初中英语八年级动词不定式与动名词专项练习.docx

初中英语八年级动词不定式与动名词专项练习一、动词不定式的用法1）作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.2）作表 My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4）作宾语补足语 He told me to be here on time.5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语He stopped to have a look.否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)3、省to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。3）would rather，had better + do4、不定式的特殊句型：1）tooto：太而不能 He is too excited to speak.2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll3）Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议 Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.二、动词的-ing形式： 1动词的-ing形式用作动名词：1）动名词作主语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语 She cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：, finish, mind, practice, be good at, do well in, cant help(禁不住), keep on, feel like, look forward to, enjoy ,finish, be busy ,advise ,suggest等2动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice,例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to restD. rest2. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying3.The students are busy _ ready for the exam now. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get4. - Look! The lights in the classroomare still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A. turning them offB. turn them offC. to turn them off D. having turned them off5. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go B. goes C. goneD. going6. Youd better _ at home all the time. Its bad for your health. A. dont stay B. no to stay C. not stay D. not staying7. The mother asked the boy _ down the ladder, but he went on _ instead.A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing8. Is there any time_ to the museum? A. going B. to goC. goes D. gone9. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _the wind from _the papers away.A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow10. We should do as much as we can _ water.A. for saving B. to save C. save D. saved11. What is the best way do you think _ the wild animals? A. protectingB. to protecting C. protectedD. to protect12. I think it kind _.A. of him to help me B. for him to help me C. that he help me D. of him helping me13. Its too hot today. Why not _ your coat?A. take on B. to take off C. take off D. taking off14. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closingB. closed C. to closing D. to close15. Would you please _ any noise? The baby has just fallen asleep. A. make B. to make C. not to makeD. not make16. - Would you please try _ lateagain? - Sorry, I wont be late again.A. not to be B. to be not C. not be D. be17. Yesterday I heard a story _ by my friend. A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell18. We cant help crying after _ the sad news. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear19. - Would you mind _ for a few minutes? - No, not at all. A. wait B. to wait C. waited D. waiting20. I find _ him all about it.A. necessary to tell B. that necessary to C. necessary it to tellD. it necessary to tell21. Its very nice _ you to _ me about it. A. for; tellB. of; say C. to; speak D. of; tell22. The son wants his mother _ him up at six oclock every day. A. to ring B. ring C. ringsD. ringing23. - I often use Hotmail to send e-mails.- Really? Would you please show me_ it? A. how can I useB. what can I us C. how to useD. what to use24. Tell the boy _ out of the window. A. not to lookB. to not look C. dont lookD. not look25. Did you hear her _ in the next room just now? A. singingB. sing C. to sing D. sang26. How long does it take you _ your homework every evening?A. finish doingB. finishing to do C. to finish doing D. finish to do27. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn offD. to turning off28. Her hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to take part inB. is to take part in C. taking part inD. will take part in29.The room isnt big enough _ so many people. A. holdingB. hold C. to holdD. holds30. Youd better not spend more time _ computer games. A. for playingB. in playing C. to playD. plays31. It is better to teach a man fishing than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. givesD. give32. My sister is interested in _ in her free time.A. watch TVB. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball33. I have caught a cold and I dont feel like _ anything. A. to eat B. eating C. ateD. eats34. I saw him _ into the small store. A. wentB. going C. to goD. has gone35. He raised(提高) his voice（嗓音） to make everybody in the room _ him clearly. A. hearB. to hear C. hearingD. heard36. I didnt go to the park yesterday because my mother asked me _ my sister at home. A. to look atB. to look for C. looking afterD.to take care of37. Their wish is _ a house of their own.（他们自己的） A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having38. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home. A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take39. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending40. I dont like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talkedB 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1. Li Lei is asking his uncle_(help) him think of a foreign name.2. - Hi! Li Hong. I didnt see you at theparty. - Oh, I was busy _(get) ready forthe coming exams.3. Its too cold. Lets make a fire _ (warm) ourselves up.4. The girl _(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.5. You dont need _ (worry) about your friend. He is safe at home.6. Why did you keep your brother _ (wait) for a long time that evening?7. I found the door _(close) when I got home.8. When they met again, they were too excited _(say) a word.9. Through the window, I saw some boys _(play) basketball.10. He didnt finish _(write) the book until last week.11. - How long did it take you _(do)your homework yesterday? - About half an hour.12. Let me _(help) you _(water) the flowers.13. My watch doesnt work. It needs _(repair).14. _(take) good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better.15. How much time did you spend _ (watch) TV last night?16. I prefer _(read) books at home rather than _(go) shopping on Sundays.17. Its going _(rain); youd better _(take) an umbrella with you.18. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is _(believe)”.1.5 有理数的乘除专题一 与有理数的乘除有关的规律探究题1. 法国的“小九九”从“一一得一” 到“五五二十五”和我国的“小九九”是一样的，后面的就改用手势了.下面两个图框是用法国“小九九”计算78和89的两个示例.若用法国“小九九”计算79，左、右手依次伸出手指的个数是( )A.2，3B.3，3C.2，4 D.3，42. 观察右面的图形（每个正方形的边长均为1）和相应等式，探究其中的规律：写出第5个等式，并在右边给出的五个正方形上画出与之对应的图示：猜想并写出与第n个图形相对应的等式.专题二 与有理数的乘除有关阅读问题的探究题3. 阅读下面的材料：计算：.解：应用：根据你对材料的理解，计算：4.（1）阅读下列材料：计算.解法一：(1)上述解法得的结果不完全相同，你认为解法_是错误的，在正确解法中，你认为解法_较简捷.专题三 与有理数的乘除有关的应用问题5. 张在办理业务时，约定存入为正，取出为负2012年6月29日他办理了6件业务：-780元、-650元、+1250元、-310元、-420元、+240元（1）若他早上领取备用金5000元，那么下班时应交回银行多少元？（2）若每办一件业务，银行发给业务量的0.1%作为奖励，那么这天小张应得奖金多少元？6. 小张上周末买进股票1000股，每股20元，下表为本周每日股票的涨跌情况：星 期一二三四五每股涨跌+4+5-1-3-6（1）到本周三，小张所持股票每股多少元？（2）本周内，股票最高价出现在星期几？是多少元？（3）已知小张买进股票时付了1.5的手续费，卖出时需付成交额1.5的手续费和 3 的交易税如果小张在本周末卖出全部股票，他的收益如何？状元笔记【知识要点】1. 两数相乘，同号得正，异号得负，并把绝对值相乘；任何数同0相乘，都得02. 乘积是1的两个数互为倒数3. (1)几个不等于0的数相乘，积的符号由负因数的个数决定当负因数有奇数个时，积为负；当负因数有偶数个时，积为正(2)几个数相乘，有一个因数为0，积就为0【方法技巧】1. 有理数乘法运算的方法与步骤：第一步确定符号；第二步计算积的绝对值；第三步写出结果.对于有理数的除法运算,应先将除法转化为乘法,再按乘法运算的方法和步骤进行运算.2.（1）同级运算按从左到右的顺序进行；（2）要注意算式中有没有括号，如有括号，要按小括号中括号大括号的顺序进行；（3）灵活运用运算律简化运算.参考答案1C 解析：因为 79=63，所以两手伸出的手指数和为6，未伸出手指数的积为3，满足以上两个条件左、右手依次伸出手指的个数必须是2，4.故选C.2. 解析：观察题目中图形的规律发现：每个图形中小正方形的个数等于与之对应的式序数，且每个图形被等分的份数等于左边等式中分式的分母，其阴影部分份数等于相应的分式的分子，由此可得（1）问的图形.且由上面探索可以很方便地得到本题的等式规律，即第（2）问的答案.解：(2) . 3. 解：原式=（100）（6）=100（6）（6）=600+=-5994. 解：（1）解法一是错误的，解法二、三是正确的，解法三较简捷.5. 解：（1）5000-780-650+1250-310-420+240=4330（元）；他下班时应交回银行4330元.（2）（780+650+1250+310+420+240）0.1%=3.65（元），这天他应得奖金为3.65元6. 解：（1）20+4+5-1=28（元）答：到本周三，小张所持股票每股28元（2）20+4+5=29（元）答：本周内，股票最高价出现在星期二，是29元（3）29-1-3-6=19（元），100019=19000（元），100020=20000（元）， 19000-20000-200001.5-19000（1.5+3）=-1000-30-85.5=-1115.5（元） 所以小张亏了1115.5元