名词性从句PPT 英语

主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词She came/ My head aches.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语She likes English.主语主语 系动词系动词 主语补语主语补语(表语）表语）She is happy主语主语 双宾动词双宾动词 间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read the passage.There +beThere is a book on the desk.简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语） 方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？ 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 不可省不可省),whether; 代词有代词有who, what ,which;副词副词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)We believe (that) he is honest.I told him (that) I would come back soon.He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语在复合句中作主句的宾语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 常常可省略可省略),whether,if; 代词有代词有who, whose,what ,which;副词副词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:表语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语在复合句中作主句的表语.引导词有连词引导词有连词that (that 不可省不可省),whether; 代词有代词有who, what ,which;副副词词 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.如果句子的主语是如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时等名词时,后面引导后面引导的表语从句用的表语从句用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.同位语从句同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连引导词有连词词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词等少数情况下也可用连接副词等.如如 :1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名词名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用要用should+动词原形动词原形,should可省略可省略.What are noun clauses?What are noun clauses? His story is interesting. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clausePractice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词: that / whether / as if(though);连接代词连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 引导词引导词 句型转换 1.They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用成名词性从句用that引导。引导。3.Does your sister get up early? Do you know? 4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. Do you know if/ whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用变成名词性从句用if或或whether引导。引导。5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6.My question is this: where will the lecture be given? Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。问词来引导。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。句保持一致。1.What we need more time.2.What we need more English dictionaries.areisPractice time.单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you will come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._ is_ hasnt_would_was_ he will_ English hasObject Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 + +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+ + 宾语从句宾语从句 2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略： （1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省； （2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。 （3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.whether与与if的辨用的辨用 表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句d. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从连在一起引导宾语从句时不用句时不用if1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别Practice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they _ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 3. 否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)4. it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放从句则放在句尾在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.CI dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomesPredicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以。可以接表语从句的系动词有接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason why is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后在连系动词之后. 作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不不 引导引导 表语从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3. It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that.4 The reason is because /whythat .名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同从句相同. . 但但: 1. : 1. that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省. . 2. 2. if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句. . 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1). That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词由连词 whether 和和 if, 连接代词连接代词 what,who,which 和连接副词和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导等引导.也也 常常后置常常后置:It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法：的用法： （形式主语）（形式主语） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣宣布布 It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧. Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）众所周知） / a common saying.（俗话说）（俗话说） 考点二 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 What he needs _is_ that book. What he needs _are_ some book. what引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中只起连接它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.What 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句 由由 that 引导引导:1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子. that 不可省不可省That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance注注 意：意：1. What you left are only several old books.2. What you said is of great importance.3. What he says and does doesnt concern me.4. What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。主语从句的主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which; belong to b. As, belonged to c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D haveAppositive Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明进一步解释说明. n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.注注: 1. 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语引导同位语从句从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.I have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.that our football team won the game. 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told you the other day .同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别：1 同位语从句同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语当宾语和主语2同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明系，对名词进行补充说明 定语从句定语从句 定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对名词进行修饰，加以限定名词进行修饰，加以限定3同位语从句同位语从句that 不能省不能省 定语从句定语从句 that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省在从句中作宾语时，可以省Practice :判断下列各句是同位语判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句从句还是定语从句 1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.Attributive or Appositive ATAPAPAT1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA9 ._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game .A.why B. what C. who D. that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. A.and he B. was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.A.Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished. A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. reason why C. how D. what5. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have. A. what ;however B. that ;whatever C. whatever ; whoever D. what; whatever6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise. A. whether B. how C. where D. which 7. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. that C. what D. whether8. Difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in that C. in the fact D. in the fact that10. I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important. A. which B. whether C. how D. why13. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 14. _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter15. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. that 16. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when17. Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that18.Our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago. A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C.which it used to be D. what was it19. We all know the truth _ there are air ,water and sunlight,there are living things. A. wherever B. where C. that D. that wherever20.The true value of life is not in _ , but_. A. how you get ;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get ;what you give D. what do you get ;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。 2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。用的东西。同位语从句与定语同位语从句与定语 从句的从句的不同之处不同之处1 1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”的内容：的内容：我们队我们队取得了决赛胜利。取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们的你告诉我们的，而非而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。） 2 2、引导从句的关联词、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分）不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。） Thank you