic phrases:be optimistic about.对对.抱乐观态度抱乐观态度an optimistic mood乐观的情绪乐观的情绪an optimistic attitude乐观的态度乐观的态度New Words vt.say or do sth.that is rude and offensive to sb.侮辱，辱骂侮辱，辱骂 No one has the right to insult or attack homosexuals just because he/she doesnt like them.6.insultNew Words没有人有权力去侮辱和攻击同没有人有权力去侮辱和攻击同性恋者仅仅是因为他性恋者仅仅是因为他/她不喜欢她不喜欢他们。他们。6.insult n.a rude or offensive remark or action 侮辱；辱骂侮辱；辱骂 A professor at Peking University criticized that making the pandas father a duck is an insult to Chinese people.New Words-sult =leap，表示，表示“跳跳”insult v.侮辱侮辱 （in 进入进入+sult 踩到踩到别人的脸上别人的脸上侮辱侮辱别人别人）assault v.进攻，攻击进攻，攻击 （as 一再一再+sault=sult一再跳起来一再跳起来进攻）进攻）consult v.商讨，商讨，商量商量,咨询咨询 （con 共同共同+sult 跳到一起跳到一起 商讨）商讨）desultory a.散漫的散漫的 （de 分散分散+sult+ory 没有目标的跳没有目标的跳散漫的）散漫的）Structure AnalysisQuestions and Answers A very important technique of extending an idea or bringing out the relationship between the paragraphs is by questions and answers.While reading,readers naturally ask questions and expectanswers from the text.Title:Where Principles Come FirstQ1:What are the principles?Answers to Q1(Paras.1-2)Q 2:What are peoples attitude？Answers to Q2(Paras.3-11)Answers to Q4(Paras.17-19)Answers to Q3(Paras.12-16)Q 3:What are the detailed principles?Q 4:What are the results of the principles?Part I(Paras.1-2)Part IIPart IIIPart IVTo feed the readers curiosity about“Where Principles Come First”,the author starts his article with an introduction to the principles on which the Hyde School operates.Quotation(引言法引言法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?StructureMain idea?Part II(Paras.3-11)Part IPart IIIPart IVSince the Hyde principles are somewhat different from those of other schools,they are rejected by some schools,as described in Para.3,and appreciated by others,as described in Paras.4 11.Exemplification（举例法）（举例法）Devices for developing it?StructureThis part deals with detailed principles and approaches in the Hyde School program:valuing each students character-based unique potential,and requiring both students responsibility for each other and parents commitment to the program.Main idea？Devices for developing it?Part III(Paras.12-16)Part IPart IIPart IVDeduction(演绎法）演绎法）StructureThis part is about how beneficial or good the program is to both the teachers and the students.Main idea？Devices for developing it?Part IV(Paras.17-20)Part IPart IIPart IIIExemplification(举例法举例法)Comparison&Contrast(对比法对比法)StructureWhat is the principle of the Hyde School?Para 1 The Hyde School operates on the principle that if you teach students the merit of such values as truth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosity and concern,then academic achievement naturally follows.Hyde School founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the$18,000-a-year high school in Bath,Maine,which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters.ChineseWhat is the principle of the Hyde School?truth,courage,integrity,leadership,curiosity and concern Para 2“We dont see ourselves as a school for a type of kid,”says Malcolm Gauld,Josephs son,who graduated from Hyde and is now headmaster.“We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of lifeby cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.”Chinese2.The Hyde public school program was suspended because_.Para 3 Now,Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public,inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach.The first Hyde public school program opened in September 1992.Within months the program was suspended.Teachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense work.Chinese2.The Hyde public school program was suspended because_.teachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense work.3.When the Hyde Foundation opened a program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,what did the community fear?Para 4a This fall,the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore.Teachers will be trained to later work throughout the entire Baltimore system.Other US school managers are eyeing the program,too.Chinese Para 4b Last fall,the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,over parents protests.The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students.Chinese3.When the Hyde Foundation opened a program within a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven,Connecticut,what did the community fear?The community feared the school would attract inner-city minority and troubled students.Para 5 As in Maine,the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut.In one English class,the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1-10 scale.Chinese Para 6 “I get a 10.”Para 7 “I challenge that.You didnt do either your grammar or your spelling homework.”Para 8“OK,a seven.”Para 9“You ought to get a six.”Para 10“Wait,I put my best effort forth here.”Para 11“Yeah,but you didnt ask questions today.”Chinese Para 12a Explaining his approach to education,Joe Gauld says the conventional education system cannot be reformed.He notes“no amount of change”with the horse and carriage“will produce an automobile”.The Hyde School assumes“every human being has a unique potential”that is based on character,not intelligence or wealth.Conscience and hard work are valued.Chinese Para 12b Success is measured by growth,not academic achievement.Students are required to take responsibility for each other.To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools,Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.Chinese4.In which way the Hyde curriculum is similar to those of conventional schools?A)Students can choose selective course as they wish.B)Students are required to provide community services.C)Students should take performing arts and sports.D)It provides English,history,math and science to students.Para 13 The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college,complete with English,history,math and science.But all students are required to take performing arts and sports,and provide a community service.For each course,students get a grade for academic achievement and for“best effort”.At Bath,97%of the graduates attend four-year colleges.Chinese4.In which way the Hyde curriculum is similar to those of conventional schools?A)Students can choose selective course as they wish.B)Students are required to provide community services.C)Students should take performing arts and sports.D)It provides English,history,math and science to students.5.The parents must do the following so that their children can gain admission EXCEPT_.A)accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlookB)agree to attend monthly meetings in a regional groupC)attend three times a year the workshops,discussion groups or seminarsD)ensure their children to have an attendance rate of 95%at school Para 14a Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.For the student to gain admission,parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlook.The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups,go to a yearly three-day regional retreat,and spend at least three times a year in work-shops,discussion groups and seminars at Bath.Chinese Para 14b Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95%in the many sessions.Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts.The biggest obstacle for many parents,they say,is to realize their own weaknesses.Chinese5.The parents must do the following so that their children can gain admission EXCEPT_.A)accept and demonstrate the schools philosophies and outlookB)agree to attend monthly meetings in a regional groupC)attend three times a year the workshops,discussion groups or seminarsD)ensure their children to have an attendance rate of 95%at school Para 15 The process for public school parents is still being worked out,with a lot more difficulty because it is difficult to convince parents that it is worthwhile for them to participate.Of the 100 students enrolled in New Haven,about 30%of the parents attend special meetings.The low attendance is in spite of commitments they made at the outset of the program when Hyde officials interviewed 300 families.Chinese Para 16 Once the problems are worked out,Hyde should work well in public schools,says a teacher at Bath who taught for 14 years in public schools.He is optimistic that once parents make a commitment to the program,they will be daily role models for their children,unlike parents whose children are in boarding schools.Chinese 6.In the Hyde School,_ conduct the faculty evaluations.7.What are the beneficial results?Para 17a One former inner-city high school teacher who now works in the New Haven program,says teachers also benefit.“Here we really begin to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student.Our focus is really about teacher to student and then we together deal with the.academics.Chinese Para 17b In the traditional high school setting,its teacher to the material and then to the student.”The teacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde.Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students.Chinesethe students 6.In the Hyde School,_ conduct the faculty evaluations.7.What are the beneficial results?role model for children,fruitful relationship,an example of a student,going to college Para 18 Jimmy DiBattista,19,is amazed he will graduate this May from the Bath campus and plans to attend a university.Years ago,he had seen his future as“jail,not college”.DiBattista remembers his first days at Hyde.Chinese Para 19 “When I came here,I insulted and cursed everybody.Every other school was,Get out,we dont want to deal with you.I came here and they said,We kind of like that spirit.We dont like it with the negative attitudes.We want to turn that spirit positive.”ChineseN H C EN H C E品德至上品德至上Para.1 海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫高尔德高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，每年的学费高达巴思市，每年的学费高达1.81.8万美元，因其教万美元，因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。N H C EN H C EPara.2 “我们并不把自己看作一所专为某我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校，一类孩子而开设的学校，”马尔科姆马尔科姆高尔高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。现任海德中学校长。“我们把帮助孩子培养我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责，办法是倡导一种生活方式看作自己的职责，办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。”N H C EN H C EPara.3 现在，乔现在，乔高尔德高尔德（约瑟夫约瑟夫高尔德高尔德）正试正试图将他尚有争议的图将他尚有争议的“品德第一品德第一”的理念向旧城区的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年年9月。但几个月。但几个月后，该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高月后，该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。N H C EN H C EPara.4a 今年秋天，海德基金会计划在今年秋天，海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。N H C EN H C EPara.4b 去年秋天，在家长的一片抗议声去年秋天，在家长的一片抗议声中，海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊中，海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。N H C EN H C EPara.5 就像在缅因州那样，求真也在就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上，在一堂英语课上，11名学生用最后的名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照110的的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。现。N
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