居住区规划交往空间毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献

居住区规划交往空间中英文资料外文翻译文献PLANNINGANDDESIGNOFASSOCIATIONSPACEOFRESIDENTIALAREAXIALIANGDONGABSTRACTTHEASSOCIATIONSPACEREFERSTOTHEINDOORANDOUTDOORSPACEFORCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENRESIDENTSTHEARTICLEPRESENTSANOVERALLDISCUSSIONOFTHENECESSITY，HIERARCHYANDFUNCTIONALITYOFASSOCIATIONSPACE,WITHAWISHTOCREATEPOSITIVEANDHEALTHYASSOCIATIONATMOSPHEREANDSTIMULATEGOODCOMMUNICATIONAMONGRESIDENTSSOTHATTHERESIDENTIALAREACANBECOMEAHOMELANDFULLOFLOVEANDHARMONYKEYWORDSRESIDENTIALAREA；ASSOCIATIONSPACE；NECESSITY；HIERARCHY；FUNCTIONALITY0FOREWORDASTHEHOUSINGSYSTEMREFORMANDTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFREALESTATE,URBANRESIDENTIALAREASLARGEURBANSETTLEMENTSHAVEEMERGEDONTHELAYOUTOFRESIDENTIALBUILDINGS,PUBLICBUILDINGS,PUBLICGREENSPACE,LIFEANDLIVINGFACILITIESSUCHASROADS,TOPROVIDEURBANRESIDENTSLIVEINTHECOMMUNITYANDTHEESTABLISHMENT,ISANINTEGRALPARTOFTHECITYEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREARESIDENTSISTOCOMMUNICATEANDEXCHANGEOFINDOORANDOUTDOORSPACEATTHISSTAGE,PEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDSGREATLYIMPROVEDTHELIVINGENVIRONMENTOFCONTINUOUSIMPROVEMENTDISTRICTDEVELOPERSSHOULDNOTONLYFOCUSONRESIDENTIALCONSTRUCTIONANDTHEREASONABLECOMFORT,PAYINGGREATERATTENTIONTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALENVIRONMENTHOWEVER,THECURRENTENVIRONMENTINTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALAREAS,THEYAREOFTENTHENATURALECOLOGYOFGREENINGTHEENVIRONMENTISMUCHMORETOCONSIDER,ANDTHEPROMOTIONOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTOCONSIDERLESS,ENVIRONMENTALCONSTRUCTIONCANNOTMEETTHEOCCUPANTSOFTHEPSYCHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSANDNEEDSFROMTHEBASICPHYSIOLOGICALNEEDSGRADUALLYTOMEETTHEPSYCHOLOGICALANDCULTURALFIELDSOFPROMOTINGAHIGHERLEVEL,THERESIDENTIALAREAISNOTONLYTHEFUNCTIONOFLIVING,BUTALSOPEOPLESTHINKINGANDFEELINGSOFTHELOCALEXCHANGETHEREFORE,THESTRENGTHENINGOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASOFSPACECONSTRUCTION,INCREASERESIDENTIALNEIGHBOURHOODAFFINITY,SHOULDBEDEVELOPEDINTHEPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTIONOFRESIDENTIALAREASSHOULDALSOCONSIDERTHEISSUEHOWTOCONDUCTEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASOFSPACEPLANNINGANDDESIGN,IMPROVEPEOPLESQUALITYOFLIFE,THEAUTHOROFHISOWNREALESTATEDEVELOPMENTEXPERIENCEANDTRYTOCONTACTTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFNEED,LEVELOFFUNCTIONALITYFORAREVIEWARESIDENTIALAREAOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHENEEDFORSPACEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREASTOCREATESPACEFORTHEPROCESS,INASENSE,ISINTHECOURSEOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPEOPLEANDTHENATURALWORLDANDDEFINETHESPACEENVIRONMENTBETWEENTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESS11EXCHANGESCREATEASPACETOMEETTHESPIRITUALANDCULTURALNEEDSOFRESIDENTSJANGAELICINTHE“CONTACTSANDSPACE,“ABOOK,THERESIDENTSWILLLIVEWITHINTHECOMMUNITYOFCONTACTSDIVIDEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESNECESSITYOFACTIVITIESSUCHASSCHOOL,WORK,ETC,THEPARTICIPANTSDIDNOTHAVEMUCHCHOICE,SUBJECTTOVERYLITTLEMATERIALANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSPONTANEOUSACTIVITIESSUCHASWALKING,WAITANDSEESTOP,ETC,GREATLYDEPENDENTONTHEQUALITYOFMATERIALANDTHESPACEENVIRONMENTSOCIALACTIVITIESSUCHASCHILDRENSGAMES,CHATTINGANDPEOPLETOPEOPLECONTACTSBETWEENTHEPASSIVEJANUARY1SIMPLESEE,HEAR,ETC,ALSO,TOACERTAINEXTENT,THEIMPACTOFMATERIALANDTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTHEREFORE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTIALAREAOFTHESPACEWILLCREATEADIRECTIMPACTONTHERESIDENTSOFTHECONTACTSASPEOPLESLIVINGSTANDARDSGRADUALLYIMPROVED,THERESIDENTSOFTHESPIRITUALANDCULTURALNEEDSARISINGFROMTHEEXCHANGESWITHTHEREQUIREMENTSWILLBEGETTINGHIGHERANDHIGHERCREATEASPACEOF120CONTACTSISTHENEEDTOMAINTAINTRADITIONALFAMILYTIESTRADITIONALHISTORICALNEIGHBORHOODSANDTHELIVINGUNITSDAZAYUANONTHESHAPEOFANOBJECTIVETOMAINTAINANDDEVELOPTHENEIGHBOURHOODFAMILYASTHEMARKETECONOMYANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWRESIDENTIALDEVELOPMENTANDCONSTRUCTION,ANDMANYRESIDENTSTOMOVETOMULTISTOREYHIGHRISERESIDENTIAL,THELINKBETWEENHOUSEHOLDSANDHOUSEHOLDSREDUCE,ANDEVENPEOPLEARENOTFAMILIARWITHTHEPORTALATTHESAMEONEFLOOR,DIDNOTKNOWEACHOTHERVERYCOMMONPHENOMENON,THETRADITIONALRELATIONSINTHENEIGHBOURHOODGRADUALLYINDIFFERENTCARRYFORWARDTHETRADITIONALVIRTUES,TOPROMOTEFAMILYRESIDENTIAL,HEALTHYDEMONSTRATIONPROJECTSINTHECOUNTRYHASLONGBEENPROPOSEDFORRESIDENTIAL“HIGHQUALITY,NEWLIFE“,WHICH“NEWLIFE“,INCLUDINGGUIDANCEONTHENEWCONCEPTOFLIVING,TOGUIDETHENEWCONSUMERAWARENESS,ANEWFORMOFEXCHANGES,TOFORMANEWMANAGEMENTMODEL,ANDSOONFIVEASPECTSACCORDINGTOTHISSTANDARD,THEEXCHANGESCREATEASPACEITISVERYIMPORTANTCREATEASPACEOF130CONTACTSISTHENEEDTOBUILDAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYRESIDENTIALAREAISTOBUILDAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYSPACEUNIT,AHARMONIOUSSOCIETYISANIMPORTANTPARTARESIDENTIALAREAOFAHARMONIOUSSOCIETYCANBEHARMONIOUSHARMONIOUSRESIDENTIALAREASSHOULDBEAMODERATECONSUMPTIONOFECONOMIC,SOCIALMANAGEMENT,DIVERSIFICATIONANDHARMONIOUSRELATIONSBETWEENTHENEIGHBOURS,LIVINGENVIRONMENT,ANDWITHTHEHUMANISTICSPIRITANDTHERICHLOCALCULTURALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEGEOGRAPHICALSPACEFROMTHEHARDWARESIDE,THERESHOULDBEASCIENTIFICANDRATIONALPLANNING,GOODCONSTRUCTIONQUALITY,IMPROVEINFRASTRUCTURE,THECOMPLETEESTABLISHMENTOFCONTACTS,GOODLANDSCAPEFROMTHESOFTWARESIDE,THERESHOULDBEQUALITYPROPERTYMANAGEMENT,ANDIMPROVETHECOMMUNITYBASEDORGANIZATIONS,THERICHCULTURALATMOSPHERE,GOODMORALITYTHEREFORE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEASANINTEGRALPARTOFRESIDENTIALAREAS,CREATEAFARREACHINGSIGNIFICANCE,ANDCHINARECENTLYANDRESIDENTIALREALESTATEWILLBEPUTONTHE“BUILDAHARMONIOUSFAMILYRESIDENTIALDISTRICT,“THEOBJECTIVEISCONSISTENT2RESIDENTIALDISTRICTLEVELEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEOFTHELIVINGSPACEPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTIONINACCORDANCEWITHPEOPLEATDIFFERENTTIMES,DIFFERENTLOCATIONS,DIFFERENTACTIVITIESINDIFFERENTLEVELSOFPRIVACY,CANBEDIVIDEDINTOPRIVATESPACE,SEMIPRIVATEROOM,SEMIPUBLICSPACE,PUBLICSPACE,THEFORMATIONOFFOURSPACERELATEDFIELDSTHELEVELANDTHEFIELDOFSPACEWILLHELPCREATEASENSEOFBELONGINGAMONGTHERESIDENTSANDENHANCETHEINTERACTIONANDPRONEIGHBORHOODANDPEOPLEFROMTHEPRIVATESPACEINTOTHEPUBLICSPACE,ISAGRADUALPROCESSINTHISPROCESS,AFTERALLTHERESIDENTSOFDIFFERENTLEVELSOFOUTDOORSPACE,MAKINGCONTACTSTOBECOMEANECESSITY21RESIDENTIALBUILDINGSPACETOCREATEEXCHANGESDWELLERSINPRIVACYISASSUREDANDMEETUNDERTHEPREMISEOFHOPENEIGHBOURHOODCLOSE,HARMONIOUSANDTOMUTUALEXCHANGESANDCONTACTSTHEREFORE,THENEEDTOHAVEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACESETTINGS,ANDCREATEAWAYASFOLLOWS211EXPANDTHESTAIRCASEDEPTHSTAIRCASEISHOMERESIDENTSINTHEBUFFERSPACE,BUTALSOPUBLICHOUSINGTENANTSUPSTAIRSROOMATTHEBREAKTHEPLATFORMISTOOSMALLTOAFFECTTHELENGTHOFSTAYOFRESIDENTS,NOTCONDUCIVETOTHEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSEXPANDTHESTAIRCASEDEPTH,INCREASEPLATFORMSPACE,WILLINCREASETHEIRCONTACTS,EXCHANGESOFOPPORTUNITY212SETUPHOMEGARDENSGARDENISHOMERESIDENTSINTOTHEINDOORSPACEFORTHETRANSITION,HERE,ACHIEVEDASEMIPRIVATEROOMFORTHETRANSITIONTOPRIVATESPACE,RESIDENTSHERECANSUPPORTGRASSFLOWERS,RECEPTIONGUESTSNANJINGDAYHONGVILLAHOMEPLATFORMINTOTHEHOMEINTHEGARDENSETUPAGRILLDOOR,BOTHOUTDOORGREENLANDSCAPEWILLBECONDUCTEDTOTHEINTERIOROFTHEEXTENSION,FORTWOPEOPLETHROUGHTHEGRILLEGATETOCREATEANOPPORTUNITYFOREXCHANGE213EXPANDTHEUNITFOYERAREAUNITINTHEENTRANCEFOYERAREAANDCONFIGURETHEAPPROPRIATEEXPANSIONOFSOMEFACILITIESSUCHASRESTSTOOL,READINGBAOLAN,ARESIDENTCONTACTS,RESTPLACES,ANDUNITSOFTHEIMMEDIATEHOUSEHOLDCONTACTSCONDITIONALFOYERCANALSODOALOBBYFORHOUSEHOLDSINTHISEXCHANGE,CHAT214BOTTOMOVERHEADRESIDENTIALDESIGNFORTHEELEVATEDBOTTOMOFOPENSPACEANDENSURETHESMOOTHFLOWOFGREENSPACEONTHEGROUNDSUPPORTEDBYFLOWERS,ZUODENGFACILITIESASRESIDENTSOFREST,SUCHASCHATROOM,ANDINCONNECTIONWITHOUTDOORLANDSCAPE,EASYTOCREATEAGOODATMOSPHEREFOREXCHANGESEVENRAINYDAYALSOWILLNOTBEAFFECTED,ADDINGUNLIMITEDLIFEFORFUN215SETGALLERYGALLERYOFTRADITIONALCHINESEARCHITECTUREISAFORMOFCONSTRUCTION,ISAFORMCANBEEFFECTIVEINPROMOTINGEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPEOPLEOFTHEFUNOFSPACEINCENTIVES,AREWIDELYUSEDINMODERNRESIDENTIALDESIGN,SUCHASTHEOSMANTHUSHANGZHOUCITYDISTRICT,GUANGZHOUZHUYUNVILLAANDSOONGALLERYFACTORHEREISTRAFFIC,ANDTHEEXCHANGEOFPLACES,PLAYEDAROLEINTHEINTEGRATIONOFTHEADJACENTSPACE,PEOPLECANCHATHERE,THESUN,ANDSOON216EXCHANGESOFHIGHRISEBUILDINGTHERISINGHIGHRISEBUILDINGINTHEPHYSICALENVIRONMENTRESTRICTIONSONTHEFREEDOMOFTHEPEOPLEEXCHANGES,TOREDUCECONTACTBETWEENTHERESIDENTS,THEELDERLYREST,THELACKOFCHILDRENSPLAYSPACETHEREFORE,THEHIGHRISEBUILDINGINTHEINTERVALTOSETUPANUMBEROFSIMILAREXCHANGESINTHECHAMBEROFGOODWILLTOSOLVETHESEPROBLEMSINTHISWAY,FORTHEELDERLYINTHERESTOFTHESPACE,TOPROVIDECHILDRENWITHAPLAYGROUND,ANDTHEPROMOTIONOFSOCIALINTERACTIONAMONGRESIDENTS217ROOFGARDENONTHEPLATFORMSETUPINTHEROOFGARDEN,ANINCREASEOFGREENSPACE,WASRESTOREDTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEGROUNDPEOPLEINTHISWALK,FITNESS,CHAT,NATURALCONTACT,ANINCREASEOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFPLACESTOCREATEAMULTILEVELEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACE220YARDS,ADELEGATIONOFTHEASSOCIATIONSPACE“TOACHIEVEEFFECTIVESETTLEMENTSBETWEENTHEGROUPSANDTHEEXCHANGESHAVERECOGNIZEDTHENEEDFORCLEARANDAPPROPRIATEAREASOFTHEBORDERANDLOGO“CHINASTRADITIONALCOURTYARDSPACEISPARTOFBUILDINGSPACE,THEAREAISASTRONGSENSEOFSPACEANDBORDERPATTERNS,THENEIGHBOURHOODISTOINCREASEEXCHANGESANDCONTACTSBETWEENTHEEFFECTIVEMEANSBEIJINGDAZAYUANTHEOLDMODEOFLIVING,RESIDENTSOFHARMONIOUSRELATIONSINHARMONY,AHUMANFACERENOWNEDARCHITECTWULIANGYONGDESIGNOFTHEBEIJINGJUINFANTSALLEY,INHERITANCEANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHISFORMOFLIVINGSHANQIANGRESIDENTIALUSEOFTHEWRONGCOLUMN,PLATFORMHEIGHTDIFFERENCE,CHANGESINRESIDENTIALSPACE,RESIDENTIALSETTINGSBETWEENLIANLANG,PLANTSOFTHETUBE,CREATINGA“SIEGEWITHOUTCLOSURE,WITHOUTDREDGINGTHROUGH“THEGROUPSPACEANDFORMEDASEMIPRIVATE,SEMIPUBLICTHEFIELDOFSPACEINTHECOURTYARDBETWEENTHELAYOUTZUODENG,THEELDERLYHEREXIEJIAO,CUXITANXIN,NOLONGERFEELLONELYRESERVESOMESPACE,CHILDRENPLAYINTHEHOME,MOTHERSCANBESEENHEREINTHEKITCHEN,CHILDRENNOLONGERWORRIEDABOUTTHESAFETYOFMEMBERSOFMUTUALREFERENCE,ANDMUTUALEXCHANGES,ANDEXCHANGESAREDEEPSEATEDNOTONLYENHANCETHEFEELINGSANDPREVENTTHEFORMATIONOFACOLLECTIVECONSCIOUSNESS,TOEFFECTIVELYPREVENTTHEDESTRUCTIONANDCRIME,SECURITY,HAVEBEENPROTECTEDSOTHATMOREPEOPLECANENJOYTHEENVIRONMENTALLANDSCAPECOMFORT,MOREANDMOREDEVELOPERSAREGOODATTENTIONTOTHELANDSCAPEOFTHEBUILDINGPICHUINTHEGROUPINASPACE,ASADELEGATIONOFTHEPUBLICLANDSCAPEHOWEVER,THEYOFTENREDESIGNOF“VISUALEFFECT“LIGHT“SOCIALEFFECT“ALTHOUGHTHECONSTRUCTIONOFALARGENUMBEROFHARDWARESHOPS,FLOWERBEDS,SHRUBSPLANTEDJOE,ITLACKSSOMERESIDENTSTOPROMOTEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESTOFTHESHELTERS,CHAIRS,ANDAFFECTEDTHEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEEXTENSIONOFTHENEIGHBOURHOODTHEREFORE,THEDELEGATIONLANDSCAPEINTHESTRENGTHENINGOFPUBLICINFRASTRUCTURECONSTRUCTION,ANDCREATEASPACEFOREXCHANGES,WILLPROMOTEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHERESIDENTSOFOUTREACH23EXCHANGESBETWEENTHEPUBLICSPACESTOCREATESPACEBYTHESEMIPUBLICSPACETOPUBLICSPACE,PEOPLEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEEXCHANGESFROMTHENEIGHBOURHOODTOTHEPUBLICEXCHANGES,CONTACTSBETWEENTHECHARACTERISTICSOFEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEDECISIONTOCREATEASPACEFORTHEDIFFERENTPRACTICES231OPENSPACEFORPUBLICRELATIONSRESIDENTIALAREAOFCENTRALGREENSPACEISOFTENTHEAREAOFPUBLICVENUES,ASSHAREDBYTHEENTIREPOPULATION,ISTHERESIDENTIALAREAOFTHE“LIVINGROOM“HERE,RESIDENTSOFVARIOUSGATHERINGS,COMMUNITYACTIVITIES,FITNESSOPENSPACESHOULDBEDESIGNED,WITHOUTBORDERSANDATTHESAMETIME,VARIOUSGROUPSINTHERESIDENTIALAREAGREENSPACETOTHECENTEROFTHEROAD,SHOULDBEEASILYACCESSIBLE,GUIDETHEPEOPLEINTOPUBLICSPACE,TOPARTICIPATEINCONTACTSANDEXCHANGES232ANDLANDSCAPECOMBINEPIECESRESIDENTIALAREAOFLANDSCAPEANDPEOPLESEXCHANGESWITHTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENPEOPLEINTHELANDSCAPEBEFORETHESTOPWATCH,THEEXCHANGESHAVETHEDESIRE,WITHTHELANDSCAPE,MOREFULLOFVIGORTHEREFORE,PUBLICEXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACEANDLANDSCAPEPIECESSHOULDBECOMBINED,SUCHASSCULPTUREONTHESQUARE,AROUNDTHEFOUNTAINWATERSCAPELAYOUTZUODENG,PEOPLEAPPRECIATETHESIDEOFSCULPTURE,FOUNTAIN,WHILEEXCHANGESANDREDUCETHEDISTANCEBETWEENPEOPLEATTHESAMETIMESHOULDPLAYAGUIDINGROLEINTHELANDSCAPE,EMPHASIZINGPARTICIPATION,ATTRACTIVETOFLOWTHROUGHTHELANDSCAPE,GATHERINGPOPULARITY3EXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFTHEBUILDINGFEATURESDIFFERENTGROUPSOFPEOPLEBECAUSEOFTHEIRAGE,OCCUPATION,CULTURALBACKGROUNDOFDIFFERENTEXCHANGESOFTHEFUNCTIONSOFSPACEHAVEDIFFERENTNEEDSACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFDIFFERENTPOPULATIONSANDDEMANDFORSPACECONTACTSBETWEENTHEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONSOFTHEBUILDING,CREATINGADIFFERENTTHEMEOFSPACE,WILLHELPATTRACTPEOPLEFROMOUTSIDE,SPONTANEOUSINTERACTION31EXCHANGESBETWEENTHEFUNCTIONSOFSPACEANDBUILDINGOCCUPANTSSHOULDBESUITEDTOTHEAGESTRUCTURECHILDRENNATURALLYACTIVE,HAVEASTRONGSENSEOFCURIOSITY,GAMESANDMOREACTIVITIESFORCLIMBING,JUMPING,LEISURE,SUCHASXISHUATHEREFORE,THEVENUESHOULDBESETUPINTHESLIDES,SWINGS,LEISUREPOOL,BUNKERSANDOTHERFACILITIES,TAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHENEEDSOFADULTSTOCAREFORCHILDREN,SOMEBLOCKSINTHESURROUNDINGLAYOUTSTOOLONTHEONEHAND,CHILDRENINTHEGAMEWASPHYSICALANDMENTALEXERCISE,ONTHEOTHERHAND,CAREFORTHECHILDRENOFPEOPLEHAVEBEENEXCHANGESYOUNGPEOPLELIKESPORTSTHEREFORE,INORDERTOINCREASETHESPORTSFACILITIES,PLANNINGTOBASKETBALLCOURTS,TENNISCOURTSANDOTHERSPORTSSPACEHOWEVER,ITSHOULDBEFARFROMSOMERESIDENTIAL,SOASTOAVOIDINTERFERENCEONTHEDAILYLIFEOFRESIDENTSLIKETHEELDERLYINTHEEARLYMORNINGFITNESS,SUCHASDOINGQIGONG,ATAICHI,LIKETHERESTOFTHETIMEPLAYINGCHESS,PLAYCARDS,CHAT,YANGNIAOSUCHACTIVITIESTHEREFORE,TOMAKESPACEINTHESMALLSQUARE,BOOTHS,EQUIPPEDWITHTAIWAN,TABLES,CHAIRSANDOTHERFACILITIES32EXCHANGESBETWEENTHESPACETOTAKEINTOACCOUNTTHEFUNCTIONOFBUILDINGBARRIERFREEFACILITIESLAYOUTEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAISACOMPLEXENVIRONMENT,INCLUDINGROADS,GREENSPACE,PIECES,FACILITIESANDOTHERENVIRONMENTALFACTORSEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEFUNCTIONSOFBUILDINGSPACEINADDITIONTOMEETTHENORMALUSE,SHOULDGIVEFULLCONSIDERATIONTOTHEDISABLED,THEELDERLYVULNERABLEGROUPS,SUCHASTHEUSEOFABARRIERFREEDESIGNBARRIERFREEENVIRONMENTOFSPACEMEANSEXCHANGESWITHNOOBSTRUCTIONANDDANGEROUSIFTHEIMPORTUNITDESIGNEDAROUND15MX15MABOVETHELEVELOFSPACEFORWHEELCHAIRUSERSSTAYUNITFOYERRESERVEDSPACEFORWHEELCHAIRSANDCHILDSVEHICLESTOFACILITATEWHEELCHAIRANDCHILDSVEHICLESSTOREDINPUBLICRELATIONSTOTHEROADSPACEONBOTHSIDES,WHOSETUPBLINDROADTRIPONTHETRAILFORTHEBLINDWALKINGTHESIDEWALKINTHEEND,AHEIGHTDIFFERENCEOFTHEJUNCTION,AHEIGHTDIFFERENCEOFPUBLICPLATFORMSETUPTHERAMPFORWHEELCHAIRUSERSACCESSELDERLYMORNINGEXERCISESINTHESQUARE,ASFARASPOSSIBLEBEFLATNOHEIGHTDIFFERENCE,THEUSEOFANTISKIDSURFACINGMATERIALSCHILDRENPLAYINGINTHEPARK,THEUSEOFSOFTMATSANDSAFETYWARNINGSIGNSINDIFFERENTEXCHANGESOFSPACE,BYSETTINGUPTHEPIECESANDPERSONALIZEDTHEMESCULPTURE,TOENHANCESPACEANDTHERECOGNITIONOFSEXUALORIENTATION,ANDSOON4CONCLUSIONINRESIDENTIALAREASOFPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTION,WEMUSTBEPEOPLECENTERED,ACCORDINGTOCREATEAFUNCTIONALLEVELANDLIVINGSPACEAREACONTACTSATALLLEVELS,FROMTHEPSYCHOLOGICALANDPHYSICALNEEDSOFSTARTING,THROUGHTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTOCREATE,CREATEAPOSITIVE,HEALTHYEXCHANGESBETWEENTHEATMOSPHERE,RESIDENTIALAREAINTOAHARMONIOUSFAMILYHOMESMEANWHILE,THEEXCHANGESBETWEENTHELIVINGROOMAREAOFTHINKINGANDINNOVATION,ANDDEVELOPERSNEEDTOCONTINUETOCARRYOUTEXPLORATIONREFERENCES1YANGGAELICEXCHANGESANDSPACEMBEIJINGCHINABUILDINGINDUSTRYPRESS2WANGLIVINGINTHECOMMUNITY,“THENEIGHBOURHOODEXCHANGES“AND“SPACE“OFJ,BUILDINGKNOWLEDGE,2004313153NIELANHEALTH,SONGKUNCREATEAPLEASANTLIVINGSPACELJARCHITECTURALJOURNAL,1997112931中文翻译居住区交往空间规划与设计夏良东【摘要】居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间文章从交往空间营造的必要性、层次性、功能性加以综述，旨在通过交往空间的营造，创造出积极、健康的交往氛围，促进居民交往，使居住区成为亲情和谐的家园。【关键词】居住区交往空间必要性层次性功能性0前言随着住房制度的改革和房地产业的迅猛发展，城市居住区大量涌现城市居住区集中布置了居住建筑、公共建筑、公共绿地、生活性道路等居住设施，为城市居民提供生活居住和从事社会活动的场所，是城市的有机组成部分。居住区交往空间是居民进行沟通与交流的户内、户外空间。现阶段，人们的生活水平大大提高，居住区环境得到不断改善。开发者不仅要注重住宅建筑的合理与舒适，更要注重居住区环境的建设。然而，目前在居住区环境建设中，他们往往对自然生态的绿化环境考虑得多，而对促进居民交往的空间环境考虑得少，环境建设不能满足居住者的心理特征和需求。从基本生理需求的满足逐步向心理与文化领域的更高层次推进，居住区不单是居住的功能,同时也是人们思想与情感交流的地方。因此，加强居住区交往空间建设，增进居住区的邻里亲和力，应是开发者在居住区规划建设应同时考虑的问题。如何进行居住区交往空间的规划与设计，提高人们的生活质量，笔者结合自己的房产开发经验，试对居住区交往空间的必要性、层次性、功能性作一综述。1居住区交往空间的必要性居住区交往空间营造的过程，从某种意义上讲，就是在人与人交往过程中进行人与自然空间环境关系界定并发展的过程。11交往空间的营造是满足居住者精神文化的需要。在扬盖尔的交往与空间一书中，将居住社区内居民的交往活动分为三类必要性活动如上学、上班等，参与者没有多少选择的余地，很少受物质环境影响；自发性活动如散步、驻足观望等，大大地依赖于物质空间环境的质量社会性活动如儿童游戏、聊天以及人与人之间的被动式接触一一简单地看、听等，也在一定程度上受物质空间环境的影响。因此，居住区交往空间的营造将直接影响到居住者的交往活动。随着人们物质生活水平的逐渐提高，居住者对精神文化的需求引起对交往活动的要求将越来越高。12交往空间的营造是维系传统亲情的需要传统历史街区和单位大杂院的居住形态在客观上维系并发展了邻里亲情。随着市场经济的发展和新的住宅区的开发建设，许多居民搬到多层和高层住宅中，住户与住户之间联系减少，甚至于对门人家都不熟识。在同一幢楼中，彼此间不曾相识的现象很普遍，传统的邻里关系在逐渐淡漠。发扬传统美德，推广亲情住宅，国家康居示范工程中早已对住宅提出了“高品质、新生活”的要求，其中“新生活”就包括引导新的居住理念，引导新的消费意识，形成新的交往形态，形成新的管理模式等五个方面内容。按照这个标准，交往空间的营造就显得非常重要。13交往空间的营造是构建和谐社会的需要居住区是构建和谐社会的空间单元，是和谐社会的重要组成部分。居住区和谐了，社会才能和谐。和谐的居住区应是一个经济消费适度化、社会管理多元化、邻里关系和谐化、居住环境生态化，并具有浓郁的人文精神和地方文化特色的地域空间。从硬件方面看，应该有科学合理的规划、良好的建筑品质、完善的基础设施、完备的交往场所、较好的景观园林。从软件方面看，应该有优质的物业管理、健全的社区组织、浓郁的文化氛围、良好的道德风尚。因此，交往空间作为居住区的组成部分，其营造的意义是深远的，与近来中国房地产及住宅研究会提出的“打造亲情和谐住宅小区”的目标是相一致的。2居住区交往空间的层次性居住空间的规划与建设根据人们在不同时间、不同地点、不同活动中不同程度的私密性,可划分为私密空间、半私密空间、半公共空间、公共空间，形成四级空间领域。这样的空间层次和领域划分将有助于形成居住者的归属感，增进邻里的互动和亲和。人由私密空间进入到公共空间，是一个渐进的过程。在这个过程中，居住者经过了各个不同层次的室外空间，使得交往成为一种必然。21住宅建筑交往空间的营造居住者在私密性得到保证和满足的前提下，希望邻里关系密切、融洽，能够相互交流和交往。因此，需要有交往空间的设置，营造手法有以下几种211扩大楼梯平台深度楼梯平台是居民入户处的缓冲空间，同时又是楼上住户上楼时的休息空间。过小的平台将影响居民的停留时间，不利于居民之间的交往。扩大楼梯平台深度，增大平台面积，将增加他们联络、交往的机会。212设置入户花园入户花园是居民进入室内的过渡空间，在这里，实现了半私密空间向私密空间过渡，居民可以在这里种花养草，接待来客。南京天泓山庄在入户平台进入入户花园处设置了格栅门，既将室外绿化景观向室内进行了延伸，又为两户人家透过格栅门进行交流创造了机会。213扩大单元门厅面积在单元入口门厅适当扩大面积并配置一些设施，如休息凳、阅报栏等，形成居民交往、休息的场所，实现单元住户的即时交往。有条件的门厅还可以做一个大堂，供住户在此交流、聊天。214底层架空住宅底层架空设计为开放式空间，保证了地面绿地的畅通。配以花草、坐凳等设施，作为居民休息、聊天等空间，再联系室外景观，易于创造出良好的交往氛围。即使下雨天也不受影响，为生活增添了无限乐趣215设置通廊通廊是中国传统建筑的一种建筑形式，是一种能有效地促进形成人们交往乐趣的空间诱因，目前被广泛地运用在现代住宅的设计中，如杭州的桂花城小区、广州的竹韵山庄等。通廊在这里既是交通要素，又是交流场所，起到了相邻空间融合的作用，人们可以在此攀谈、晒太阳等216高层建筑交往层高层住宅的不断攀升，在物质环境上限制了人们交往的自由，使居民之间接触减少，老人休息、儿童游戏的空间缺少。因此，在高层建筑中间隔数层设置一个类似中庭的交往层将较好地解决这些问题。这样，为老人提供了休息的空间，为儿童提供了游戏场所，又促进了居民之间的社会交往。217屋顶花园在屋顶平台上设置花园，增加了绿化空间，又恢复了被建筑占去的地面。人们在此散步、健身、聊天，接触自然，增加了居民的交往场所,创造出多层次的交往空间。22庭院、组团交往空间的营造“要实现住区群体间有效的交往并产生认同，必须有明确和恰当的领域范围和边界标识”。院落空间是我国传统建筑空间的一部分，是具有较强领域感和边界的空间形态，是增加邻里交流、交往的有效手段。北京旧时大杂院的居住模式，居民关系和睦融洽、富有人情味。著名建筑大师吴良镛设计的北京菊儿胡同，继承并发展了这一居住形态。利用住宅的山墙错列、地台高差，变化住宅间距，住宅间设置连廊、植物的围合，营造出“围而不闭、透而不疏”的组团空间，形成了半私密、半公共的空间领域。在庭院间布置坐凳，老人在这里歇脚，促膝谈心，不再感到孤寂预留一些空地，小孩在院中嬉戏，母亲在厨房可以看到这里，小孩的安全性不再担心大家相互照应，相互交流，交往是深层次的。既增进了感情，又形成了集体的防范意识，有效地防止了破坏和犯罪，安全得到了保护。让更多的人能享受到景观环境带来的舒适感，越来越多的开发商重视景观的均好性建设。在组团中辟出一块空间，作为组团的公共景观。然而，在设计中他们往往重“景观效应”，轻“社会效应”。虽建有大量的硬质铺地、花坛，种植乔灌木，却缺乏一些促进居民交往、休息的凉亭、坐椅，影响了邻里交往的外延。因此，在组团景观中加强公共设施建设，营造交往空间，将促进居民交往行为的向外拓展。23公共场地交往空间的营造由半公共空间到公共空间，人们的交往由邻里交往转向公共交往，交往的特点决定了交往空间营造手法的不同。231开放的公共交往空间居住区的中心绿地往往是小区的公共场地，为全体居民所共享，是居住区的“客厅”。在这里，居民进行各种聚会、社区活动、健身。空间设计应该是开敞的、无边界的，同时，在居住区各个组团空间通往中心绿地的道路，应便捷通达，引导人们融入到公共空间，参与交往和交流。232与景观小品相结合居住区的景观与人的交往有相互作用的关系，人们在景观前驻足观赏，产生交流的欲望，景观有了人的活动，更加富有生机。因此，公共交往空间应与景观小品相结合，如在广场雕塑、喷泉水景四周布置坐凳，人们一边欣赏雕塑、喷泉，一边进行交流，拉近了人与人之间的距离。同时应发挥景观的引导作用，强调参与性，通过景观来吸引人流，聚集人气。3居住区交往空间的功能建设不同人群由于年龄、职业、文化背景的不同，对交往空间的功能有不同的需求。根据不同人群的特点和需求，进行交往空间的不同功能建设，营造出不同的主题空间，将有利于吸引人们走出户外，自发的进行交往。31交往空间的功能建设应与居住者的年龄结构相适应儿童天性好动，有强烈的好奇心，游戏活动多为攀爬、跳跃、嬉水、戏耍等。因此，在场地中应设置滑梯、秋千、戏水池、沙坑等设施，同时考虑大人照看小孩的需要，在周围布置一些座凳。一方面，孩子在游戏中身心得到了锻炼，另一方面，照看小孩的大人们也得到了交流。青年人喜欢体育运动。因此，要增加体育设施，规划出篮球场、网球场等运动空间。但应当离住宅远一些，以免造成对居民日常生活的干扰。老年人喜欢在清晨健身，如做气功、打太极拳等，在其余的时间喜欢下棋、打牌、聊天、养鸟等活动。因此，在空间中宜做成小型广场、亭，配备台、桌、椅等设施。32交往空间的功能建设要兼顾无障碍设施布置居住区交往空间是一个环境综合体，包括道路、绿地、小品、设施等多种环境因素。交往空间的功能建设除满足正常人的使用外，应充分考虑残疾人、老年人等弱势群体的使用，进行无障碍设计。无障碍系指交往空间环境中无障碍物和危险性。如在单元入口周围设计15MX15M以上的水平空间，便于轮椅使用者停留；单元门厅预留轮椅和童车的空间，方便轮椅和童车存放在通往公共交往空间的道路两侧，人行步道上设置盲道，方便盲人行走在人行道的端部、有高差的路口、有高差的公共平台设置坡道，供轮椅使用者通行；在老人晨练的广场，尽可能做到平坦无高差，采用防滑的铺装材料在儿童嬉戏的乐园，采用柔软的地垫和安全警示标志；在不同的交往空间，通过设置个性化的小品和主题雕塑，来增强空间的导向性和识别性等。4结语在居住区的规划建设中，要以人为本，按层次和功能营造居住区各级交往空间，从人的心理和生理需求出发，通过空间环境的营造，创造出积极、健康的交往氛围，使居住区成为亲情和谐的家园。同时，对居住区交往空间的思考和创新，需要开发者不断地进行探索。参考文献1扬盖尔交往与空间M北京中国建筑工业出版社2王华居住社区中的“邻里交往”与“空间环境”分析J，建筑知识，2004313153聂兰生，宋昆营造宜人的居住空间J建筑学报，1997112931