外商投资新规--外资合伙企业

1外商投资新规外商投资新规外资合伙企业外资合伙企业 New Regulation on Foreign Investment-Foreign Invested Partnership Enterprises通力律师事务所通力律师事务所Llinks Law OfficesCCH外资合伙企业研讨会外资合伙企业研讨会Investing in Partnerships in China 2010 一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn中华人民共和国合伙企业法中华人民共和国合伙企业法(2006修订修订),2006年年8月月27日日颁布颁布、2007年年6月月1日起施行。日起施行。PRC Law of Partnership Enterprise(revised in 2006),promulgated on August 27,2006 and implemented as of June 1,2007.n中华人民共和国合伙企业登记管理办法中华人民共和国合伙企业登记管理办法(2007修订修订),2007年年5月月9日日颁布颁布、2007年年6月月1日起施行。日起施行。Administrative Measures on PRC Partnership Enterprise Registration(revised in 2007),promulgated on May 9,2007 and implemented as of June 1,2007.2一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业管理办法外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业管理办法 (“管理办法管理办法”)2009年年11月月25日日颁布颁布、2010年年3月月1日起施行。日起施行。Administrative Measures on Establishment of Partnership Enterprises by Foreign Enterprise or Individual in China(the“Measures”),promulgated on November 25,2009 and implemented as of March 1,2010.n外商投资合伙企业登记管理规定外商投资合伙企业登记管理规定(征求意见稿征求意见稿)Administrative Measures on Foreign Invested Partnership Enterprises Registration(Draft for Public Comments)3一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overview普通合伙企业普通合伙企业:由普通合伙人组成,合伙人对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任。General Partnership Enterprise(“GPE”):consisting of general partners who shall assume unlimited,joint and several liability for the GPEs debts.4一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overview有限合伙企业有限合伙企业:由普通合伙人和有限合伙人组成,普通合伙人对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任,有限合伙人以其认缴的出资额为限对合伙企业债务承担责任。Limited Partnership Enterprise(“LPE”/“LLP”):consisting of general partner(s)who assume unlimited,joint and several liability for the LPEs debts,and limited partner(s)who assume limited liability for the LPEs debts to the extent of capital contributions subscribed by such limited partner(s).5一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overview外商投资合伙企业外商投资合伙企业:2个以上外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业,以及外国企业或者个人与中国的自然人自然人、法人和其他组织在中国境内设立合伙企业Foreign Invested Partnership Enterprise(“FIPE”):partnership enterprises established by more than 2 foreign enterprises or individuals,or by foreign enterprise(s)or individual(s)with Chinese natural person(s),legal person(s)or other organization(s)in China6一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资普通合伙企业外资普通合伙企业Foreign GPE7外国投资人Foreign Investor中国投资人Chinese Investor外资普通合伙企业FI GPE(作为合伙人)(as partner)(作为合伙人)(as partner)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资普通合伙企业外资普通合伙企业Foreign GPE8外国投资人Foreign Investor外国投资人Foreign Investor外资普通合伙企业FI GPE(作为合伙人)(as partner)(作为合伙人)(as partner)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资有限合伙企业外资有限合伙企业Foreign LPE9外国投资人Foreign Investor中国投资人Chinese Investor外资有限合伙企业FI LPE(作为GP)(as GP)(作为LP)(as LP)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资有限合伙企业外资有限合伙企业Foreign LPE10外国投资人Foreign Investor外国投资人Foreign Investor外资有限合伙企业FI LPE(作为GP)(as GP)(作为LP)(as LP)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资有限合伙企业外资有限合伙企业(续续)Foreign LPE(continued)11中国投资人Chinese Investor外国投资人Foreign Investor外资有限合伙企业FI LPE(作为GP)(as GP)(作为LP)(as LP)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overviewn外资有限合伙企业外资有限合伙企业(续续)Foreign LPE(continued)12外国投资人Foreign Investor中国投资人Chinese Investor外资有限合伙企业FI LPE(作为GP)(as GP)外国投资人Foreign Investor外国投资人Foreign Investor(作为GP)(as GP)(作为LP)(as LP)(作为LP)(as LP)一一.法规概述法规概述 Regulatory Overview外商投资合伙企业系继中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业和外资企业(“三资企业”)以及外商投资股份有限公司后,外国投资者在中国境内直接投资的又一种组织形式。FIPE is a new form of organization directly invested by foreign investors in China,aside from Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprises,Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprises and Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises(“FIE”)and Foreign Invested Company Limited by Shares.13二二.立法背景立法背景Background of the Measuresn2007年年3月初月初,商务部办公厅发布商务部办公厅发布外商投资合伙企业管理办法外商投资合伙企业管理办法(送审稿送审稿)(“送审稿送审稿”),共四章共四章38条。条。In March 2007,the general office of MOFCOM publicized the Administrative Measures on PRC Partnership Enterprise Registration(Draft for Examination)(the“Draft Measures”),which was divided into 4 chapters containing 38 articles.14二二.立法背景立法背景Background of the Measuresn必要性必要性:填补缺位法规填补缺位法规Necessary:Supplementary(gap-filler)regulationsn敏感性敏感性:与私募股权基金关联度高与私募股权基金关联度高 Sensitive:Closely related to private equity fundn2007：经济形势乐观：经济形势乐观 宏观调控宏观调控 外资热钱恐慌外资热钱恐慌2007:Economic optimism Macro-controls Foreign hot money panicn2008：政策侧重于平衡：政策侧重于平衡,立法趋于谨慎立法趋于谨慎2008:Balance and prudent law-making proceduren2009：“保八保八”定基调定基调2009:“Eight-percent GDP growth”benchmark policy15The Official Draft Measures finally promulgated has only 16 articles.二二.立法背景立法背景Background of the Measures2009年11月,国务院最终颁布管理办法,其简化了原送审稿的内容,修正了送审稿中诸多突破合伙企业法的规定(例如合伙人出资方式、期限、合伙协议及其修正案的效力、合伙协议的准据法律等)。The Measures was finally approved by the State Council,which largely simplified the contents of the Draft Measures and revised a number of provisions in the Draft Measures which are inconsistent with the Partnership Enterprise Law(e.g.,method and schedule of capital contribution by partners,term,effectiveness of partnership agreements and its amendments,applicable law of partnership agreements,etc).16三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 是三资企业法的补充是三资企业法的补充?还是合伙企业法的补充还是合伙企业法的补充?A Gap-Filler to the Regulations on FIEs?OrA Supplemental to the Partnership Law?17三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 1.改审批制为登记制改审批制为登记制 Replace Examination&Approval by Registration送审稿送审稿:设立外商投资合伙企业,应当由合伙人或者其委托的代表提出申请,商务主管部门审查批准后,发给批准证书。此外,外资合伙企业的相关事项发生变更,也需要同三资企业一样,取得商务主管部门的事先批准后方可进行登记。Draft Measures:To establish a FIPE,the partners or their duly authorized representatives shall apply to the competent administration for examination,approval,and issuance of the approval certificate.Moreover,any changes relating to a FIPE shall obtain prior approval of the competent administration for examination before registration for such changes,which is the same as FIEs.18三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 管理办法管理办法:外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业,应当由全体合伙人指定的代表或者共同委托的代理人向国务院工商行政管理部门授权的地方工商行政管理部门(以下称“企业登记机关”)申请设立登记。The Measures:For a foreign enterprise or individual to establish a PE in China,a representative designated or jointly authorized by all the partners shall apply for registration of establishment to the local administration of industry and commerce authorized by SAIC(“Registration Authority”).19三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 管理办法管理办法:企业登记机关予以登记的,应当同时将有关登记信息向同级商务主管部门通报。外商投资合伙企业变更登记或者注销登记的,企业登记机关应当同时将有关变更登记或者注销登记的信息向同级商务主管部门通报。The Measures:Upon registration,the Registration Authority shall simultaneously report the registration data to the administration of commerce of the same level.In case of registration of change or deregistration of a FIPE,the Registration Authority shall report the corresponding data to the administration of commerce of the same level.20三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 管理办法管理办法:提交中华人民共和国合伙企业登记管理办法规定的文件以及符合外商投资产业政策的说明。The Measures:Submitting the documents stipulated in the Administrative Measures on PRC Partnership Enterprise Registration and an explanation for compliance with the foreign investment industry policy.21三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 问题问题:如果涉及限制或者禁止外商投资产业政策的领域,管理办法并未直接规定是否须经商务主管部门的审查批准。Issue:If involving industries where foreign investment is restricted or prohibited,the Measures did not directly stipulated whether the examination and approval by the administration of commerce shall be obtained.问题问题:是否意味着工商局具有一定的审核权?Q:Does the Registration Authority have the power of examination and approval?22三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 问题问题:外资合伙企业若涉及限制类行业领域,是否会参照适用三资企业境内再投资规定？Issue:If a FIPE involves restricted industries,whether the above provisions on FIE reinvestment in China will be used as reference?三资企业境内再投资,不得对禁止类领域再投资,若再投资涉及限制类,则工商局在登记前要求申请人取得商务主管部门的审查批准。FIEs cannot reinvest in prohibited industries in China.If involving restricted industries,the Registration Authority requires that the applicant obtain the examination and approval by the administration of commerce before registration.23三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 24对于取消审批制度的猜想对于取消审批制度的猜想:Speculation on Abandoning the Examination and Approval System 宏观层面宏观层面整个经济和政策大环境发生变化,商务部的职能可能发生变化Macroscopic View:With the change in the entire economic and political environment,the responsibilities and functions of MOFCOM may also changed.三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 技术层面技术层面由于合伙企业(特别是普通合伙企业)非常弱化“认缴出资”的概念,认缴出资具有相当的灵活性,“投资总额”和“注册资本”对合伙企业适用度不高。Technical View:Because PE(esp.GPE)weakens the concept of Subscribed Capital(which is quite flexible),the concept of TOTAL INVESTMENT and REGISTERED CAPITAL may not completely applicable to LPE.25三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 例外例外投资项目核准投资项目核准:外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业涉及须经政府核准的投资项目的,依照国家有关规定办理投资项目核准手续。Exception approval of invested project:If the establishment a PE in China by a foreign enterprise or individual involves an invested project requiring government approval,the project approval formalities shall be carried out according to the relevant PRC laws.26三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 2.行业准入和经营范围行业准入和经营范围 Industry Access and Business Scope送审稿送审稿:外商投资合伙企业的设立和经营活动应符合国家关于外商投资的产业政策。从事外商投资产业指导目录规定的“限于合资、合作”产业的外商投资合伙企业中,必须有一名以上的中国普通合伙人。从事外商投资产业指导目录规定的“中方控股”或者“中方相对控股”产业的外商投资合伙企业中,中国合伙人对于合伙企业法第三十一条所规定事项之外的其他待决事项应当具有决定权。从事“中方控股”产业的外商投资合伙企业,中国合伙人分配比例之和为51%及以上;从事“中方相对控股”产业的外商投资合伙企业,中国合伙人的分配比例之和大于任何一方外国合伙人的分配比例。27三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures Draft Measures:The establishment and business activities of a FIPE shall comply with the foreign investment industry policy of the PRC.A FIPE engaging in the industries limited to Equity Joint Venture or Contractual Joint Venture,as stipulated in the Catalogue for Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries,must have more than 1 Chinese GP.As for a FIPE engaging in the industries where the Chinese parties must hold a majority or relative majority of shares,the Chinese partner shall have the decision making power on the matters other than those stipulated by Article 31 of the Partnership Enterprise Law.As for a FIPE engaging in the industries where the Chinese parties must hold a majority of shares,the total proportion allocated to the Chinese partners shall be 51%or more;as for a FIPE engaging in the industries where the Chinese parties must hold a relative majority of shares,the total proportion allocated to the Chinese partners shall be more than that of each of the foreign partners.28三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 送审稿送审稿:外商投资合伙企业不得通过合伙人财产份额的出质、转让和强制执行、合伙企业的表决办法、合伙人的入伙和退伙、有限合伙人和普通合伙人的相互转变等方式规避前述要求。Draft Measures:A FIPE cannot evade the above requirements by methods of pledge,transfer and enforcement of contributed shares of the partners,voting system of PE,partners joining and withdrawing from the enterprise,change from LP to GP or vice versa,etc.29三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 管理办法管理办法:外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立合伙企业,应当遵守合伙企业法以及其他有关法律、行政法规、规章的规定,符合有关外商投资的产业政策。Draft Measures:Establishment of a PE in China by foreign enterprise or individual should be in compliance with the Partnership Enterprise Law and the provisions of other relevant laws,administrative regulations and the foreign investment industry policies.30三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 问题问题:送审稿中设定的标准也缺乏合理性,例如其要求“中方控股”产业的外商投资合伙企业,中国合伙人分配比例之和为51%及以上,从事“中方相对控股”产业的外商投资合伙企业,中国合伙人的分配比例之和大于任何一方外国合伙人的分配比例。Issue:The standards set forth by the Examination Draft Measures was not reasonable,such as the requirement that the Chinese partners have the total allocation proportion of 51%or more,and that a FIPE where the Chinese parties hold relative majority of shares must have a total allocation proportion which is be more than that of each of the foreign partners.31三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 问题问题:将来是否会出台类似的补充规定、细则,目前无法预期。但在外资合伙企业登记制的原则下,商务主管部门无法直接参与外资合伙企业的审批,这可能也是给将来制订细则留下的悬念。Issue:It is unpredictable now whether similar supplemental regulations will be promulgated in future.Notwithstanding,based on the principle of registration of foreign PE,MOFCOM is unable to involve in the approal of FIPES,which was probably left open to future promulgation of detailed regulations.32三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 问题问题:是否意味着股权投资基金可以无需审批以外资合伙企业的形式设立?Q:Can equity investment funds be established in the form of FIPE without being examined and approved?管理办法管理办法:国家对外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立以投资为主要业务的合伙企业另有规定的,依照其规定。因此,对于以投资为主要业务(包括股权投资)的外资合伙企业,其仍受到其他相关规定的限制和约束。The Measures:If other regulations provide for the establishment of PE in China,as established by foreign enterprises or individuals,which mainly engage in investment businesses,such regulations shall be observed.Therefore,as for a FIPE mainly engaging in investment businesses(including equity investment),it shall still be limited and subject to other relevant regulations.33三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of the Measures 3.资本、出资和融资资本、出资和融资 Capital,Capital Contribution and Financing三资企业三资企业:以公司制形式设立的三资企业有注册资本和投资总额的概念。FIE:FIE incorporated in the form of a company has registered capital and total investment amount.合伙企业合伙企业:合伙人认缴出资和实际出资。普通合伙人可以用货币、实物、知识产权、土地使用权或者其他财产权利出资,也可以用劳务出资,但有限合伙人不得以劳务出资。PE:subscribed capital and actual capital of the partners.A GP can contribute its capital in cash,in kind,by way of IP,land use right or other property rights,or by way of labor service.But a LP shall not make capital contribution by way of labor service.34三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿送审稿:外国合伙人以货币出资的,应为可自由兑换的外币。经审批机关批准,外国合伙人可以用其从中国境内举办的其他企业获得的人民币利润,或者以这些企业转股和清算所得等合法获得的人民币出资。The Draft Measures:Capital contribution by foreign partners in cash shall be convertible foreign currency.After approval by the approval authority,foreign partners can make capital contribution by using RMB profits drawn from other enterprises in China set up by them,or RMB incomes from equity transfer and liquidation of such enterprises.35三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿送审稿:外商投资合伙企业的出资额,是指为设立企业,在工商行政管理机关登记的合作各方认缴的、除劳务出资之外的出资额之和。外商投资合伙企业的出资额一般不得减少。如因生产经营规模变化等原因确需减少的,须经审批机关批准。The Draft Measures:The amount of capital contribution of a FIPE means the sum of the capital subscribed by all the partners(excluding labor service)which is registered with the Registration Authority for establishment of such enterprise.Generally,the amount of the FIPE shall not be reduced.If necessary due to change of production and business scale,the reduction shall be approved by the approval authority.36三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿送审稿:外商投资合伙企业的投资总额的核定,根据其出资额的数额,参照中外合资经营企业的注册资本与投资总额的比例规定办理。The Draft Measures:The total investment amount of a FIPE shall be examined and determined based on its amount of capital contribution by reference to the regulations in proportion to the registered capital and total investment amount of Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprises.37三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿送审稿:除以劳务出资外,合伙人一般应当从颁发批准证书之日起90天内一次缴清合伙协议约定的出资。The Draft Measures:Except for labor service,generally,the partners shall pay its capital stipulated in the partnership agreement in a lump sum within 90 days after issuance of the approval certificate.38三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 管理办法管理办法:外国企业或者个人用于出资的货币应当是可自由兑换的外币,也可以是依法获得的人民币。The Measures:Currency contributed by foreign partners in cash shall be convertible foreign currency or RMB legally obtained by the foreign partners.39三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 虽然虽然送审稿送审稿对于外资合伙企业的对于外资合伙企业的“投资总额投资总额”作出规定作出规定,但但管理管理办法办法未采纳此概念。未采纳此概念。Although the Draft Measures provided the total investment amount of FIPE,the Measures did not include such concept.送审稿送审稿限制外国合伙人以劳务进行出资。限制外国合伙人以劳务进行出资。管理办法管理办法未采纳未采纳此观点。此观点。The Draft Measures restrict foreign partners from making capital contribution by way of labor service,but the Measures removed such restrictions.40三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 与送审稿相比,管理办法并未限制外国投资人用于出资的人民币来源,而仅仅是要求“依法获得”。但由于中国外汇管理制度的限制,除了境内取得的人民币利润、投资转让、清算所得的人民币资金之外,外国投资人通过其他途径合法取得人民币资金的渠道非常有限,原则上外国投资人转让境内资产、股权取得的收益应当立即结汇汇出境外。Compared with the Draft Measures,the Measures did not set out restrictions on sources of RMB capital contribution of foreign investors,but only require such RMB be legally obtained.Subject to the restrictions under the foreign exchange control system of the PRC,besides the RMB profits drawn in China and RMB incomes from equity transfer and liquidation,the foreign investors have limited avenues for obtaining RMB capital through other legal means.In principle,foreign investors shall promptly settle and remit abroad the foreign exchange derived from the earnings arising out of transfer of assets and equity in China.41三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿规定,合伙人对外资合伙企业的出资额未经批准不得减少。管理办法取消了此项限制。依照合伙企业法,合伙人按照合伙协议的约定或者经全体合伙人决定，可以增加或者减少对合伙企业的出资。The Draft Measures provided that the partners shall not reduce the amount of capital contributed to the FIPE without approval.The Measures did not include such a provision.According to the Partnership Enterprise Law,partners can increase or reduce the capital contribution of a FIPE based on the partnership agreement or the decision of all the partners.42三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 送审稿规定了合伙人的缴付出资期限(颁发批准证书之日起90日内),这一规定突破了合伙企业法,也改变了合伙企业出资灵活性的特点,因此在管理办法未采用此项规定。The Draft Measures set forth the schedule for capital contribution by the partners(within 90 days after issuance of the approval certificate),which exceeds the scope of the Partnership Enterprise Law and also changes the flexibility of capital contribution as a feature of PE,so such provision was not included under the Measures.43三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 问题问题:外资合伙企业没有投资总额概念,其外汇额度如何设定?Q:Without the concept of total investment amount for the FIPE,how is the foreign exchange quota established?44三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 目前缺乏实践和法规细则的依据,我们理解应当以外资合伙企业的认缴出资为限,授予外资合伙企业的外汇额度,但也不排除为了限制外汇流动,而仅仅以外国投资人的出资部分为限授予外汇额度(可能性较小)。Currently,there lacks a guideline both in practice and by detailed regulation.We understand that the foreign exchange quota shall be limited to the subscribed capital contribution of the FIPE.It is also possible(although less likely)that,in order to restrict the flow of foreign exchange,the foreign exchange quota will be limited to the capital contribution made by the foreign investors.45三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 问题问题:三资企业可以在投资总额和注册资本的差额(“投注差”)范围内举借外债或者筹集境内银行借款。但外资合伙企业不存在投注差的概念,是否意味着其无法举借资金?Q:FIEs can borrow foreign loans or raise money from domestic banks within the scope of the difference between the total investment amount and the registered capital(“Borrowing Limitation”).While the FIPE do not have the concept of a Borrowing Limitation,how do such enterprises go about borrowing money?46三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 外债只能在外汇管理局授予的外汇额度内进行。境内人民币借款在实践中容易突破“投注差”的限制,但取决于贷款人的实践操作。Foreign loans can only be borrowed within the scope of the foreign exchange quota granted by the administration of foreign exchange.Domestic RMB loans may easily exceed the Borrowing Gap limit,as long as the borrower provides sufficient security to the lenders satisfaction.47三三.管理办法管理办法的主要内容和特的主要内容和特点点 Main Content and Feature of The Measures 4.组织机构简单化组织机构简单化 Simplification of Organizational Structure48类型类型组织机构组织机构责任责任权力机构权力机构 董事会董事会监事会监事会高级管理人员高级管理人员股东责任股东责任董监高责任董监高责任外商投资外商投资企业企业外商独资企业外商独资企业股东外商独资的有限责任公司的组织机构应当符合公司法和公司章程的规定有限责任(例外刺破公司面纱)董事、监事、高级管理人员应当遵守法律、行政法规和公司章程,对公司负有忠实义务和勤勉义务中外合资企业中外合资企业董事会董事会成员不得少于3人 外商投资公司应当设立监事制度,具体事宜可以由公司章程规定正副总经理（或正副厂长）由合营各方分别担任合营企业设经营管理机构,负责企业的日常经营管理工作总经理、副总经理由合营企业董事会聘请中外合作企业中外合作企业董