简单句的五种基本结构

【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流简单句的五种基本结构.精品文档.简单句的五种基本结构简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句的谓语部分包括谓语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分，不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。一、主语+连系动词+表语1. 这一句型中的连系动词除be之外，主要有一下几类： (1) 感官系动词：feel(感到，摸起来), look(看起来), taste（尝起来）, sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）这衣服是丝绸织的，摸上去很柔软。 这花闻起来很香。(2) 渐变类系动词：become(变得，成为), come（成为，变为）, fall（变得）, get（变得）, go（变为；成为）, grow（变得）, turn（变得）我弟弟已经成为一个著名作家。 他的梦想变成了现实。听到这个消息，那女孩的脸变红了。(3) 保持类系动词：keep（保持）, remain（依然）, stay（保持）请保持安静。 你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗？冬天这座山依然是绿的。 他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。2. 表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。如：他是个化学家。 这些铅笔是我的。他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。 孩子们出去了。二、主语+不及物动词1. 本句型的不及物动词是表意动词，在句中作谓语，说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。有时态变化，人称和数要和主语保持一致。常见的不及物动词有agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave（离开）, listen, live, look, move, play, rest, ring, rise, run, shout, sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等(1) 月亮升起来了。(2) 我的表停了。 (3) 老师还没有到。可以在这一句型后加上时间、地点等状语，使句意更具体。例如：(4) 他是昨天来的。 (5) 昨天晚上雨下得很大。 (6) 他走了。 (7) 他们走了五英里。 (8) 他说话不太多。三、主语+及物动词+宾语这个句型中的宾语常见的有以下四种形式：1. 名词、代词我们都喜欢这个音乐会。2. 动词不定式只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有agree , allow, beg, decide , expect, fail , force , hope , learn, permit, persuade, plan, prepare , promise, refuse , want, warn, wish , would like , should love 等动词（短语）。(1)他同意帮助我们。(2) 这女孩决定当老师。动词know , advise, ask, decide, discuss, explain, find out, forget , learn, show, teach ,tell等后常用“who (what, which, when, where, how, whether or 等) + 不定式” 结构作宾语。 (3)我不知道先拿(take)哪一个。(4)你能告诉我在哪儿买这本书吗？3. 动词-ing形式跟-ing形式作宾语的有：advise, consider (考虑 )， enjoy , excuse ,finish, keep , mind, miss, practise, spend, suggest 等动词及feel like , what (how ) about 等固定词组。另外，worth ,busy 这两个形容词后也跟-ing形式作宾语。(1)我建议早点离开。(2)我现在不想做家庭作业(feel like)。(3)这个博物馆很值得参观。4. need, want, require后跟-ing的主动式(doing)或不定式的被动式(to be done)表示被动含义。 窗子需要擦。 5. 既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ing形式作宾语以下动词既可接-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语，但含义不同：(1) cant help doing情不自禁；cant help (to) do不能帮助做 (2) try doing 试着做；try to do 尽力做 (3) go on doing 继续做原来在做的事；go on to do 接着做另一件事 (4) mean doing 意味着；mean to do 打算做 (5) forget , remember, regret 后跟-ing形式作表示已发生的动作，跟不定式表示未发生的动作。听到那个消息她情不自禁地哭了。 .很抱歉，我不能帮忙擦窗子了。我永远忘不了参观长城这件事。 离开之前不要忘了关灯。6. 当不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语（形容词或名词），就要用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后置。I find it difficult to understand his. 我觉得跟他沟通很难。四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(give sb sth)有些动词有两个宾语，一般是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如：He handed me a cup of tea.如果把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，间接宾语前要加to或for。1. 加to的主要动词有：give, hand, pass, lend, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, post，bring, take, leave, return write, throw, promise, refuse, allow, offer, pay等。He gave me an apple. He gave an apple to me. 他给了我一本小人书。Can you show us a different film? Can you show a different film to us? 你能给我们放部别的电影吗？2)加介词for的主要动词有：make, buy, do, fetch, get, play, save, order, cook, sing, find等She made us a cup of tea. .She made a cup of tea for us. 母亲为我做了一件新衬衣。I bought him a little present. I bought a present for him. 我给他买了一件小礼物。五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语这种结构中的补足语有以下几种类型：1. call, name, make, choose, consider, elect, find, think, wish等常以名词作宾补。如：(1) 我们通常叫他“猴子”。 (2) 祝你一路愉快。2. believe，color，consider，find，get，keep，leave，make，turn，push，tear，prove，set，think等动词后常跟形容词作宾补。(1) 你认为(believe/think/consider) 约翰错了吗？(2) 我不认(consider)为他是我的朋友。(3) 好的食物使你保持健康。3. ask, allow, beg, call on, cause, consider（认为）encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, like, order, tell, wish, would like等动词要以带to的不定式作宾补。不定式的否定式是在不定式前加 not 或never。(1) 我父母不允许我很晚不归(stay out late)。(2) 什么使你这么想的？ (3) 他父亲告诉他不要玩火。注意：汉语中人们常用“希望某人做某事”这样的结构，所以在学英语时，就常写出I hope you to come a little earlier. 这样错误的句子。正确的表达应是：I hope you will come a little earlier. 4. 一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（have, let, make），四看（look at, notice, see, watch）这些动词后常跟不带的不定式作宾补。(1) 她不回让我们走的。(2) 老板注意到两个工人离开了车间。注意：(1) 上述动词后跟不带to 的不定式作宾补时，如变为被动语态，则不定式符号to不能省略。如：Something was heard to fall onto the ground. 听见有个什么东西掉到地上。(2) 感观动词后跟不定式作宾补表示的动作已完成，跟动词的-ing形式表示正在进行。试比较：老师看见女孩的脸变红了。我来到教室时听见他们在唱歌。练习：1. They are considering _the house before the prices go up. A. of buying B. with buying C. buying D. to buy 2. -To buy that old car means _a lot of money. -Really? I dont mean _much money. A. to waste; to waste B. wasting; to waste C. wasting; wasting D. to waste; wasting3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. The Internet _it easy to get much new information in a short time.A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 5. Could you lend your radio _me tomorrow, Joan? Mine is broken. A. to B. for C. at D. in 6. -Please wait here. Ill come back soon. - All right. Well _the library _you come back. A. stay; until B. get; till C. stay at ; till D. wait for; until7. .-I tried to make Kate _ her mind, but I found it hard .-Well, I saw you_ that when I went past.A. change, do B. changes, doing C. to change, do D. change , doing8. Everyone must _ their hands _ . A. kept, cleanly B. keeps, clean C. keep, clean D. keep, cleaning 9. Ron _ Henry to help him with his biology. A. lets B. had C. hopes D. wishes10. He told me _ bring you anything. A. not to B. to not C. not D. dont 11. Your hair wants _. Youd better have it done tomorrow. A. cutting B. to cut C. cut D. being cut 12. I heard Mother _ with Father in the next room at ten last night. A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. is talking 13. The dog was _ the next morning. A. found die B. found dying C. found dead D. found death 14. - Do you often hear John _ in his room? - Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. to sing; singing D. sing; singing15.-Im trying to remember the phone number. - Why dont you _in the phone book? A. look up it B. look it C. look it up D. look up 16. She didnt remember _him before. A. to have met B. to meet C. having met D. to having met17. I dont feel _going out for a walk now. A. interested B. happy C. excited D. like 18. The boss promised to _the workers payment(工资). A. rise B. lift C. raise D. wait19. He sent _. A. some cards his friends B. to his friends some cards C. his friends some cards D. his friends to some cards 20. -Jack spends too much time reading. - _him read if he wants to. A. Let her B. Ask C. Allow D. Make