同等学力英语语法总结

同等学力英语比拟状语从句常用引导词：as同级比拟），than不同程度的 比拟） 特殊引导词：the more . the more . ; just as . , so.*A is to B what /as X is to Y; no . more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.她和她妈一样脾气暴躁。The house is three times as big as ours.这所房子是我们的三倍大。The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.越锻炼你就越安康。Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。同等学力英语让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词和词组：although, though （虽然）；even if, eventhough （即使）；as, while 尽管）;whetheror 不管还是）;whoever,nomatterwho （无论谁）；whenever, no matter when （无 论何时）；however, nomatterhow （无论怎样）；whatever, nomatterwhat （无论什么）等。 1） although 和 though都表示“虽然，但although比though正式, 更多用于句首;二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless 连用，但不能和 but 连用：He didnt stop working though （或 although） he was ill.他虽然病了，但未停顿工作。（2）as引导的让步状 语从句要用倒装语序，可用though代替，但比though 语气强，被倒装的局部可以是表语、状语和动词原形: Child as （或 though） he is, he knows a lot.表语；名 词他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。当表语是可数名词单数时，不能加不定冠词a或an）。Good as he is, he will never be top of his class.表语；形容词 他虽然很好，但他决不会成为班上的尖子。Hard as或 though） he works, he makes little progress.状语；曷U 词 虽然他工作很努力，但却几乎没有进步。Try as （或 though） he might, he could not find a job.谓语； 动词原形 不管他怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。（3） while有时可引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于 句首： Wliile I like the color, I dont like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。（4）whatever （或 whenever. J nomatterwhat f 或 when.） 二者都可引导让步状语从句，但前者有时还可以引出 主语从句和宾语从句等，后者却不行：Whatever （或No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (X犬语从 句) 不管你说什么，我决不相信你的话。门1 eat whatever (7110 matter what) you give me.宾语从句 你给我什么我就吃什么。同等学力英语方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词：as如同)；asif或 asthough)(好似)o 1 ) as 和 like 都有“就像 的意思，as是连词，后加句子；like是介词，后加名 词、代词或名词性短语：I work as others do(或 likeothers).我像别人那样工作。 (2 ) asif, asthough两 者意义一样，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，asif比 asthough 更常用：They are talking as if (或 asthough)they had seen a ghost.他们谈着话,就像是见了鬼。 asif和asthough 有时可引导表语从句。同等学力英语条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词或词组：if, suppose, supposingthat) , provided, providing (that), onconditionthat如果，假设)；unless (除非)；so（或 as） longas （只要）；incase （万一）。 在条 件状语从句中，要用一般时态代替将来时（和时间状 语从句一样）：You will miss the train if you dont hurry.你要不快点，就会误了火车。Awin表示“愿意 时，是情态动词，可用与条件状语从句：If you will go, please tell me.如果你愿意去的话，请告诉我。 （1 ） unless 在意义上等于if.not,但比if语气更强：You will fail unless you study hard. （= You will fail if you do not study hard.）除非你努力学习，否那么你要失败。可用于 虚拟语气，unless不用于虚拟语气。（2 ） suppose和 supposing （that）相当于 if。 （3） provide, providingthat, onconditionthat, so （或 as） longas 相当 于 only if： As long as （ = Only if） you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。 （4 ） incase Do tell us in case you have any trouble.万一有什么困难，一定告诉我们。incase引导 目的状语从句时也可用should表示可能性小些。同等学力英语结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词：sothat, suchthat （如此以致于）;sothat, that结果）等。（1 ）so.that, such.that常用句型为：so +形容词（或副词）+that so +形容词+ a （或an） +单数可数名词+that such + a或an） （+形容词）+单数可数名词+ that such+形容词）+复数可数名词+that such+形容词）+不可数名词+that such+thatHe spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.他讲得太快，我跟不上。It was such a good day （= It was so good a day） that we all went swimming.天气那么好，我们都去游泳了。The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.电影如此精彩，观众都被深深打动了。A-so + many （或 much, few, little） +名词，such+alotof （或lotsof）+名词是习惯用法，不可乱用。（2 ）sothat, that都可以表示结果,sothat较常用，that多见 于口 语中：He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed in the exam.他没用功学习，结果他考试没及格。sothat引 导目的状语从句时，该从句中常用may （或might）等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中多不用情态 动词，而且从句前有逗号；再者可根据上下文判断。同等学力英语目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词：in order that, so that(为 了)； for fear that, in case, lest以免)等。 (1 ) in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中需用情态 动词，现在时态常用may, can或will；过去时态常用 could, should或might (含义正式)，有时也用wouldo in order that 比 sothat 正式，inorderthat 引导的从句可 位于主句前，也可位于主句后；而sothat引导的从句 只可位于主句后：He sent the letter by air mail in order that或 sothat) it might reach them in good time.这封信他航空寄去，以便他们能及时收到。(2forfearthat, incase, lest引导的目的状语从句中 常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词形式常为“should+动词 原形 ： He took his raincoat with him in case (或 forfearthat 或 lest) it should rain.他带上了雨衣以免下雨。同等学力英语原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词：because （因为）；as （由于）;since, nowthat （既然）；seeingthat鉴于） 等。 （1 ） because, since, as 都可表示“因为。 because表示原因的语气最强，通常答复以疑问词 why引导的问句，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主 句后；since表示稍加分析后而推断出来的原因，比as 正式；as表示对方道的原因。since和as不答复why 引导的疑问句，而且其从句一般放在句首：Ido it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。Since no one is against it, lefs carry out the plan.既然没人反对，我们就执行这个方案吧。As he wasnt ready in time, we went without him.由于他未及时准备好，我们没等他就走r。 because是连词，becauseof是介词短语。because和 so不可同时使用，只用其中的一个。for也常引导表 示原因的分句，但for是并列连词，因此不能用于句 首；for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，且for前 常有逗号： The days are short, for it is now December.白天短了，因为已是1 2月了。 （2）局部 表示感情的状态形容词（如sorry, glad, pleased等） 有时可接一个that引导的从句表示原因，作状语从句（但也有人认为是宾语从句）：I am sorry that I have caused so much trouble.真对不起，给你添了这么多麻烦。同等学力英语地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词：where在地方）； wherever无论何地）；everywhere每一地方）等：There are plenty of sheep where I live.我住的地方羊很多 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。指具体地点时，从句可放在 主句前，也可放在主句后（如前一例句）；兼有抽象 条件的含义时，从句须放在主句前（如后一例句）。同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作主语和表语用法 晶藁一、解析非谓动词作主语晶薨1.不定式作主语。 如： 慕慕 To say is easier than to do.晶建解析：用不定式作主语时，常表示一次性的、具 体的、特指的动作，并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。 如上例可改为：It is easier to say than to do.MM 2.动名词作主语。如：MM Walking after supper is good for both young and old.葛晶解析：假设表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动 名词。薨薨二、解析非谓语动词作表语慕薨1.不定式 作表语 o 如: 慕藕 What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.慕慕 The library books are not allowed to be taken away. 藉藕解析：不定式作表语时，其后接动词（词组）主 动式或被动式，与其最近的动词采用原形。2.动 名词作表语。如：MM His job is teaching.鬲鬲 The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.晶晶解析：动名词作表语时，表语既具有动词特征又 具有名词性，甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。如上例 可 改为：Teaching is his job.MM 3-分词作表语。如：MM The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.藁藁解析：现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征, 表语与主语之间是主动关系，并且常以物作主语，译 为“某物怎么样；过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的 心理状态，主语和表语之间存在被动关系，并且常以 人作主语，译为“某人感到怎么样。具有这一用法的 有：surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage 等。同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作定语的用法 晶蒐解析非谓语动词作定语葛晶1.不定式作定语。如： 慕慕 Every day the workers have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）MM She has no wish to go with you.（同 位关系）慕慕 The second officer to come in was Smith.（主谓关系）薨墓 This is the best way to learn a foreign language.（修饰关系）晶晶解析：不定式作定语时通 常后置，即作后置定语，表示将要发生的动作，与被 修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系、同位关系、主谓关系 或修饰关系。薨晶2.动名词作定语。如：MM We shall have a writing competition.慕慕 There is a swimming pool in the park.藁藁解析：用动名词作定语，起说明被修饰名词性质 或用途的作用。MM3.分词作定语。晶晶1）现在 分词作定语。如：MM Now there is a fire burning in the fireplace.慕慕 The villagers built a road leading to the city.藁晶解析：现在分词作定语时，与它修饰的词之间存 在逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进展 或经常性、现在或当时的状态。2）过去分词作 定语。如： 慕鬲 There is a village called Gum Tree far away from here.鬲鬲 The Olympic Games, first played in 775BC, did not include women players until 1912.藁晶解析：过去分词作定语时，与它所修饰的词之间 存在被动关系。过去分词所表示的动作是在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前发生，或没有固定的时间性。同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作表语的用法 晶晶解析非谓语动词作宾语舒晶L不定式作宾语。薨 慕如： 慕慕 She pretended not to see me when I came in. MM Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.藉晶解析：有些动词之后要用不定式作宾语。表示某 次具体的动作或行为。类似的动词有hope, agree, choose,manage,promise,expect,determine,decide,seek,ref use,arrange,desire等。MM 2.动名词作宾语。晶鬲如: 晶慈 Would you mind my opening the window?慕慕 He didnt remember having lived with his friend before.葛晶解析：有些动词（词组）后接动名词形式，表示 动作的经常性、习惯性或已经完成。类似的词有enjoy, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider, delay, put off, give up等。慕晶注意：want, need, require等动词以物作主 语时，其后的宾语用主动式表被动含义或用不定式的 被动式。如 Those young trees need watering/ to be watered.另外，还有少数动词，如 mean, stop, tiy, cant help等后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但各自发生时 间有先后。如：晶鬲（1） 一The light in the room is stillon.薨薨潼薨一Oh, I forgot to turn it off.慕慕（2） 一Where is your pen?慕慕慕慕一Oh, I remember having putting it in my bag.同等学历英语指导之非谓语动词作宾、主语补足语的用法晶晶解析非谓语动词作宾语补足语、主语补足语藕薨 1.不定式作宾语、主语补足语。如：MM The policeman told the boy not to play on the road.慕慕 The old man was often seen to stand at the door of his house.慕基解析：诸如 get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit,encourage, request, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn 等动词后都可用不定式作宾语补足语。但hope, think, agree, insist, plan, suppose, suggest, announce, demand等动词不能这样用。如果动词let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等，用于 被动语态中时，那么可以用不定式作主语补足语。M M2.分词作宾语、主语补足语。MM U）现在分词 作宾语、主语补足语。如：晶晶Tom s father saw him sitting on the eggs.晶鬲 Soon steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 舒舒解析：现在分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示现 在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主 语之间存在主动关系。2）过去分词作宾语、主 语补足语。如:MM I had my house painted last week. 葡鬲 Her book was found stolen when Kate came back home.藁藁解析：过去分词作宾语、主语补足语时，表示过 去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的宾语或主语，与逻辑主 语之间存在被动关系。同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（1）1）语气： 陈述，疑问，祈使，虚拟2）虚拟语气: 表示一种纯然假想的情况或主观愿望，动词需要用一 种特殊形式。 形式分为三类：现在虚拟语气（动词用原形），过去虚拟语气（动词用过去式，但动词 be要用were）,过去完成形式（动词用过去完成时）。 有些情态动词，如should, would, might常用在虚拟语 气中。3）虚拟语气在条件句中的用法： 虚拟条件 句：就是包含条件从句的句子。条件句分为：真实条件句有些条件句是可能实现的。 虚拟 条件句有些条件句是纯假象的句子。If we leavenow, we can still catch the train.If I had enough money, I would buy a computer.If you are waiting for a bus yoifd better join the queue.4）表示现在和将来情况的虚拟条件句：表示现在或 将来的虚拟条件句从句中的谓语（用过去式形 式）；主句谓语（would+动词原形）If I had a map I would lend it to you.If you left your bike outside, someone would steal it.If I were you Id plant some trees round the house.注：If I were you句中，were不能改成was,但在 第三人称单数后用was也可以。如：If Helen were（was） here how nice it would be!主句谓语有时也可以由might, could构成。If I could type, I might save a lot of time.If he had a permit he could get a job.在条件句从句中有时还可以用were to +动词，或 should+动词。If he were （was） to resign, who would take his place?If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you. 在某些条件从句中（如were to +动词，should+动 词），if有时可以省略，这时语序要改为倒装。Werel Tom, I would refuse.Were I in your shoes I would let him know what I thought of him.Should she be interested, Ill phone her.从句有时可以用If it were not for这种句型，表示“假 设不是o If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.同等学力英语虚拟语气小结（2）表示过去情况的虚拟条件句：（这类从句表示一 个与事实相反的过去情况）表示过去情况的虚拟条 件句条件从句中的谓语相当于过去式的形式）； 主句的谓语would have+过去分词）If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.If I had left sooner, Id have caught the bus.Wliat would you have done if yoifd been in my position? 注：在主句中，如果主语是第一人称，可以用should 构成谓语。I should (would) have talked it to my mother if I had thought of it.主句中也可用could和might构成，有时还可由 should 构成。If my father had lived, he could have done all this for me.If we had found him earlier we might have saved his life. If he had apologized, you should have done so too.从句中也可用had not been for来构成谓语，表示“要 不是o If it hadnt been for your timely help, we would have got into serious trouble.If it hadnt been for her meticulous care, I wouldnt have got well so soon.if有时可以省略，但后面局部需要倒装。Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it. Had it not been for their support, we couldnt have won the election.Had Mark been in charge, it wouldnt have happened.其他知识点：1)常考点有：对a、过去的虚拟语气，b、 错综句的考察，c、还有去掉if将助动词had，情态 动词should, be动词提前等2)要注意哪些词可以用 作虚拟语气如 as if f though） , if only, demand, insist, suggest但要注意suggest表示“说明时不用虚拟语 气，如 her expression suggest that she made a mistake. 3）要求，建议，命令等+ （should） do,用虚拟语气 demand, insist, require, request, demand, desire, ask（要 求）,suggest, advise, propose（提议），urge（催促），vote（投票），command（命令），order, recommend, intend, petition（恳请）。4） It is adj. that.用虚拟语气 important, illegal, essential, vital, appropriate, unfair, dreadful, strange, surprising, natural, unthinkable 5） If s （high） time后的定语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气（多用过去虚拟语气）Ifs high time we went.6）错综时间条件句：有些条件句主句谓语和从句谓语 表示的动作在时间上并不一致。If the weather had been more favorable, the corps would be growing still better. If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.